Investigation into Heterotrophic Activities and Algal Biomass in Surface Flow Stormwater Wetlands
Stormwater wetlands have been mainly designed in an
empirical approach for water quality improvement, with little
quantitative understanding of the internal microbial processes. This
study investigated into heterotrophic bacterial production rate,
heterotrophic bacterial mineralization percentage, and algal biomass
in hypertrophic and eutrophic surface flow stormwater wetlands.
Compared to a nearby wood leachate treatment wetland, the
stormwater wetlands had much higher chlorophyll-a concentrations.
The eutrophic stormwater wetland had improved water quality,
whereas the hypertrophic stormwater wetland had degraded water
quality. Heterotrophic bacterial activities in water were limited in the
stormwater wetlands due to competition of algal growth for nutrients.
The relative contribution of biofilms to the overall heterotrophic
activities was higher in the stormwater wetlands than that in the wood
leachate treatment wetland.
[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Considerations in the
Design of Treatment Best Management Practices (BMPs) to Improve
Water Quality. EPA/600/R-03/103. Cincinnati, OH: USEPA, 2002.
[2] J. N. Carleton, T. J. Grizzard, A. N. Godrej, and H. E. Post, "Factors
affecting the performance of stormwater treatment wetlands," Water
Research, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1552-1562, 2001.
[3] R. H. Kadlec, and S. D. Wallace, Treatment wetlands, 2nd ed. Boca
Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2009.
[4] S. Toet, L. H. F. A. Huibers, R. S. P. van Logtestijn, and J. T. A.
Verhoeven, "Denitrification in the periphyton associated with plant
shoots and in the sediment of a wetland system supplied with sewage
treatment plant effluent," Hydrobiologia, vol. 501, no. 1, pp. 29-44,
2003.
[5] S. Bourgues, and B. T. H. Hart, "Nitrogen removal capacity of wetlands:
Sediment versus epiphytic biofilms," Water Science and Technology,
vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 175-182, 2007.
[6] M. A. Moran, and R. E. Hodson, "Contributions of three subsystems of
a freshwater marsh to total bacterial secondary productivity," Microbial
Ecology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 161-170, 1992.
[7] W. Tao, and K. Hall, "Dynamics and influencing factors of
heterotrophic bacterial utilization of acetate in constructed wetlands
treating woodwaste leachate," Water Research, vol. 38, no. 13-14, pp.
3442-3448, 2004.
[8] W. Tao, K. Hall, and S. Duff, "Heterotrophic bacterial activities and
treatment performance of surface flow constructed wetlands receiving
woodwaste leachate," Water Environment Research, vol. 78, no. 7, pp.
671-679, 2006.
[9] D. F. Toerien, and M. C. Toerien, "Microbial heterotrophy in an effluent
treatment system using macrophytes," Agricultural Wastes, vol. 12, no.
4, pp. 287-312, 1985.
[10] C. Polprasert, N. R. Khatiwada, and J. Bhurtel, "A model for organic
matter removal in free water surface constructed wetlands," Water
Science and Technology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 369-377, 1998.
[11] C. L. M. Steenbergen, R. A. J.-P. Sweerts, and T. E. Cappenberg,
"Microbial biogeochemical activities in lakes: stratification and
eutrophication," in Aquatic microbiology: An ecological approach, T.
E. Ford, Ed. Boston, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993, pp.
69-99.
[12] V. Kisand, and T. Noges, "Abiotic and biotic factors regulating
dynamics of bacterioplankton in a large shallow lake," FEMS
Microbiology Ecology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 51-62, 2004.
[13] Environment Canada, Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1971-
2000. http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html,
last modified on November 1, 2008.
[14] American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works
Association (AWWA), and World Environment Federation (WEF),
Standard methods for theEexamination of Water and Wastewater, 20th
ed. Washington DC, USA: APHA, AWWA, and WEF, 1998.
[15] S.-O. Ryding, and W. Rast, The control of Eutrophication of Lakes and
Reservoirs. Paris, France: UNESCO, 1989.
[16] R. F. Mueller, "Bacterial transport and colonization in low nutrient
environments," Water Research, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2681-2690, 1996.
[17] D. C. White, R. D. Kirkegaard, R. J. Palmer Jr., C. A. Flemming, G.
Chen, K. T. Leung, C. B. Phiefer, and A. A. Arrage, "The biofilm
ecology of microbial biofouling, biocide resistance and corrosion," in
Biofilms in the Aquatic Environment, C. W. Keevil, A. Godfree, D.
Holt, and C. Dow, Eds. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of
Chemistry, pp. 120-130, 1999.
[18] J. J. Cole, S. Findlay, and M. L. Pace, "Bacterial production in fresh and
salt-water ecosystems: a cross-system overview," Marine Ecology
Progress Series, vol. 43, pp. 1-10, 1988.
