Influence of Taguchi Selected Parameters on Properties of CuO-ZrO2 Nanoparticles Produced via Sol-gel Method
The present paper discusses the selection of process
parameters for obtaining optimal nanocrystallites size in the CuOZrO2
catalyst. There are some parameters changing the inorganic
structure which have an influence on the role of hydrolysis and
condensation reaction. A statistical design test method is
implemented in order to optimize the experimental conditions of
CuO-ZrO2 nanoparticles preparation. This method is applied for the
experiments and L16 orthogonal array standard. The crystallites size
is considered as an index. This index will be used for the analysis in
the condition where the parameters vary. The effect of pH, H2O/
precursor molar ratio (R), time and temperature of calcination,
chelating agent and alcohol volume are particularity investigated
among all other parameters. In accordance with the results of
Taguchi, it is found that temperature has the greatest impact on the
particle size. The pH and H2O/ precursor molar ratio have low
influences as compared with temperature. The alcohol volume as
well as the time has almost no effect as compared with all other
parameters. Temperature also has an influence on the morphology
and amorphous structure of zirconia. The optimal conditions are
determined by using Taguchi method. The nanocatalyst is studied by
DTA-TG, XRD, EDS, SEM and TEM. The results of this research
indicate that it is possible to vary the structure, morphology and
properties of the sol-gel by controlling the above-mentioned
parameters.
[1] C. Cuciu, A.C. Hoffmann, and A.Vik, the effect of calcination and
precursor proportion of YSZ nanoparticles obtained by modified sol- gel
route, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen
Norway. Allegaten 55, Chemical Engineering Journal, **-***, (2007).
[2] M. Gradzielski, M. Lerch, and R. Schlögl, Microstructural Modifications
of Copper Zinc Oxide Catalysts as a Function of Precipitate Ageing:
university of Berlin, pp 3-6, (2003).
[3] M.K. Dongare, V. Ramaswamy, C.S. Gopinath, A.V. Ramaswamy, S.
Scheurell, M. Brueckner, and E. Kemnitz, Oxidation activity and 18Oisotope
exchange behavior of Cu-stabilized cubic zirconia, Journal of
Catalysis 199, 209-216, (2001).
[4] I. Ritzkopf, S. Vukojevic, C. Weidenthaler, J.D. Grunwaldt, and F.
Schuth, Decreased CO production in methanol steam reforming over
Cu/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by the microemulsion technique, Applied
Catalysis A: General 302, 215-223, (2006).
[5] V. Ramaswamy, M. Bhagwat, D. Srinivas, and A.V. Ramaswamy, 2004,
Structural and spectral features of nano-crystalline copper-stabilized
zirconia, Catalysis Today 97, 63-70.
[6] J.M. Liu, P.Y. Lu, and W.K. Weng, Studies on modifications of ITO
surfaces in OLED devices by Taguchi methods, Materials Science and
Engineering: B85, 209, (2001).
[7] W.J. Shen, Y. Ichihashi, and Y. Matsumura, Low temperature methanol
synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen over ceria supported
copper catalyst, Applied Catalysis A: General 282, 221-226, (2005).
[8] S.H. Liu, G.K. Chuah, and S. Jaenicke, Liquid-phase Oppenauer
oxidation of primary allylic and benzylic alcohols to corresponding
aldehydes by solid zirconia catalysts, Juornal of Molecular Catalysis A:
Chemical 220 Witco Chemical Company, 267-274, (2004).
[9] D. He, Y. Ding, H. Luo, and C. Li., Effects of zirconia phase on the
synthesis of higher alcohols over zirconia and modified zirconia, Juornal
of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 208, 267-271, (2004).
[10] R. D. Yang, R. R. Mater, and A. F. Fortheringham, Journal of material
Science, 36, 3097, (2001).
[11] S.K. Park, K.D. Kim, and H.T. Kim, Applying the Taguchi method to
the optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of
TEOT in micelles, Colloid Surface A: Physicochemical Eng. Aspects
197, 7, (2002).
[12] R. Roy, A. 1990, Primer on the Taguchi Method, Van Nostrand
Reinhold New York.
[13] P. Sharma, A. Verma, R.K. Sidhu, and O.P. Pandey, Process parameter
selection for strontium ferrite sintered magnets using Taguchi L9
orthogonal design, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 168,
147-151, (2005).
[14] K.D. Kim, S.H. Kim, and H.T. Kim, Applying the Taguchi method to the
optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of
TEOT in micelles, Colloids and Surface A: Physcochem. Eng. Aspects
254, 99-105, (2005).
[15] B.L. Cuching, V.L. Kolesnichenko, and C.J. Oconnor, Advanced
Material Reseach Institute, University New Orleans, p.p. 3893-3946,
(2004).
[16] R. Xu, and W. Wei, Fe modified CuMnZrO2 catalysts for higher
alcohols synthesis from syngas: Effect of calcination temperature
Juornal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 234, 75-83, (2005).
[17] S. K. Ghosh, Functional coatings by polymer microencapsulation, pp.
259-279, (2006).
[18] J. Liu, and J. Shi, Surface active structure of ultra-fine Cu/ZrO2 catalysts
used for the CO2 + H2 to methanol reaction, Applied Catalysis A:
General 218, 113-119, (2001).
