Influence of Canola Oil and Lysine Supplementation Diets on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Meat in Broiler Chicks
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different levels of lysine and canola oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of meat of broilers chicks. 240-day old Ross broiler chicks were used in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with canola oil (1, 3, and 5%) and lysine (recommended, and 25% more than recommended by Ross broiler manual) in completely randomized design with four replicates and 10 birds per each. The experimental diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded at the end of starter (10 d), grower (24 d) and finisher (42 d) periods, and feed conversion ratio was calculated. The results showed that the weight gain of chickens fed diets containing 5% canola oil were greater than those of birds fed on other diets (P<0.05). The dietary lysine had significant effect on feed intake and diets with 25% more than recommended, increased feed intake significantly (P<0.05). The canola oil×lysine interaction effects on performance were not significant. Among all treatment birds, those fed diets containing 5% canola oil had the highest meristic acid and oleic acid content in their meat. Broilers fed diets containing 3 or 5% canola oil possessed the higher content of linolenic acid and lower content of arachidonic acid in their meat (P<0.05). The results of the present experiment indicated that the diets containing canola oil (5%) and lysine at 25% higher than requirement, improve the growth performance, carcass and breast yield of broiler, and increase the accumulation of Omega-3 fatty acids in breast meat.
[1] Haug A, Eich-Greatorex S, Bernhoft A, et al. Effect of dietary selenium and omega-3 fatty acids on muscle composition and quality in broilers. Lipids Health Dis 2007; 6: 29.
[2] Kris-Etherton P, Harris W, Appel L. Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation cited 2009; 106: 2747-2757.
[3] Leaf A, Kang JX .N-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. World Rev. Nutr1998; 83: 24-37.
[4] Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells MD, Barroeta A, et al. N-3 enrichment of chicken meat using fish oil: alternative substitution with rapeseed and linseed oils. Poult Sci 1999; 78: 356-365.
[5] Craspo N, Esteve-Garcia E. Dietary fatty acid profile modifiers abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2001; 80: 71-78.
[6] Osek M, Janocha A, Klocek B, et al. Influence of feed mixtures containing different fats on production coefficients and meat quality of slaughter chicken. Poult Sci 2001; 22: 153-164.
[7] Saricicek BZ, Ocak N, Garipoglu AV. A study on utilizing fish oil in broiler diets. Poult. Sci 1997; 12: 33 – 42.
[8] Zollitsch W, Knaus W, Aichinger F, et al. Effects of different dietary fat sources on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1997; 63–73.
[9] Yau J, Denton JH, Bailey CA, et al. Customizing the fatty acid content of broiler tissues. Poult Sci1991; 70: 167-172.
[10] Bou R, Guardiola F, Tres A, et al. Effect of Dietary Fish Oil, R-Tocopheryl Acetate, and Zinc Supplementation on the Composition and Consumer Acceptability of Chicken Meat. Poult Sci 2004; 83, 282-292.
[11] Kehui O, Mingsheng X, Xinchen S, et al. Influence of oils on the Taihe Silky Fowl production perfor-mances and fatty acids composition of the meat. J Anim Physiol. Anim Nutr. 2011; 95:106–113.
[12] Lopez-Garcia E, Schulze MB, Manson JE, et al. Consumption of n-3 fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation in women. J Nutr sci 2004; 134, 1806–1811.
[13] Salamatdoustnobar R, Nazeradl K, Ayazi A, et al. Beneficial effects of canola oil on serum biochemical parameters of Iranian native Turkeys. J Anim Vet. Adv2009; 8: 2206-2209.
[14] Azad K, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi Sh. Effect of dietary oil seeds on n-3 fatty acid enrichment, performance parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 2009; Vol. 10, No. 2, Ser. No. 27.
[15] Lopez-Garcia E. Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80: 1029-1035.
[16] Ajuyah A, Lee K, Hardin R, et al. Changes in the yield and in the fatty acid composition of whole carcass and selected meat portions of broiler chickens fed full-fat oil seeds. Poultry Sci 1991. 70:2304–2314.
[17] Mack S, Bercovici D, DeGroate G, et al. Ideal amino acid profile and dietary lysine specification for broiler chickens of 20 to 40 days of age. Brtish Poultry Science 1999; 40: 257–265.
[18] Samadi F, Liebert F. Threonine Requirement of Slow Growing Male Chickens Depending on Age and Dietary Efficiency of Threonine Utilization. Poult Sci 2007; 86: 1140-1148.
[19] Acar N, Moran E, Bilgili S. Live performance and carcass yield of male broiler from two commercial strain crosses receiving rations containing lysine below and above the established requirement between six to eight weeks of age .Poultry Science 1991; 70: 2315-2321.
[20] Tesseraud S, Peresson R, Lopes J, et al. Dietary lysine deficiency greatly affects muscle and liver protein turnover in growing chickens. Br. J. Nutr 1996; 75:853-865.
[21] Holsheimer J, Veerkamp C. Effect of dietary energy, protein and lysine contents on performance and yields of two strains of male broiler chicks. Poult Sci1992; 71: 872-879.