[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Considerations in the
Design of Treatment Best Management Practices (BMPs) to Improve
Water Quality. EPA/600/R-03/103. Cincinnati, OH: USEPA, 2002.
[2] J. N. Carleton, T. J. Grizzard, A. N. Godrej, and H. E. Post, "Factors
affecting the performance of stormwater treatment wetlands," Water
Research, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1552-1562, 2001.
[3] R. H. Kadlec, and S. D. Wallace, Treatment wetlands, 2nd ed. Boca
Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2009.
[4] S. Toet, L. H. F. A. Huibers, R. S. P. van Logtestijn, and J. T. A.
Verhoeven, "Denitrification in the periphyton associated with plant
shoots and in the sediment of a wetland system supplied with sewage
treatment plant effluent," Hydrobiologia, vol. 501, no. 1, pp. 29-44,
2003.
[5] S. Bourgues, and B. T. H. Hart, "Nitrogen removal capacity of wetlands:
Sediment versus epiphytic biofilms," Water Science and Technology,
vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 175-182, 2007.
[6] M. A. Moran, and R. E. Hodson, "Contributions of three subsystems of
a freshwater marsh to total bacterial secondary productivity," Microbial
Ecology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 161-170, 1992.
[7] W. Tao, and K. Hall, "Dynamics and influencing factors of
heterotrophic bacterial utilization of acetate in constructed wetlands
treating woodwaste leachate," Water Research, vol. 38, no. 13-14, pp.
3442-3448, 2004.
[8] W. Tao, K. Hall, and S. Duff, "Heterotrophic bacterial activities and
treatment performance of surface flow constructed wetlands receiving
woodwaste leachate," Water Environment Research, vol. 78, no. 7, pp.
671-679, 2006.
[9] D. F. Toerien, and M. C. Toerien, "Microbial heterotrophy in an effluent
treatment system using macrophytes," Agricultural Wastes, vol. 12, no.
4, pp. 287-312, 1985.
[10] C. Polprasert, N. R. Khatiwada, and J. Bhurtel, "A model for organic
matter removal in free water surface constructed wetlands," Water
Science and Technology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 369-377, 1998.
[11] C. L. M. Steenbergen, R. A. J.-P. Sweerts, and T. E. Cappenberg,
"Microbial biogeochemical activities in lakes: stratification and
eutrophication," in Aquatic microbiology: An ecological approach, T.
E. Ford, Ed. Boston, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993, pp.
69-99.
[12] V. Kisand, and T. Noges, "Abiotic and biotic factors regulating
dynamics of bacterioplankton in a large shallow lake," FEMS
Microbiology Ecology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 51-62, 2004.
[13] Environment Canada, Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1971-
2000. http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html,
last modified on November 1, 2008.
[14] American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works
Association (AWWA), and World Environment Federation (WEF),
Standard methods for theEexamination of Water and Wastewater, 20th
ed. Washington DC, USA: APHA, AWWA, and WEF, 1998.
[15] S.-O. Ryding, and W. Rast, The control of Eutrophication of Lakes and
Reservoirs. Paris, France: UNESCO, 1989.
[16] R. F. Mueller, "Bacterial transport and colonization in low nutrient
environments," Water Research, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2681-2690, 1996.
[17] D. C. White, R. D. Kirkegaard, R. J. Palmer Jr., C. A. Flemming, G.
Chen, K. T. Leung, C. B. Phiefer, and A. A. Arrage, "The biofilm
ecology of microbial biofouling, biocide resistance and corrosion," in
Biofilms in the Aquatic Environment, C. W. Keevil, A. Godfree, D.
Holt, and C. Dow, Eds. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of
Chemistry, pp. 120-130, 1999.
[18] J. J. Cole, S. Findlay, and M. L. Pace, "Bacterial production in fresh and
salt-water ecosystems: a cross-system overview," Marine Ecology
Progress Series, vol. 43, pp. 1-10, 1988.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:55242", author = "Wendong Tao", title = "Investigation into Heterotrophic Activities and Algal Biomass in Surface Flow Stormwater Wetlands", abstract = "Stormwater wetlands have been mainly designed in an
empirical approach for water quality improvement, with little
quantitative understanding of the internal microbial processes. This
study investigated into heterotrophic bacterial production rate,
heterotrophic bacterial mineralization percentage, and algal biomass
in hypertrophic and eutrophic surface flow stormwater wetlands.
Compared to a nearby wood leachate treatment wetland, the
stormwater wetlands had much higher chlorophyll-a concentrations.
The eutrophic stormwater wetland had improved water quality,
whereas the hypertrophic stormwater wetland had degraded water
quality. Heterotrophic bacterial activities in water were limited in the
stormwater wetlands due to competition of algal growth for nutrients.
The relative contribution of biofilms to the overall heterotrophic
activities was higher in the stormwater wetlands than that in the wood
leachate treatment wetland.", keywords = "chlorophyll-a, constructed wetland, heterotrophicproduction, mineralization, stormwater", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "21-4", }
