Improving Production Traits for El-Salam and Mandarah Chicken Strains by Crossing II-Estimation of Crossbreeding Effects on Egg Production and Egg Quality Traits
A crossbreeding experiment was carried out between two Egyptian strains of chickens namely Mandarah (MM) and El-Salam (SS). The two purebred strains and their reciprocal crosses (MS and SM) were used to estimate the effect of crossing on egg laying and egg quality parameters, direct additive and maternal additive effects as well as heterosis and direct heterosis percentages for studied traits. Results revealed that SM cross recorded the highest significant averages for most of egg production traits including body weight at sexual maturity (BW1), egg numbers at first 90 days, 42 weeks and 65 weeks of age (EN1, EN2 and EN3; respectively), egg weight at 90 days, 42 weeks of age (EW1 and EW2), egg mass at 90 days, 42 weeks and 65 weeks of age (EM1, EM2 and EM3; respectively), feed conversion ratio to egg production at 90 days , 42 weeks and 65 weeks of age (FCR1, FCR2 and FCR3; respectively), fertility and commercial hatchability percentages. Moreover, SM line reached the age sexual maturity (ASM) and period to the first ten eggs (Pf10 egg) at earlier age than other lines. On the other hand, crossing did not well improve egg quality parameters. Estimates and percentages of direct additive effect (GI) were negative for most of the studied traits except for EN1, EN2, EN3, FCR3, fertility, scientific and commercial hatchability percentages that were positive. But Estimates and percentages of maternal heterosis (Gm) were positive for all the studied traits of egg production, except for BW2, BW3, ASM, Pf10, FCR1, FCR2, FCR3 and scientific hatchability that were negative. Also, positive estimates and percentages of heterosis were recorded for most of egg production and egg quality traits. It was concluded that using of SS strain as a sire line and MM strain as a dam line resulting in best new commercial egg line (SM) which is of great concern for poultry breeder in Egypt.
[1] M. M. Iraqi, E. A. Afifi, A. M. El-Labban and M. Afram ‘‘Heterotic and
genetic components in 4x4 diallel mating experiment for egg production
traits in chickens,’’ 4th World Poultry Conference 27 - 30 March 2007,
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
[2] R. L. Willham, and E.Pollak ‘‘Heterosis and crossbreeding,’’ Dairy Sci.
1985, (68): 2411–2417.
[3] M. S. Hanafi and M. M. Iraqi ‘‘Evaluation of purebreds, heterosis,
combining abilities, maternal and sex-linked effects for some productive
and reproductive traits in chickens,’’ 2nd international Conference on
Animal Production and Health in Semi-Arid Areas, 4-6 September, El-
Arish-North-Sinai, Egypt, 2001, 545-555. Egypt.
[4] D. M. Mekki, I. A. Yousif, M. K. Abdel Rahman, J. Wang and H. H.
Musa, ‘‘Growth performance of indigenous X exotic crosses of chicken
and evaluation of general and specific combining ability under Sudan
condition,’’ Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2005, (4): 468-471.
[5] Z. A. Ezzeldin and A. F. El-Labban ‘‘Egg weight and egg characteristics
of purebred and crossbred chickens. Third Egypt British conference on
Animal, Fish and poultry production Alexandria,’’ 7-10 October, 1989,
983-992.
[6] M. E. Nawar and F. H. Abdou ‘‘Analysis of heterotic gene action and
maternal effects in crossbred Fayoumi chickens,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci.
1999, (10): 671-689.
[7] M. E. Nawar and M. Bahie El-Deen‘‘A comparative study of some
economical traits of seven genotypes of chickens under intensive
production system,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2000, (20): 1031-1045.
[8] M.A. Kosba‘‘Hetrosis and phenotypic correlation for shank length, body
weight and egg production traits in Alexandria strain and their crosses
with Fayoumi chickens,’’ Alex. J. Agric. Res. 1978, (26): 29-41.
[9] M. A. Islam, S. M. Bulbuli, G. Seeland and A. B. Islam ‘‘Egg quality of
different chicken genotypes in summer and winter,’’ Pak. J. Bid. Sci.
2001, (4): 1411-1414.
[10] M. M. Iraqi ‘‘Genetic evaluation for egg quality traits in crossbreeding
experiment involving Mandarah and Matrouh chickens using animal
model,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2002, (22): 711-726.