[22] Kerr B, Kidd M, Halpan K, et al. Lysine level increases live performance and breast yield in male broiler. J Appl Poult Res1999; 8: 381-390.
[23] Rezaei M, Nassiri Moghaddam H, Pour Reza J, et al. The Effects of Dietary Protein and Lysine Levels on Broiler Performance, Carcass Characteristics and N Excretion. Poultry Science2004; 3 (2): 148-152.
[24] Folch J, Less M, Sloane-Stanley G. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Biol Chem1957; 226, 497-509.
[25] Morrison W, Smith M. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipid with boron fluoride-methanol. J. Lipid Res1964; 5:600–608.
[26] SAS Institute. SASâ User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 2005.
[27] Ayerza, R., W. Coates, and M. Lauria. 2002. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as an ω-3 fatty acid source for broilers: Influence on fatty acid composition, cholesterol and fat content of white and dark meats, growth performance and sensory characteristics. Poult. Sci. 81:826–837.
[28] Crespo N, Esteve-Garcia E. Nutrient and fatty acid deposition in broilers fed different dietary fatty acid profiles.Poult Sci2002; 81:1533–1542.
[29] Han Y, Baker H. Lysine requirements of fast-and slow-growing broiler chicks. Poult Sci1991; 70: 2108-2114.
[30] Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells M, Barroeta A, et al. n-3 Enrichment of chicken meat. 1. Use of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Chicken Diets and Their Influence on Meat Quality: Fish oil. Poult. Sci 2001; 80, 741-752.
[31] Waladkhani A, Clemens M, Bode J, et al.Effect of methionine on the fatty acid composition of cellular membranes in rats with chronic ethanol consumption and jejunoileal bypass. Alcohol Alcohol 1996. 31:463–469.
[32] Nwokolo, E.; SIM, J., 1989.Barley and full-fat canola seed in broiler diets. Poultry Science, v. 68, n. 10, p. 1374-1380.
[33] Thiruvenkadan A, Prabakaran R, Panneerselvam S. Broiler breeding strategies over the decades: An overview. World’s Poult. Sci 2011. J. 67:309–336.
[34] Schmidt M, Gomes PC, Rostagno HS, et al. Exigência nutricional de lisina digestível para poedeiras semipesadas no segundo ciclo de produção. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 2009; 38 (10):1956-1961.
[35] National Research council. Nutrient Re- uirements of Poult 9th Rev Edition. Natl. Acad. pres, Washington, Dc 1994.
[36] Zarate AJ, Moran ET, Burnham DJ. Exceeding essential amino acid requirements and improving their balance as a means to minimize heat stress in broilers. Applied Poultry Research 2003; 12:33-44.
[1] Haug A, Eich-Greatorex S, Bernhoft A, et al. Effect of dietary selenium and omega-3 fatty acids on muscle composition and quality in broilers. Lipids Health Dis 2007; 6: 29.
[2] Kris-Etherton P, Harris W, Appel L. Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation cited 2009; 106: 2747-2757.
[3] Leaf A, Kang JX .N-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. World Rev. Nutr1998; 83: 24-37.
[4] Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells MD, Barroeta A, et al. N-3 enrichment of chicken meat using fish oil: alternative substitution with rapeseed and linseed oils. Poult Sci 1999; 78: 356-365.
[5] Craspo N, Esteve-Garcia E. Dietary fatty acid profile modifiers abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2001; 80: 71-78.
[6] Osek M, Janocha A, Klocek B, et al. Influence of feed mixtures containing different fats on production coefficients and meat quality of slaughter chicken. Poult Sci 2001; 22: 153-164.
[7] Saricicek BZ, Ocak N, Garipoglu AV. A study on utilizing fish oil in broiler diets. Poult. Sci 1997; 12: 33 – 42.
[8] Zollitsch W, Knaus W, Aichinger F, et al. Effects of different dietary fat sources on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1997; 63–73.
[9] Yau J, Denton JH, Bailey CA, et al. Customizing the fatty acid content of broiler tissues. Poult Sci1991; 70: 167-172.
[10] Bou R, Guardiola F, Tres A, et al. Effect of Dietary Fish Oil, R-Tocopheryl Acetate, and Zinc Supplementation on the Composition and Consumer Acceptability of Chicken Meat. Poult Sci 2004; 83, 282-292.
[11] Kehui O, Mingsheng X, Xinchen S, et al. Influence of oils on the Taihe Silky Fowl production perfor-mances and fatty acids composition of the meat. J Anim Physiol. Anim Nutr. 2011; 95:106–113.
[12] Lopez-Garcia E, Schulze MB, Manson JE, et al. Consumption of n-3 fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation in women. J Nutr sci 2004; 134, 1806–1811.
[13] Salamatdoustnobar R, Nazeradl K, Ayazi A, et al. Beneficial effects of canola oil on serum biochemical parameters of Iranian native Turkeys. J Anim Vet. Adv2009; 8: 2206-2209.
