Influence of the Compression Force and Powder Particle Size on Some Physical Properties of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) Tablets
In recent years, the compression of date (Phoenix
dactylifera L.) fruit powders (DP) to obtain date tablets (DT) has
been suggested as a promising form of valorization of non
commercial valuable date fruit (DF) varieties. To further improve
and characterize DT, the present study aims to investigate the
influence of the DP particle size and compression force on some
physical properties of DT. The results show that independently of
particle size, the hardness (y) of tablets increases with the increase of
the compression force (x) following a logarithmic law (y = a ln (bx)
where a and b are the constants of model). Further, a full factorial
design (FFD) at two levels, applied to investigate the erosion %,
reveals that the effects of time and particle size are the same in
absolute value and they are beyond the effect of the compression.
Regarding the disintegration time, the obtained results also by means
of a FFD show that the effect of the compression force exceeds 4
times that of the DP particle size. As final stage, the color parameters
in the CIELab system of DT immediately after their obtaining are
differently influenced by the size of the initial powder.
[1] S. A. El-Sohaimy, E. E. Hafez, “Biochemical and Nutritional
Characterizations of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)”, J. Appl.
Sci. Res., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1060-1067, 2010.
[2] Z. -X. Tang, L. -E. Salah, M. A. Leid, “Date fruit: chemical composition,
nutritional and medicinal values, products”, J. Sci. Food Agric., vol. 93,
pp. 2351-2361, 2013.
[3] M. K. Jahromi, A. Jafari, S. Rafiee, A. R. Keyhani, R. Mirasheh, S. S.
Mohtasebi, “Some Physical properties of Date Fruit (cv. Dairi)”, Int.
Agrophysics, vol. 22, pp. 221-224, 2008.
[4] Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., and Kefalas, P. 2005.
Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of theAlgerian ripe date palm
fruit (Phoenix dactylifera.). Food Chemistry 89: 411–420.
[5] I. B. Thabet, S. Besbes, M. Masmoudi, H. Attia, C. Deroanne, C.
Blecker, “Compositional, Physical, Antioxidant and Sensory
Characteristics of Novel Syrup from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera
L.)”, Food Sci. Technol. Int., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 583-590, 2009.
[6] A. Boulal, B. Benali, M. Moulai, A. Touzi, “Transformation des déchets
de dattes de la région d’Adrar en bioéthanol”, Rev. EnR., vol. 13, no. 3,
pp. 455 – 463, 2010.
[7] A. Boulal, Z. Benbrahim, B. Benali, S. Ladjel, “Etude comparative de
rendement de la production d’éthanol de deux variétés de dattes
communes de faible valeur commerciale (Tinaceur et Aghmou) de Sud –
Ouest de l’Algérie”, Rev. EnR., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 455 – 463, 2013.
[8] S. Benamara, H. Gougam, H. Amellal, A. Djouab, A. Benahmed, Y.
Noui, “Some Technologic Proprieties of Common Date (Phoenix
dactylifera L.) Fruits”, Am. J. Food Tech., vol. 3, pp. 79-88. 2008.
(Proceeding of 5th International Congress on Food Technology,
Thessaloniki (Greece) 9/11 March 2007 , Ed. Evangelos S. L., vol. 1, pp.
6-13, 2008).
[9] S. S. Sablani, A. K. Shrestha, B. R. Bhandari, “A new method of
producing date powder granules: Physicochemical characteristics of
powder”, J. Food Eng., vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 416–421, 2008.
[10] H. Amellal, L. Ait-Ameur, S. Benamara, Y. Noui, “Treatment of Mech-
Degla date by immersion in the citrus juices”. Proceeding of 5th
International Congress on Food Technology, Thessaloniki (Greece) 9/11
March 2007 , Ed. Evangelos S. L., vol. 1, 647-652, 2007.
[11] B. D. Adiba, S. Benamara, N. Saidi, A. Meksoud, “Preliminary
characterization of food tablets from date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and
spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powders”. Powder Technol., vol. 208, pp. 725–
730, 2011.
[12] N. C. Ngwuluka, B. A. Idiakhoa, E. I. Nep, I. Ogaji, I. S. Okafor,
“Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol tablets manufactured using
the dried fruit of Phoenix dactylifera Linn as an excipient”, Res.
Pharmaceut. Biotechnol., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 25-32, 2010.
[13] J. Bessière, L. Barthe, E. Mognard, J. Pilleboue, S. Rayssac, E. Soulenq,
L. Tibère, “Patrimoine alimentaire et innovations: Essai d’analyse
typologique sur trois territoires de la region Midi-Pyrénées”. Innov.
