Kinetics Study of Ammonia Removal from Synthetic Waste Water

The aim of this study was to investigate ammonium exchange capacity of natural and activated clinoptilolite from Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. X – ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the clinoptilolite contained exchangeable ions of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. This analysis also confirmed that the zeolite sample had a high silicon composition compared to aluminium. Batch equilibrium studies were performed in an orbital shaker and the data fitted the Langmuir isotherm very well. The ammonium exchange capacity was found to increase with pH and temperature. Clinoptilolite functionalization with hydrochloric acid increased its ammonia uptake ability.

Authors:

• Edison Muzenda
• John Kabuba
• Freeman Ntuli
• Mansoor Mollagee

Keywords:

• Activated clinoptilolite
• Ammonium exchange
• Equilibrium
• Functionalization
• Langmuir isotherm

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