In vitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cymbopogon citratus
Alcohol and water extracts of Cymbopogon citratus
was investigated for anti-bacterial properties and phytochemical
constituents. The extract was screened against four gram-negative
bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and two grampositive bacteria Bacillus
subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at four different concentrations
(1:1, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial
examination was by disc diffusion techniques, while the
photochemical constituents were investigated using standard
chemical methods. Results showed that the extracts inhibited the
growth of standard and local strains of the organisms used. The
treatments were significantly different (P = 0.05). The minimum
inhibitory concentration of the extracts against the tested
microorganisms ranged between 150mg/ml and 50mg/ml. The
alcohol extracts were found to be generally more effective than the
water extract. The photochemical analysis revealed the presence of
alkaloids and phenol but absence of cardiac and cyanogenic
glycosides. The presence of alkaloid and phenols were inferred as
being responsible for the anti-bacterial properties of the extracts.
[1] P. Seenivasan., J. Manrckam I. Savarimuth. "In-vitro antibacterial
activity of some essential oils from plants. BMC Alternative Medicine"
2006, 6(39): 37-42.
[2] K.A Hammer, C, F Carson, T.V Riley). "Antimicrobial activity of
essential oils and other plant extracts". J. Appl. Microbiol. 1999- 86:
985- 990.
[3] O.O. Ojo, I.I Anibijuwon and O.O. Ojo. "Studies on Extracts of Three
Medicinal Plants of South- Western Nigeria: Hoslundia opposita,
Lantana camara and Cymbopogon citratus; Adv. in Nat. Appl.Sci., 4(1):
93-98, 2010.
[4] Sofowora, E.A. "Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa"
Spectrum books Ltd. John Wiley and sons. Nigera, 1992 pp: 134-156.
[5] F.A. Jones. "Herbs - useful plants. Their role in history and Today"
Euro J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:1227-123.
[6] J.E F Reynolds, "Martindale - the Extra Pharmacopoeia". 31st edition.
London. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 1996.
[7] M. Lis-Balchin, S.G Deans. "Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils
against Listeria monocytogenes". J. Appl Bacteriol 1997, 82:759-762.
[8] L.A Mitscher, S. Drake S, S.R Gollapudi, S.K Okwute. "A modern look
at folkloric use of anti-infective agents" J Nat Prod 1987, 50:1025-
1040.
[9] L.L Zaika "Spices and herbs: their antibacterial activity and its
Determination". J Food Saf 1988, 23:97-118.
[10] R.P Samy. "Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from
India". Fitoterapia, 2005 76: 697-699.
[11] N. Matan, H. Rimkeeree, A.J. Mawson, P Chompreeda, V.
Haruthaithanasan M. Parker. "Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon and
clove oils under modified atmosphere conditions". Int J Food Microbiol
2006, 107:180-185.
[12] P.Aureli, A. Costantini, S. Zolea. "Antibacterial activity of some plant
essential oils against Listeria monocytogences". J Food Prot 1992,
55:344-348.
[13] A.L. Adonizio, K. Downum, K, B.C. Bennett, K. Mathee. "Anti-quorum
sensing activity of medicinal plants in southern Florida". J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2006 105: 427-435.
[14] I. Ahmad, F Aqil. "In vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal
plants against ESL-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria".
Microbiol. Res., 2007 162: 264-275.
[15] M.N Indu, A.A.M Hatha, C. Abirosh, U. Harsha, G. Vivekanandan.
"Antimicrobial activity of some of the south-Indian spices against
serotypes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and
Aeromonas hydrophila". Braz. J. Microbiol., 2006 37: 153-158.
[16] J. Parekh, S.V. Chanda. "In vitro antimicrobial activity and
Phytochemical analysis of some Indian medicinal plants". Turk. J. Biol.
2007 31: 53-58.
[17] S. A Mitchell1, M. H Ahmad1. "A Review of Medicinal Plant Research
at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, 1948-2001". West Indian
Med J 2006; 55 (4): 243.
[18] C.A Michie. "The use of herbal remedies in Jamaica". Ann Trop
Paediatr 1992; 12: 31-6.
[19] O.O Aboaba, B, M Efuwape, "Antibacterial properties of some Nigerian
species". Bio. Res. Comm. 2001 13: 183-188.
[20] O.O Aboaba, S.I. Smith, F.O Olide FO. "Antimicrobial Effect of Edible
Plant Extract on Escherichia coli 0157:H7". Pak. J. Nutr. 2006 5(4):
325-329.
[21] W.M. Forbes, R.D Robinson, P. Reese, A. Mansingh. "Eryngium
foetidum (spirit weed) - the source of new and effective treatments
against human Strongyloides stercoralis infection". Proc 3rd Conf.,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, UWI, Mona, Jan 14-17, Kingston, Jamaica.
1997; 20-21.
[22] P.C Facey, K.O Pascoe, R.B Porter, A.D Jones AD. "Investigation of
plants used in Jamaican folk medicine for anti-bacterial activity". J
Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51: 1455-60.
[23] B.E. Leonard, H.S Sherratt . "Pharmacology of the alkaloidal fraction
from the bark of the Jamaican shade tree Pithecolobium samath Benth".
Nature 1961; 191: 287.
[24] S.C..Chhabra,, F.C. Usio and E.N. Mshiu, "Phytochemical Screening of
Tanzanian Medicinal plants". Journal of Ethnopharmacol.1984, 11: 157-
179.
