Landfill Design for Reclamation of Şırnak Coal Mine Dumps: Shalefill Stability and Risk Assessment
By GEO5 FEM program with four rockfill slope
modeling and stability analysis was performed for S1, S2, S3 and
S4 slopes where landslides of the shalefills were limited. Effective
angle of internal friction (φ'°) 17°-22.5°, the effective cohesion (c')
from 0.5 to 1.8 kPa, saturated unit weight 1.78-2.43 g/cm3, natural
unit weight 1.9-2.35 g/cm3, dry unit weight 1.97-2.40 g/cm3, the
permeability coefficient of 1x10-4 - 6.5x10-4 cm/s. In cross-sections
of the slope, GEO 5 FEM program possible critical surface tension
was examined. Rockfill dump design was made to prevent sliding
slopes. Bulk material designated geotechnical properties using also
GEO5 programs FEM and stability program via a safety factor
determined and calculated according to the values S3 and S4 No.
slopes are stable S1 and S2 No. slopes were close to stable state
that has been found to be risk. GEO5 programs with limestone rock
fill dump through FEM program was found to exhibit stability.
[1] Hoek, E. and Bray, JW, 1977, Rock slope engineering, Stephen
Austin and Sons, Ltd., Hertford, 402 p.
[2] Lamp, W. T. and Whitman, RV, 1969, Soil Mechanics, John Wiley
and Sons, New York
[3] Bishop, AW, 1955, The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis
of earth slopes, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol. 5, 7-17.
[4] Hoek, E., 1970, Estimating the stability of excavated slopes in
Opencast mines, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, A105, A132
[5] Ulusay, B 1982, as the first approach for the Calculation of Slope
Angle Two New Practical Method to Field Implementation of the
Konya-Çumra Magnesite, Geology Müh.Der., Ocak, 30-41
[6] Ulusay, R., "Applied Geotechnical Data", JMO Publications, Ankara,
1989.
[7] Paşamehmetoğl, LV, ÖZGENOĞLU, A., Watermelon, C, 1991, Rock
Slope Stability, 2 Print, T.M.M.O.B Mining Eng. Room Publications,
Ankara, May.
[8] Anbalagan, R., 1992, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation
mapping in mountainous terrain, "Engineering Geology, 32:269-277,
[9] Fall, H, 1987, "Geotechnical Developments", DSI slope of the
Stability and Retaining Structures Seminar, Samsun
[10] Anonymous, 2011, Şırnak Provincial Administration Reports.
[11] Anonymous, c 2011, "Turkey Earthquake Zone Map", Disaster and
Emergency Management Presidency, Earthquake Department Ankara
[12] Anonymous, 2013, GEO5 programs - Engineering Manuals - Part 1 -
Part 2 http://www.finesoftware.eu/geotechnical-software/
[13] Anonymous, 2009, GEO5 programs - FEM - Theoretical Guide
http://www.finesoftware.eu/geotechnical-software/
[14] TSE, 1987 "Soil Laboratory Testing in Civil Engineering", TS 1900,
UWC 624131, 1 Print, Ankara, April
[15] TSE, 1987 " Civil Engineering Disturbed and Undisturbed Sampling
Methods", TS 1901, UWC-622 233 624.131.36, 1 Print, Ankara,
April.
[16] TSE, 1991 "Balance and Calculation Methods of slope-floor", the TS
8853, UWC 624137-624131, 1 Printing, London, in February.
[17] ASTM 1990, "Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
Under Cosolidated Drained Condition", D3080-90,
[18] Dramis, F., Sorriso-Valvo, M., 1994 "Deep-Seated gravitational slope
Deformations, related landslides and tectonics", Engineering Geology
38, 231-243,.
[19] Gorog P & Toro, 2007 Slope stability assessment of weathered clay
by using field data and computer modeling: a case study from
Budapest, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 7, 417-422,
www.natu-hazards-earth-syst- sci.net
[20] Gorog P & Toro, 2006, Stability problems of abandoned clay pits in
Budapest, IAEG2006 Paper number 295, The Geological Society of
London
[21] Hoek, E., 2013. Practical Rock Engineering, notes by Evert Hoek
Hoek. My http://www.rocscience.co
[22] Hutchinson, JN., 1995 "Landslide hazard assessment. Keynote paper.
In: Bell DH (ed) landslides, Proceedings of 6th International
Symposium on landslides ", Christchurch, New Zealand, vol 1
Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 1805-1841,
[23] Kilic, R., Ulamış, K.., "Gölbasi (Ankara) Investigation of Mass
Movements in the South," Bulletin of Engineering Geology,
Engineering Geology Of Bulletin, Issue: 20 (75-86).
[24] Prusa, J., 2009, Comparison of geotechnic softwares - Geo FEM,
Plaxis, Z-Soil, XIII to ECSMG, Vanicek et al. (Eds). cgts, Prague,
ISBN 80-86769-01-1, (Vol. 2)
[25] Vaneckov, V, Laura J, J Prus, 2011, Sheeting Wall Analysis by the
Method of Dependent Pressures, Geotec Hanoi - ISBN 978 - 604-82 -
000 - 8 ID No. / Pp. 7
[26] Ulusay, R., 1982 "Practical Methods Used in Slope Stability Analysis
and Geotechnical Studies", MTA Publications, Education Series, 25,
[27] Wiley, L., 1987 "Stability Slope and Geomorphology Geotechnical
Engineering", England.
[1] Hoek, E. and Bray, JW, 1977, Rock slope engineering, Stephen
Austin and Sons, Ltd., Hertford, 402 p.