[11] K. M. YousriaAfifi, O. M. Aly and Nazla Y. Abou El-Ella. ‘‘Effect of
crossing on the performance of local chicken strain. 4- Effect of strain
and laying age on egg quality characteristics,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2010,
(30): 1171-1188.
[12] L. Zita, E. Tumova and L. Stolc‘‘Effect of genotype, age and their
interaction on egg quality in Brown-egg laying hens,’’ Actavet, Brno,
2009, (78): 85-91.
[13] H.Basmacioglu and M. Ergul‘‘Research on the factors affecting
cholesterol content and some other characteristics of eggs in laying hens
– the effect of genotype and rearing system,’’ Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,
2005, (29), 157–164.
[14] A. I. El-Turky, Y. M. Kader, N. Z. Mohana, L. Gohar and I. F.
Sayed‘‘Certain factor affecting rate of weight loss in incubated eggs,’’
Agric. Res. Rev. Cairo. 1981, (59):29-44.
[15] A. A. El-Srwy ‘‘Studies in poultry production. Effect of crossing on
fertility, hatchability and egg quality of Dandarawy chickens,’’ 1980,
M.Sc. Thesis. Fac. of Agric. Univ. of Mansoura, Egypt.
[16] C. Hartmann, K. Johansson, E. Strandberg and M. Wilhelmson. “Onegeneration
divergent selection on large and small yolk proportions in a
white Leghorn Line,” Br. Poult. Sci. 2000, (41): 280-286.
[17] L. C. Zhang, Z. H. Ning, G. Y. Xu, Z. C. Hou and N. Yang
“Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlation of egg quality
traits in Brown-egg Dwarf layers,’’Poult Sci. 2005, (84): 1209-1213.
[18] E. M. Abd EI-Gawad ‘‘The "Mandarah" a new breed of chickens,’’
Egypt. Poult. Sci. 1981, (1): 16-22.
[19] E. M. Abd-El-Gawad, M. M. Ali, N. Y. Abou El-Ella, M. M.
Balatandand K. M. Omran “El-Salam A new breed of chickens,” Agric.
Res. Rev. Cairo, 1983, (61): 147-157.
[20] SAS “User’s Guide Statistics,”2004, SAS Institute INC., Cary, NC,
USA.
[21] G. E. Dickerson ‘‘Manual for evaluation of selection theory in poultry,’’
Genet. Today. 1992, (3): 747-761.
[22] M. A. Mandour, G. A. Abd-allah and M. M. Sharaf ‘‘Effect of
crossbreeding in some carcass traits of native and standard breeds of
chickens,’’Egypt. Poult. Sci. 1996, 16 (1): 171-185.
[23] A. A. Mohamed ‘‘Effect of diallel crosses on poultry performance,’’
2003, M. Sci. Thesis Fac. Of Agric. Alex. University, Egypt.
[24] E. M. Amin ‘‘Effect of crossing between native and a commercial
chicken strain on egg production traits,’’Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, 28 (1):
27-349.
[25] S. M. El-Soudany, E. F. Abde-Hamid, M. M. Fathi and M. F. Amer
“Effect of crossbreeding between two developed local strains of
chickens on laying performance,” Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2003, 23 (II): 409-
419.
[26] M. M. Iraqi ‘‘Estimation of cross breeding effects for egg production
traits in crossbreeding experiment involving two local strains of
chickens,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, (28):876-882.
[27] R. S. Abou El-Ghar, H. M. Shalan, H. H. Ghanem and O. M. Aly‘‘Egg
quality characteristics from some developed strains of chickens and their
crosses,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2009, (29): 1173-1186.
[28] M. M Iraqi, M. H. Khalil and M. M. El-Attrouny‘‘Estimation of
crossbreeding parameters for egg production traits in crossing Golden
Montazah with White Leghorn chicken,’’ Livestock Research Rural
Development. 2012, 24 (4), http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/4/iraq24055.htm
[29] O. M. Aly, H. H. Ghanem, Y. K. Afifi, N. Y. Abou El-Ella and M. M.
Balat ‘‘Selection for improving egg production in Mandarah chickens.
4-Direct and correlated response for some economic traits for four
generations of selection,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2010, (30): 137-156.
[30] M. A. Kosba and H. A. H, Abd El-Halim ‘‘Evaluation of the Egyptian
local strains of chickens,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, (28): 1239-1251.
[31] W. S. El-Tahawy‘‘Genetically improvement of some productive and
reproductive traits in local chicken,’’2000, M. Sc. Thesis. Fac. of Agric.,
Alex. Univ., Egypt.