Sustain. Develop. Agric. Food (www.isda2010.net), 2010.
[14] M. C. Gohel, “A review of co-processed directly compressible
excipients. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 76-93, 2005.
[15] M. Santl, I. Ilic, F. Vrecer, S. Baumgartner, “A compressibility and
compactibility study of real tableting mixtures: The effect of granule
particle size”, Acta Pharmceut., vol. 62, pp. 325–340, 2012.
[16] M. A. Gharacheh, A. H. Kokabi, G. H. Daneshi, B. Shalchi, R. Sarrafi,
“The influence of the ratio of ‘‘rotational speed/traverse speed’’ (o/v) on
mechanical properties of AZ31 friction stir welds”, Int. J. Mach Tool
Manu., vol. 46, 1983–1987, 2006.
[17] M. Riippi, O. Antikainen, T. Niskanen, J. Yliruusi, “The effect of
compression force on surface structure, crushing strength, friability and
disintegration time of erythromycin acistrate tablets”. Euro. J.
Pharmaceut. Biopharmaceut., vol. 46, pp. 339–345, 1998.
[18] A. F. Marais, M. Song, M. M. de Villiers, “Effect of compression force,
humidity and disintegrant concentration on disintegration and
dissolution of direct compressed furosemide tablets using croscarmellose
sodium as disintegrant”. Tropical J. Pharmaceut. Research., vol. 2, no. 1,
pp. 125-135, 2003.
[19] S. Kruse, S. Gebert, K. Meyer-Böhm, A. Maschke, K. Kolter,
“Compression characterization and lubricant sensitivity of orally
disintegratingtablets based on Ludiflash”, APV World Meeting 2008, 7.-
10. April 2008, Barcelona, Spain.
[20] S. Mohan, “Compression physics of pharmaceutical powders: A
review”, Int. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. and Res., vol. 3, no. 6, 1580-1592,
2012.
[21] Tapia C., Ormazabal V. 2007. Study of dissolution behavior of matrices
tablets based on alginate–gelatin mixtures as prolonged diltiazem
hydrochloride release systems .Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 33, 585-593.
[1] S. A. El-Sohaimy, E. E. Hafez, “Biochemical and Nutritional
Characterizations of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)”, J. Appl.
Sci. Res., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1060-1067, 2010.
[2] Z. -X. Tang, L. -E. Salah, M. A. Leid, “Date fruit: chemical composition,
nutritional and medicinal values, products”, J. Sci. Food Agric., vol. 93,
pp. 2351-2361, 2013.
[3] M. K. Jahromi, A. Jafari, S. Rafiee, A. R. Keyhani, R. Mirasheh, S. S.
Mohtasebi, “Some Physical properties of Date Fruit (cv. Dairi)”, Int.
Agrophysics, vol. 22, pp. 221-224, 2008.
[4] Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., and Kefalas, P. 2005.
Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of theAlgerian ripe date palm
fruit (Phoenix dactylifera.). Food Chemistry 89: 411–420.
[5] I. B. Thabet, S. Besbes, M. Masmoudi, H. Attia, C. Deroanne, C.
Blecker, “Compositional, Physical, Antioxidant and Sensory
Characteristics of Novel Syrup from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera
L.)”, Food Sci. Technol. Int., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 583-590, 2009.
[6] A. Boulal, B. Benali, M. Moulai, A. Touzi, “Transformation des déchets
de dattes de la région d’Adrar en bioéthanol”, Rev. EnR., vol. 13, no. 3,
pp. 455 – 463, 2010.
[7] A. Boulal, Z. Benbrahim, B. Benali, S. Ladjel, “Etude comparative de
rendement de la production d’éthanol de deux variétés de dattes
communes de faible valeur commerciale (Tinaceur et Aghmou) de Sud –
Ouest de l’Algérie”, Rev. EnR., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 455 – 463, 2013.
[8] S. Benamara, H. Gougam, H. Amellal, A. Djouab, A. Benahmed, Y.
Noui, “Some Technologic Proprieties of Common Date (Phoenix
dactylifera L.) Fruits”, Am. J. Food Tech., vol. 3, pp. 79-88. 2008.
(Proceeding of 5th International Congress on Food Technology,
Thessaloniki (Greece) 9/11 March 2007 , Ed. Evangelos S. L., vol. 1, pp.
6-13, 2008).
[9] S. S. Sablani, A. K. Shrestha, B. R. Bhandari, “A new method of
producing date powder granules: Physicochemical characteristics of
powder”, J. Food Eng., vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 416–421, 2008.
