In Cognitive Radio the Analysis of Bit-Error- Rate (BER) by using PSO Algorithm
The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural resource
and hence well-organized usage of the limited natural resources is the
necessities for better communication. The present static frequency
allocation schemes cannot accommodate demands of the rapidly
increasing number of higher data rate services. Therefore, dynamic
usage of the spectrum must be distinguished from the static usage to
increase the availability of frequency spectrum. Cognitive radio is not
a single piece of apparatus but it is a technology that can incorporate
components spread across a network. It offers great promise for
improving system efficiency, spectrum utilization, more effective
applications, reduction in interference and reduced complexity of
usage for users. Cognitive radio is aware of its environmental,
internal state, and location, and autonomously adjusts its operations
to achieve designed objectives. It first senses its spectral environment
over a wide frequency band, and then adapts the parameters to
maximize spectrum efficiency with high performance. This paper
only focuses on the analysis of Bit-Error-Rate in cognitive radio by
using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. It is theoretically as
well as practically analyzed and interpreted in the sense of
advantages and drawbacks and how BER affects the efficiency and
performance of the communication system.
[1] P. Mannion, "Smart radios stretch spectrum," in Electronic Engineering
Times (EETimes), vol. 2006: A Global Sources and CMP joint venture,
2006.
[2] www.ebooksdownloadfree.com/.../cognitive-radio-technology-Bruce
Fette.
[3] www.ebooksdownloadfree.com/.../ Particle Swarm Optimization and
swarm intelligence by Kennedy and Eberhart.
[4] J. Mitola, "Cognitive radio: An integrated agent architecture for
software defined radio," Doctor of Technology, Royal Inst. Technol.
(KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
[5] T. R. Shields, "SDR Update," Global Standards Collaboration, Sophia
Antipolis, France, Powerpoint Presentation GSC10_grsc3(05)20, 28
August - 2 September 2005.
[6] P. Kolodzy, "Definition of Cognitive Radios." Hoboken, NJ: Wireless
Network Security Center (WiNSeC) of the Stevens Institute of
Technology, 2005.
[7] K. Nolan and J. Grosspietsch, "Cognitive Radio WG," SDR Forum,
Brussels, Belgium, Powerpoint Presentation 14 September 2005.
[8] Digham, F., M. Alouini, and M. Simon. 2003. On the energy detection
of unknown signals over fading channels. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on
Communications. 5: 3575-3579.
[9] Digham,F., M. Alouini, and M. Simon. 2007. On the Energy Detection
of Unknown Signals Over Fading Channels IEEE Transactions on
Communications 55: 21-24
[10] Federal Communications Commission-s, "Spectrum policy task force
report (ET Docket No. 02-135)," Nov. 2002.
[11] S. Haykin, "Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless
communications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,
vol. 23, pp. 201-220, Feb. 2005.
[12] S. K. Yadav, K. C. Roy, "Tradeoff analysis of bit-error-rate in cognitive
radio based on genetic algorithm", International Journal of Computer
Science Issues (IJCSI), Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 3, January 2012, 1694-0814
[13] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[14] P. Kolodzy et al., "Next generation communications: Kickoff meeting,"
in Proc. DARPA, Oct. 17, 2001.
[15] M. McHenry, "Frequency agile spectrum access technologies," in FCC
Workshop Cogn. Radio, May 19, 2003.
[16] G. Staple and K. Werbach, "The end of spectrum scarcity," IEEE
Spectrum, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 48-52, Mar. 2004.
[17] J. Mitola et al., "Cognitive radio: Making software radios more
personal," IEEE Pers. Commun., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 13-18, Aug. 1999.
[18] A. Ralston and E. D. Reilly, Encyclopedia of Computer Science. New
York: Van Nostrand, 1993, pp. 186-186.
[19] R. Pfeifer and C. Scheier, Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press, 1999, pp. 5-6.
[20] M. A. Fischler and O. Firschein, Intelligence: The Brain, and the
Computer, ser. MA. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1987, p. 81.
[21] B. Fette, "Technical challenges and opportunities," presented at the
Conf. Cogn. Radio, Las Vegas, NV, Mar. 15-16, 2004.
[22] J. Mitola, Ed., "Special issue on software radio," in IEEE Commun.
Mag., May 1995.
[23] Software Defined Radio: Origins, Drivers, and International
Perspectives, W. Tuttlebee, Ed., Wiley, New York, 2002.
[24] Software Defined Radio: Architectures, Systems and
Functions,M.Milliger et al., Eds., Wiley, New York, 2003.
[25] FCC, Cognitive Radio Workshop, May 19, 2003, [Online].Available:
http://www.fcc.gov/searchtools.html.
[26] Proc. Conf. Cogn. Radios, Las Vegas, NV, Mar. 15-16, 2004. York:
Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[27] Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R. C., & Shi, Y., 2001, Swarm Intelligence.
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA
[28] Kennedy, J. & Eberhart, R. C., 1995, "Particle Swarm Optimization." In
Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks,
Perth, Australia, IEEE Service Center, 12-13.
[1] P. Mannion, "Smart radios stretch spectrum," in Electronic Engineering
Times (EETimes), vol. 2006: A Global Sources and CMP joint venture,
2006.