[14] Azad K, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi Sh. Effect of dietary oil seeds on n-3 fatty acid enrichment, performance parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 2009; Vol. 10, No. 2, Ser. No. 27.
[15] Lopez-Garcia E. Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80: 1029-1035.
[16] Ajuyah A, Lee K, Hardin R, et al. Changes in the yield and in the fatty acid composition of whole carcass and selected meat portions of broiler chickens fed full-fat oil seeds. Poultry Sci 1991. 70:2304–2314.
[17] Mack S, Bercovici D, DeGroate G, et al. Ideal amino acid profile and dietary lysine specification for broiler chickens of 20 to 40 days of age. Brtish Poultry Science 1999; 40: 257–265.
[18] Samadi F, Liebert F. Threonine Requirement of Slow Growing Male Chickens Depending on Age and Dietary Efficiency of Threonine Utilization. Poult Sci 2007; 86: 1140-1148.
[19] Acar N, Moran E, Bilgili S. Live performance and carcass yield of male broiler from two commercial strain crosses receiving rations containing lysine below and above the established requirement between six to eight weeks of age .Poultry Science 1991; 70: 2315-2321.
[20] Tesseraud S, Peresson R, Lopes J, et al. Dietary lysine deficiency greatly affects muscle and liver protein turnover in growing chickens. Br. J. Nutr 1996; 75:853-865.
[21] Holsheimer J, Veerkamp C. Effect of dietary energy, protein and lysine contents on performance and yields of two strains of male broiler chicks. Poult Sci1992; 71: 872-879.
[22] Kerr B, Kidd M, Halpan K, et al. Lysine level increases live performance and breast yield in male broiler. J Appl Poult Res1999; 8: 381-390.
[23] Rezaei M, Nassiri Moghaddam H, Pour Reza J, et al. The Effects of Dietary Protein and Lysine Levels on Broiler Performance, Carcass Characteristics and N Excretion. Poultry Science2004; 3 (2): 148-152.
[24] Folch J, Less M, Sloane-Stanley G. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Biol Chem1957; 226, 497-509.
[25] Morrison W, Smith M. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipid with boron fluoride-methanol. J. Lipid Res1964; 5:600–608.
[26] SAS Institute. SASâ User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 2005.
[27] Ayerza, R., W. Coates, and M. Lauria. 2002. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as an ω-3 fatty acid source for broilers: Influence on fatty acid composition, cholesterol and fat content of white and dark meats, growth performance and sensory characteristics. Poult. Sci. 81:826–837.
[28] Crespo N, Esteve-Garcia E. Nutrient and fatty acid deposition in broilers fed different dietary fatty acid profiles.Poult Sci2002; 81:1533–1542.
[29] Han Y, Baker H. Lysine requirements of fast-and slow-growing broiler chicks. Poult Sci1991; 70: 2108-2114.
[30] Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells M, Barroeta A, et al. n-3 Enrichment of chicken meat. 1. Use of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Chicken Diets and Their Influence on Meat Quality: Fish oil. Poult. Sci 2001; 80, 741-752.
[31] Waladkhani A, Clemens M, Bode J, et al.Effect of methionine on the fatty acid composition of cellular membranes in rats with chronic ethanol consumption and jejunoileal bypass. Alcohol Alcohol 1996. 31:463–469.
[32] Nwokolo, E.; SIM, J., 1989.Barley and full-fat canola seed in broiler diets. Poultry Science, v. 68, n. 10, p. 1374-1380.
[33] Thiruvenkadan A, Prabakaran R, Panneerselvam S. Broiler breeding strategies over the decades: An overview. World’s Poult. Sci 2011. J. 67:309–336.
[34] Schmidt M, Gomes PC, Rostagno HS, et al. Exigência nutricional de lisina digestível para poedeiras semipesadas no segundo ciclo de produção. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 2009; 38 (10):1956-1961.
[35] National Research council. Nutrient Re- uirements of Poult 9th Rev Edition. Natl. Acad. pres, Washington, Dc 1994.
[36] Zarate AJ, Moran ET, Burnham DJ. Exceeding essential amino acid requirements and improving their balance as a means to minimize heat stress in broilers. Applied Poultry Research 2003; 12:33-44.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:74776", author = "Ali Kiani and Seyed Davod. Sharifi and Shokoufeh Ghazanfari", title = "Influence of Canola Oil and Lysine Supplementation Diets on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Meat in Broiler Chicks", abstract = "A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different levels of lysine and canola oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of meat of broilers chicks. 240-day old Ross broiler chicks were used in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with canola oil (1, 3, and 5%) and lysine (recommended, and 25% more than recommended by Ross broiler manual) in completely randomized design with four replicates and 10 birds per each. The experimental diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded at the end of starter (10 d), grower (24 d) and finisher (42 d) periods, and feed conversion ratio was calculated. The results showed that the weight gain of chickens fed diets containing 5% canola oil were greater than those of birds fed on other diets (P", keywords = "Broiler, canola oil, lysine, fatty acid.", volume = "11", number = "2", pages = "134-7", }