[32] A. F. M. El-Labban‘‘Genetic Study of egg laying performance in four
locally developed strains of chickens,’’ Journal of Agriculture Science
Mansoura University 2000, 25 (6) 3187 - 3195.
[33] M. G. El-sisy ‘‘Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for
some productive traits in poultry,’’ 2001, Ph. D. Thesis. Fac. Of Agric.
At Moshtohor, Zagazig Univ. Egypt.
[34] H. H. Ghanem, O. M. Aly and R. S. Abou El-Ghar‘‘Matrouh as a
common parent in crossing with some local strains of chickens: IIHeteriosis,
additive and maternal effects on some egg production traits,’’
Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, (28): 205-221.
[35] M. S. Hanafi ‘‘Egg characteristics as affected by egg weight in New
Hampshire and White Leghorn chickens,’’Egypt, J. Anim. Prod. 1981,
(21): 135-153.
[36] M. K. Khalil, A. H. Al-Homidan and I. H. Hermes ‘‘Crossbreeding
components in age at first egg and egg production for crossing Saudi
chickens with White Leghorn,’’Livestock Research for Rural
Development 2004,http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd16/1/khal161.htm
[37] A. Bordas, P. Merat, and F. Minviele‘‘Heterosis in egg- laying lines
under divergent selection for residual feed consumption,’’Poult. Sci.
1996, (75):20- 24.
[38] H. A. Hassan ‘‘Estimation of heterosis and predicated breeding values
for traits of egg production in chickens using Multi-trit Animal Model,’’
2008, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. Banha Univ.
[39] R. W.Fairfull and R. S. Gowe, In: R. D. Crawford (Ed.) ‘‘Poultry
Breeding and Genetics,’’ 1990, p 705. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
[1] M. M. Iraqi, E. A. Afifi, A. M. El-Labban and M. Afram ‘‘Heterotic and
genetic components in 4x4 diallel mating experiment for egg production
traits in chickens,’’ 4th World Poultry Conference 27 - 30 March 2007,
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
[2] R. L. Willham, and E.Pollak ‘‘Heterosis and crossbreeding,’’ Dairy Sci.
1985, (68): 2411–2417.
[3] M. S. Hanafi and M. M. Iraqi ‘‘Evaluation of purebreds, heterosis,
combining abilities, maternal and sex-linked effects for some productive
and reproductive traits in chickens,’’ 2nd international Conference on
Animal Production and Health in Semi-Arid Areas, 4-6 September, El-
Arish-North-Sinai, Egypt, 2001, 545-555. Egypt.
[4] D. M. Mekki, I. A. Yousif, M. K. Abdel Rahman, J. Wang and H. H.
Musa, ‘‘Growth performance of indigenous X exotic crosses of chicken
and evaluation of general and specific combining ability under Sudan
condition,’’ Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2005, (4): 468-471.
[5] Z. A. Ezzeldin and A. F. El-Labban ‘‘Egg weight and egg characteristics
of purebred and crossbred chickens. Third Egypt British conference on
Animal, Fish and poultry production Alexandria,’’ 7-10 October, 1989,
983-992.
[6] M. E. Nawar and F. H. Abdou ‘‘Analysis of heterotic gene action and
maternal effects in crossbred Fayoumi chickens,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci.
1999, (10): 671-689.
[7] M. E. Nawar and M. Bahie El-Deen‘‘A comparative study of some
economical traits of seven genotypes of chickens under intensive
production system,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2000, (20): 1031-1045.
[8] M.A. Kosba‘‘Hetrosis and phenotypic correlation for shank length, body
weight and egg production traits in Alexandria strain and their crosses
with Fayoumi chickens,’’ Alex. J. Agric. Res. 1978, (26): 29-41.
[9] M. A. Islam, S. M. Bulbuli, G. Seeland and A. B. Islam ‘‘Egg quality of
different chicken genotypes in summer and winter,’’ Pak. J. Bid. Sci.
2001, (4): 1411-1414.
[10] M. M. Iraqi ‘‘Genetic evaluation for egg quality traits in crossbreeding
experiment involving Mandarah and Matrouh chickens using animal
model,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2002, (22): 711-726.
[11] K. M. YousriaAfifi, O. M. Aly and Nazla Y. Abou El-Ella. ‘‘Effect of
crossing on the performance of local chicken strain. 4- Effect of strain
and laying age on egg quality characteristics,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2010,
(30): 1171-1188.