[2] www.ebooksdownloadfree.com/.../cognitive-radio-technology-Bruce
Fette.
[3] www.ebooksdownloadfree.com/.../ Particle Swarm Optimization and
swarm intelligence by Kennedy and Eberhart.
[4] J. Mitola, "Cognitive radio: An integrated agent architecture for
software defined radio," Doctor of Technology, Royal Inst. Technol.
(KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
[5] T. R. Shields, "SDR Update," Global Standards Collaboration, Sophia
Antipolis, France, Powerpoint Presentation GSC10_grsc3(05)20, 28
August - 2 September 2005.
[6] P. Kolodzy, "Definition of Cognitive Radios." Hoboken, NJ: Wireless
Network Security Center (WiNSeC) of the Stevens Institute of
Technology, 2005.
[7] K. Nolan and J. Grosspietsch, "Cognitive Radio WG," SDR Forum,
Brussels, Belgium, Powerpoint Presentation 14 September 2005.
[8] Digham, F., M. Alouini, and M. Simon. 2003. On the energy detection
of unknown signals over fading channels. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on
Communications. 5: 3575-3579.
[9] Digham,F., M. Alouini, and M. Simon. 2007. On the Energy Detection
of Unknown Signals Over Fading Channels IEEE Transactions on
Communications 55: 21-24
[10] Federal Communications Commission-s, "Spectrum policy task force
report (ET Docket No. 02-135)," Nov. 2002.
[11] S. Haykin, "Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless
communications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,
vol. 23, pp. 201-220, Feb. 2005.
[12] S. K. Yadav, K. C. Roy, "Tradeoff analysis of bit-error-rate in cognitive
radio based on genetic algorithm", International Journal of Computer
Science Issues (IJCSI), Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 3, January 2012, 1694-0814
[13] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[14] P. Kolodzy et al., "Next generation communications: Kickoff meeting,"
in Proc. DARPA, Oct. 17, 2001.
[15] M. McHenry, "Frequency agile spectrum access technologies," in FCC
Workshop Cogn. Radio, May 19, 2003.
[16] G. Staple and K. Werbach, "The end of spectrum scarcity," IEEE
Spectrum, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 48-52, Mar. 2004.
[17] J. Mitola et al., "Cognitive radio: Making software radios more
personal," IEEE Pers. Commun., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 13-18, Aug. 1999.
[18] A. Ralston and E. D. Reilly, Encyclopedia of Computer Science. New
York: Van Nostrand, 1993, pp. 186-186.
[19] R. Pfeifer and C. Scheier, Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press, 1999, pp. 5-6.
[20] M. A. Fischler and O. Firschein, Intelligence: The Brain, and the
Computer, ser. MA. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1987, p. 81.
[21] B. Fette, "Technical challenges and opportunities," presented at the
Conf. Cogn. Radio, Las Vegas, NV, Mar. 15-16, 2004.
[22] J. Mitola, Ed., "Special issue on software radio," in IEEE Commun.
Mag., May 1995.
[23] Software Defined Radio: Origins, Drivers, and International
Perspectives, W. Tuttlebee, Ed., Wiley, New York, 2002.
[24] Software Defined Radio: Architectures, Systems and
Functions,M.Milliger et al., Eds., Wiley, New York, 2003.
[25] FCC, Cognitive Radio Workshop, May 19, 2003, [Online].Available:
http://www.fcc.gov/searchtools.html.
[26] Proc. Conf. Cogn. Radios, Las Vegas, NV, Mar. 15-16, 2004. York:
Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[27] Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R. C., & Shi, Y., 2001, Swarm Intelligence.
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA
[28] Kennedy, J. & Eberhart, R. C., 1995, "Particle Swarm Optimization." In
Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks,
Perth, Australia, IEEE Service Center, 12-13.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:58437", author = "Shrikrishan Yadav and Akhilesh Saini and Krishna Chandra Roy", title = "In Cognitive Radio the Analysis of Bit-Error- Rate (BER) by using PSO Algorithm", abstract = "The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural resource
and hence well-organized usage of the limited natural resources is the
necessities for better communication. The present static frequency
allocation schemes cannot accommodate demands of the rapidly
increasing number of higher data rate services. Therefore, dynamic
usage of the spectrum must be distinguished from the static usage to
increase the availability of frequency spectrum. Cognitive radio is not
a single piece of apparatus but it is a technology that can incorporate
components spread across a network. It offers great promise for
improving system efficiency, spectrum utilization, more effective
applications, reduction in interference and reduced complexity of
usage for users. Cognitive radio is aware of its environmental,
internal state, and location, and autonomously adjusts its operations
to achieve designed objectives. It first senses its spectral environment
over a wide frequency band, and then adapts the parameters to
maximize spectrum efficiency with high performance. This paper
only focuses on the analysis of Bit-Error-Rate in cognitive radio by
using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. It is theoretically as
well as practically analyzed and interpreted in the sense of
advantages and drawbacks and how BER affects the efficiency and
performance of the communication system.", keywords = "BER, Cognitive Radio, Environmental Parameters,
PSO, Radio spectrum, Transmission Parameters", volume = "6", number = "8", pages = "826-4", }