[1] C. Cuciu, A.C. Hoffmann, and A.Vik, the effect of calcination and
precursor proportion of YSZ nanoparticles obtained by modified sol- gel
route, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen
Norway. Allegaten 55, Chemical Engineering Journal, **-***, (2007).
[2] M. Gradzielski, M. Lerch, and R. Schlögl, Microstructural Modifications
of Copper Zinc Oxide Catalysts as a Function of Precipitate Ageing:
university of Berlin, pp 3-6, (2003).
[3] M.K. Dongare, V. Ramaswamy, C.S. Gopinath, A.V. Ramaswamy, S.
Scheurell, M. Brueckner, and E. Kemnitz, Oxidation activity and 18Oisotope
exchange behavior of Cu-stabilized cubic zirconia, Journal of
Catalysis 199, 209-216, (2001).
[4] I. Ritzkopf, S. Vukojevic, C. Weidenthaler, J.D. Grunwaldt, and F.
Schuth, Decreased CO production in methanol steam reforming over
Cu/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by the microemulsion technique, Applied
Catalysis A: General 302, 215-223, (2006).
[5] V. Ramaswamy, M. Bhagwat, D. Srinivas, and A.V. Ramaswamy, 2004,
Structural and spectral features of nano-crystalline copper-stabilized
zirconia, Catalysis Today 97, 63-70.
[6] J.M. Liu, P.Y. Lu, and W.K. Weng, Studies on modifications of ITO
surfaces in OLED devices by Taguchi methods, Materials Science and
Engineering: B85, 209, (2001).
[7] W.J. Shen, Y. Ichihashi, and Y. Matsumura, Low temperature methanol
synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen over ceria supported
copper catalyst, Applied Catalysis A: General 282, 221-226, (2005).
[8] S.H. Liu, G.K. Chuah, and S. Jaenicke, Liquid-phase Oppenauer
oxidation of primary allylic and benzylic alcohols to corresponding
aldehydes by solid zirconia catalysts, Juornal of Molecular Catalysis A:
Chemical 220 Witco Chemical Company, 267-274, (2004).
[9] D. He, Y. Ding, H. Luo, and C. Li., Effects of zirconia phase on the
synthesis of higher alcohols over zirconia and modified zirconia, Juornal
of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 208, 267-271, (2004).
[10] R. D. Yang, R. R. Mater, and A. F. Fortheringham, Journal of material
Science, 36, 3097, (2001).
[11] S.K. Park, K.D. Kim, and H.T. Kim, Applying the Taguchi method to
the optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of
TEOT in micelles, Colloid Surface A: Physicochemical Eng. Aspects
197, 7, (2002).
[12] R. Roy, A. 1990, Primer on the Taguchi Method, Van Nostrand
Reinhold New York.
[13] P. Sharma, A. Verma, R.K. Sidhu, and O.P. Pandey, Process parameter
selection for strontium ferrite sintered magnets using Taguchi L9
orthogonal design, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 168,
147-151, (2005).
[14] K.D. Kim, S.H. Kim, and H.T. Kim, Applying the Taguchi method to the
optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of
TEOT in micelles, Colloids and Surface A: Physcochem. Eng. Aspects
254, 99-105, (2005).
[15] B.L. Cuching, V.L. Kolesnichenko, and C.J. Oconnor, Advanced
Material Reseach Institute, University New Orleans, p.p. 3893-3946,
(2004).
[16] R. Xu, and W. Wei, Fe modified CuMnZrO2 catalysts for higher
alcohols synthesis from syngas: Effect of calcination temperature
Juornal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 234, 75-83, (2005).
[17] S. K. Ghosh, Functional coatings by polymer microencapsulation, pp.
259-279, (2006).
[18] J. Liu, and J. Shi, Surface active structure of ultra-fine Cu/ZrO2 catalysts
used for the CO2 + H2 to methanol reaction, Applied Catalysis A:
General 218, 113-119, (2001).
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:53427", author = "H. Abdizadeh and Y. Vahidshad", title = "Influence of Taguchi Selected Parameters on Properties of CuO-ZrO2 Nanoparticles Produced via Sol-gel Method", abstract = "The present paper discusses the selection of process
parameters for obtaining optimal nanocrystallites size in the CuOZrO2
catalyst. There are some parameters changing the inorganic
structure which have an influence on the role of hydrolysis and
condensation reaction. A statistical design test method is
implemented in order to optimize the experimental conditions of
CuO-ZrO2 nanoparticles preparation. This method is applied for the
experiments and L16 orthogonal array standard. The crystallites size
is considered as an index. This index will be used for the analysis in
the condition where the parameters vary. The effect of pH, H2O/
precursor molar ratio (R), time and temperature of calcination,
chelating agent and alcohol volume are particularity investigated
among all other parameters. In accordance with the results of
Taguchi, it is found that temperature has the greatest impact on the
particle size. The pH and H2O/ precursor molar ratio have low
influences as compared with temperature. The alcohol volume as
well as the time has almost no effect as compared with all other
parameters. Temperature also has an influence on the morphology
and amorphous structure of zirconia. The optimal conditions are
determined by using Taguchi method. The nanocatalyst is studied by
DTA-TG, XRD, EDS, SEM and TEM. The results of this research
indicate that it is possible to vary the structure, morphology and
properties of the sol-gel by controlling the above-mentioned
parameters.", keywords = "CuO-ZrO2 Nanoparticles, Sol-gel, Taguchi method.", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "136-9", }