[10] H. Amellal, L. Ait-Ameur, S. Benamara, Y. Noui, “Treatment of Mech-
Degla date by immersion in the citrus juices”. Proceeding of 5th
International Congress on Food Technology, Thessaloniki (Greece) 9/11
March 2007 , Ed. Evangelos S. L., vol. 1, 647-652, 2007.
[11] B. D. Adiba, S. Benamara, N. Saidi, A. Meksoud, “Preliminary
characterization of food tablets from date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and
spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powders”. Powder Technol., vol. 208, pp. 725–
730, 2011.
[12] N. C. Ngwuluka, B. A. Idiakhoa, E. I. Nep, I. Ogaji, I. S. Okafor,
“Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol tablets manufactured using
the dried fruit of Phoenix dactylifera Linn as an excipient”, Res.
Pharmaceut. Biotechnol., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 25-32, 2010.
[13] J. Bessière, L. Barthe, E. Mognard, J. Pilleboue, S. Rayssac, E. Soulenq,
L. Tibère, “Patrimoine alimentaire et innovations: Essai d’analyse
typologique sur trois territoires de la region Midi-Pyrénées”. Innov.
Sustain. Develop. Agric. Food (www.isda2010.net), 2010.
[14] M. C. Gohel, “A review of co-processed directly compressible
excipients. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 76-93, 2005.
[15] M. Santl, I. Ilic, F. Vrecer, S. Baumgartner, “A compressibility and
compactibility study of real tableting mixtures: The effect of granule
particle size”, Acta Pharmceut., vol. 62, pp. 325–340, 2012.
[16] M. A. Gharacheh, A. H. Kokabi, G. H. Daneshi, B. Shalchi, R. Sarrafi,
“The influence of the ratio of ‘‘rotational speed/traverse speed’’ (o/v) on
mechanical properties of AZ31 friction stir welds”, Int. J. Mach Tool
Manu., vol. 46, 1983–1987, 2006.
[17] M. Riippi, O. Antikainen, T. Niskanen, J. Yliruusi, “The effect of
compression force on surface structure, crushing strength, friability and
disintegration time of erythromycin acistrate tablets”. Euro. J.
Pharmaceut. Biopharmaceut., vol. 46, pp. 339–345, 1998.
[18] A. F. Marais, M. Song, M. M. de Villiers, “Effect of compression force,
humidity and disintegrant concentration on disintegration and
dissolution of direct compressed furosemide tablets using croscarmellose
sodium as disintegrant”. Tropical J. Pharmaceut. Research., vol. 2, no. 1,
pp. 125-135, 2003.
[19] S. Kruse, S. Gebert, K. Meyer-Böhm, A. Maschke, K. Kolter,
“Compression characterization and lubricant sensitivity of orally
disintegratingtablets based on Ludiflash”, APV World Meeting 2008, 7.-
10. April 2008, Barcelona, Spain.
[20] S. Mohan, “Compression physics of pharmaceutical powders: A
review”, Int. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. and Res., vol. 3, no. 6, 1580-1592,
2012.
[21] Tapia C., Ormazabal V. 2007. Study of dissolution behavior of matrices
tablets based on alginate–gelatin mixtures as prolonged diltiazem
hydrochloride release systems .Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 33, 585-593.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:68792", author = "Djemaa Megdoud and Messaoud Boudaa and Fatima Ouamrane and Salem Benamara", title = "Influence of the Compression Force and Powder Particle Size on Some Physical Properties of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) Tablets", abstract = "In recent years, the compression of date (Phoenix
dactylifera L.) fruit powders (DP) to obtain date tablets (DT) has
been suggested as a promising form of valorization of non
commercial valuable date fruit (DF) varieties. To further improve
and characterize DT, the present study aims to investigate the
influence of the DP particle size and compression force on some
physical properties of DT. The results show that independently of
particle size, the hardness (y) of tablets increases with the increase of
the compression force (x) following a logarithmic law (y = a ln (bx)
where a and b are the constants of model). Further, a full factorial
design (FFD) at two levels, applied to investigate the erosion %,
reveals that the effects of time and particle size are the same in
absolute value and they are beyond the effect of the compression.
Regarding the disintegration time, the obtained results also by means
of a FFD show that the effect of the compression force exceeds 4
times that of the DP particle size. As final stage, the color parameters
in the CIELab system of DT immediately after their obtaining are
differently influenced by the size of the initial powder.
", keywords = "Powder, valorization, tablets, date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.), hardness, erosion, disintegration time, color.", volume = "8", number = "10", pages = "1158-5", }