[2] Lamp, W. T. and Whitman, RV, 1969, Soil Mechanics, John Wiley
and Sons, New York
[3] Bishop, AW, 1955, The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis
of earth slopes, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol. 5, 7-17.
[4] Hoek, E., 1970, Estimating the stability of excavated slopes in
Opencast mines, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, A105, A132
[5] Ulusay, B 1982, as the first approach for the Calculation of Slope
Angle Two New Practical Method to Field Implementation of the
Konya-Çumra Magnesite, Geology Müh.Der., Ocak, 30-41
[6] Ulusay, R., "Applied Geotechnical Data", JMO Publications, Ankara,
1989.
[7] Paşamehmetoğl, LV, ÖZGENOĞLU, A., Watermelon, C, 1991, Rock
Slope Stability, 2 Print, T.M.M.O.B Mining Eng. Room Publications,
Ankara, May.
[8] Anbalagan, R., 1992, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation
mapping in mountainous terrain, "Engineering Geology, 32:269-277,
[9] Fall, H, 1987, "Geotechnical Developments", DSI slope of the
Stability and Retaining Structures Seminar, Samsun
[10] Anonymous, 2011, Şırnak Provincial Administration Reports.
[11] Anonymous, c 2011, "Turkey Earthquake Zone Map", Disaster and
Emergency Management Presidency, Earthquake Department Ankara
[12] Anonymous, 2013, GEO5 programs - Engineering Manuals - Part 1 -
Part 2 http://www.finesoftware.eu/geotechnical-software/
[13] Anonymous, 2009, GEO5 programs - FEM - Theoretical Guide
http://www.finesoftware.eu/geotechnical-software/
[14] TSE, 1987 "Soil Laboratory Testing in Civil Engineering", TS 1900,
UWC 624131, 1 Print, Ankara, April
[15] TSE, 1987 " Civil Engineering Disturbed and Undisturbed Sampling
Methods", TS 1901, UWC-622 233 624.131.36, 1 Print, Ankara,
April.
[16] TSE, 1991 "Balance and Calculation Methods of slope-floor", the TS
8853, UWC 624137-624131, 1 Printing, London, in February.
[17] ASTM 1990, "Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
Under Cosolidated Drained Condition", D3080-90,
[18] Dramis, F., Sorriso-Valvo, M., 1994 "Deep-Seated gravitational slope
Deformations, related landslides and tectonics", Engineering Geology
38, 231-243,.
[19] Gorog P & Toro, 2007 Slope stability assessment of weathered clay
by using field data and computer modeling: a case study from
Budapest, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 7, 417-422,
www.natu-hazards-earth-syst- sci.net
[20] Gorog P & Toro, 2006, Stability problems of abandoned clay pits in
Budapest, IAEG2006 Paper number 295, The Geological Society of
London
[21] Hoek, E., 2013. Practical Rock Engineering, notes by Evert Hoek
Hoek. My http://www.rocscience.co
[22] Hutchinson, JN., 1995 "Landslide hazard assessment. Keynote paper.
In: Bell DH (ed) landslides, Proceedings of 6th International
Symposium on landslides ", Christchurch, New Zealand, vol 1
Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 1805-1841,
[23] Kilic, R., Ulamış, K.., "Gölbasi (Ankara) Investigation of Mass
Movements in the South," Bulletin of Engineering Geology,
Engineering Geology Of Bulletin, Issue: 20 (75-86).
[24] Prusa, J., 2009, Comparison of geotechnic softwares - Geo FEM,
Plaxis, Z-Soil, XIII to ECSMG, Vanicek et al. (Eds). cgts, Prague,
ISBN 80-86769-01-1, (Vol. 2)
[25] Vaneckov, V, Laura J, J Prus, 2011, Sheeting Wall Analysis by the
Method of Dependent Pressures, Geotec Hanoi - ISBN 978 - 604-82 -
000 - 8 ID No. / Pp. 7
[26] Ulusay, R., 1982 "Practical Methods Used in Slope Stability Analysis
and Geotechnical Studies", MTA Publications, Education Series, 25,
[27] Wiley, L., 1987 "Stability Slope and Geomorphology Geotechnical
Engineering", England.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:72155", author = "Yıldırım I. Tosun and Halim Cevizci and Hakan Ceylan", title = "Landfill Design for Reclamation of Şırnak Coal Mine Dumps: Shalefill Stability and Risk Assessment", abstract = "By GEO5 FEM program with four rockfill slope
modeling and stability analysis was performed for S1, S2, S3 and
S4 slopes where landslides of the shalefills were limited. Effective
angle of internal friction (φ'°) 17°-22.5°, the effective cohesion (c')
from 0.5 to 1.8 kPa, saturated unit weight 1.78-2.43 g/cm3, natural
unit weight 1.9-2.35 g/cm3, dry unit weight 1.97-2.40 g/cm3, the
permeability coefficient of 1x10-4 - 6.5x10-4 cm/s. In cross-sections
of the slope, GEO 5 FEM program possible critical surface tension
was examined. Rockfill dump design was made to prevent sliding
slopes. Bulk material designated geotechnical properties using also
GEO5 programs FEM and stability program via a safety factor
determined and calculated according to the values S3 and S4 No.
slopes are stable S1 and S2 No. slopes were close to stable state
that has been found to be risk. GEO5 programs with limestone rock
fill dump through FEM program was found to exhibit stability.", keywords = "Slope stability, GEO5, rockfills, rock stability.", volume = "8", number = "8", pages = "607-6", }