[1] P. Seenivasan., J. Manrckam I. Savarimuth. "In-vitro antibacterial
activity of some essential oils from plants. BMC Alternative Medicine"
2006, 6(39): 37-42.
[2] K.A Hammer, C, F Carson, T.V Riley). "Antimicrobial activity of
essential oils and other plant extracts". J. Appl. Microbiol. 1999- 86:
985- 990.
[3] O.O. Ojo, I.I Anibijuwon and O.O. Ojo. "Studies on Extracts of Three
Medicinal Plants of South- Western Nigeria: Hoslundia opposita,
Lantana camara and Cymbopogon citratus; Adv. in Nat. Appl.Sci., 4(1):
93-98, 2010.
[4] Sofowora, E.A. "Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa"
Spectrum books Ltd. John Wiley and sons. Nigera, 1992 pp: 134-156.
[5] F.A. Jones. "Herbs - useful plants. Their role in history and Today"
Euro J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:1227-123.
[6] J.E F Reynolds, "Martindale - the Extra Pharmacopoeia". 31st edition.
London. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 1996.
[7] M. Lis-Balchin, S.G Deans. "Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils
against Listeria monocytogenes". J. Appl Bacteriol 1997, 82:759-762.
[8] L.A Mitscher, S. Drake S, S.R Gollapudi, S.K Okwute. "A modern look
at folkloric use of anti-infective agents" J Nat Prod 1987, 50:1025-
1040.
[9] L.L Zaika "Spices and herbs: their antibacterial activity and its
Determination". J Food Saf 1988, 23:97-118.
[10] R.P Samy. "Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from
India". Fitoterapia, 2005 76: 697-699.
[11] N. Matan, H. Rimkeeree, A.J. Mawson, P Chompreeda, V.
Haruthaithanasan M. Parker. "Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon and
clove oils under modified atmosphere conditions". Int J Food Microbiol
2006, 107:180-185.
[12] P.Aureli, A. Costantini, S. Zolea. "Antibacterial activity of some plant
essential oils against Listeria monocytogences". J Food Prot 1992,
55:344-348.
[13] A.L. Adonizio, K. Downum, K, B.C. Bennett, K. Mathee. "Anti-quorum
sensing activity of medicinal plants in southern Florida". J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2006 105: 427-435.
[14] I. Ahmad, F Aqil. "In vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal
plants against ESL-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria".
Microbiol. Res., 2007 162: 264-275.
[15] M.N Indu, A.A.M Hatha, C. Abirosh, U. Harsha, G. Vivekanandan.
"Antimicrobial activity of some of the south-Indian spices against
serotypes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and
Aeromonas hydrophila". Braz. J. Microbiol., 2006 37: 153-158.
[16] J. Parekh, S.V. Chanda. "In vitro antimicrobial activity and
Phytochemical analysis of some Indian medicinal plants". Turk. J. Biol.
2007 31: 53-58.
[17] S. A Mitchell1, M. H Ahmad1. "A Review of Medicinal Plant Research
at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, 1948-2001". West Indian
Med J 2006; 55 (4): 243.
[18] C.A Michie. "The use of herbal remedies in Jamaica". Ann Trop
Paediatr 1992; 12: 31-6.
[19] O.O Aboaba, B, M Efuwape, "Antibacterial properties of some Nigerian
species". Bio. Res. Comm. 2001 13: 183-188.
[20] O.O Aboaba, S.I. Smith, F.O Olide FO. "Antimicrobial Effect of Edible
Plant Extract on Escherichia coli 0157:H7". Pak. J. Nutr. 2006 5(4):
325-329.
[21] W.M. Forbes, R.D Robinson, P. Reese, A. Mansingh. "Eryngium
foetidum (spirit weed) - the source of new and effective treatments
against human Strongyloides stercoralis infection". Proc 3rd Conf.,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, UWI, Mona, Jan 14-17, Kingston, Jamaica.
1997; 20-21.
[22] P.C Facey, K.O Pascoe, R.B Porter, A.D Jones AD. "Investigation of
plants used in Jamaican folk medicine for anti-bacterial activity". J
Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51: 1455-60.
[23] B.E. Leonard, H.S Sherratt . "Pharmacology of the alkaloidal fraction
from the bark of the Jamaican shade tree Pithecolobium samath Benth".
Nature 1961; 191: 287.
[24] S.C..Chhabra,, F.C. Usio and E.N. Mshiu, "Phytochemical Screening of
Tanzanian Medicinal plants". Journal of Ethnopharmacol.1984, 11: 157-
179.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:62565", author = "C.K. Hindumathy", title = "In vitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cymbopogon citratus", abstract = "Alcohol and water extracts of Cymbopogon citratus
was investigated for anti-bacterial properties and phytochemical
constituents. The extract was screened against four gram-negative
bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and two grampositive bacteria Bacillus
subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at four different concentrations
(1:1, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial
examination was by disc diffusion techniques, while the
photochemical constituents were investigated using standard
chemical methods. Results showed that the extracts inhibited the
growth of standard and local strains of the organisms used. The
treatments were significantly different (P = 0.05). The minimum
inhibitory concentration of the extracts against the tested
microorganisms ranged between 150mg/ml and 50mg/ml. The
alcohol extracts were found to be generally more effective than the
water extract. The photochemical analysis revealed the presence of
alkaloids and phenol but absence of cardiac and cyanogenic
glycosides. The presence of alkaloid and phenols were inferred as
being responsible for the anti-bacterial properties of the extracts.", keywords = "Cymbopogon citratus; gram negative and grampositive", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "75-5", }