[12] L. Zita, E. Tumova and L. Stolc‘‘Effect of genotype, age and their
interaction on egg quality in Brown-egg laying hens,’’ Actavet, Brno,
2009, (78): 85-91.
[13] H.Basmacioglu and M. Ergul‘‘Research on the factors affecting
cholesterol content and some other characteristics of eggs in laying hens
– the effect of genotype and rearing system,’’ Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,
2005, (29), 157–164.
[14] A. I. El-Turky, Y. M. Kader, N. Z. Mohana, L. Gohar and I. F.
Sayed‘‘Certain factor affecting rate of weight loss in incubated eggs,’’
Agric. Res. Rev. Cairo. 1981, (59):29-44.
[15] A. A. El-Srwy ‘‘Studies in poultry production. Effect of crossing on
fertility, hatchability and egg quality of Dandarawy chickens,’’ 1980,
M.Sc. Thesis. Fac. of Agric. Univ. of Mansoura, Egypt.
[16] C. Hartmann, K. Johansson, E. Strandberg and M. Wilhelmson. “Onegeneration
divergent selection on large and small yolk proportions in a
white Leghorn Line,” Br. Poult. Sci. 2000, (41): 280-286.
[17] L. C. Zhang, Z. H. Ning, G. Y. Xu, Z. C. Hou and N. Yang
“Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlation of egg quality
traits in Brown-egg Dwarf layers,’’Poult Sci. 2005, (84): 1209-1213.
[18] E. M. Abd EI-Gawad ‘‘The "Mandarah" a new breed of chickens,’’
Egypt. Poult. Sci. 1981, (1): 16-22.
[19] E. M. Abd-El-Gawad, M. M. Ali, N. Y. Abou El-Ella, M. M.
Balatandand K. M. Omran “El-Salam A new breed of chickens,” Agric.
Res. Rev. Cairo, 1983, (61): 147-157.
[20] SAS “User’s Guide Statistics,”2004, SAS Institute INC., Cary, NC,
USA.
[21] G. E. Dickerson ‘‘Manual for evaluation of selection theory in poultry,’’
Genet. Today. 1992, (3): 747-761.
[22] M. A. Mandour, G. A. Abd-allah and M. M. Sharaf ‘‘Effect of
crossbreeding in some carcass traits of native and standard breeds of
chickens,’’Egypt. Poult. Sci. 1996, 16 (1): 171-185.
[23] A. A. Mohamed ‘‘Effect of diallel crosses on poultry performance,’’
2003, M. Sci. Thesis Fac. Of Agric. Alex. University, Egypt.
[24] E. M. Amin ‘‘Effect of crossing between native and a commercial
chicken strain on egg production traits,’’Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, 28 (1):
27-349.
[25] S. M. El-Soudany, E. F. Abde-Hamid, M. M. Fathi and M. F. Amer
“Effect of crossbreeding between two developed local strains of
chickens on laying performance,” Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2003, 23 (II): 409-
419.
[26] M. M. Iraqi ‘‘Estimation of cross breeding effects for egg production
traits in crossbreeding experiment involving two local strains of
chickens,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, (28):876-882.
[27] R. S. Abou El-Ghar, H. M. Shalan, H. H. Ghanem and O. M. Aly‘‘Egg
quality characteristics from some developed strains of chickens and their
crosses,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2009, (29): 1173-1186.
[28] M. M Iraqi, M. H. Khalil and M. M. El-Attrouny‘‘Estimation of
crossbreeding parameters for egg production traits in crossing Golden
Montazah with White Leghorn chicken,’’ Livestock Research Rural
Development. 2012, 24 (4), http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/4/iraq24055.htm
[29] O. M. Aly, H. H. Ghanem, Y. K. Afifi, N. Y. Abou El-Ella and M. M.
Balat ‘‘Selection for improving egg production in Mandarah chickens.
4-Direct and correlated response for some economic traits for four
generations of selection,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2010, (30): 137-156.
[30] M. A. Kosba and H. A. H, Abd El-Halim ‘‘Evaluation of the Egyptian
local strains of chickens,’’ Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, (28): 1239-1251.
[31] W. S. El-Tahawy‘‘Genetically improvement of some productive and
reproductive traits in local chicken,’’2000, M. Sc. Thesis. Fac. of Agric.,
Alex. Univ., Egypt.
[32] A. F. M. El-Labban‘‘Genetic Study of egg laying performance in four
locally developed strains of chickens,’’ Journal of Agriculture Science
Mansoura University 2000, 25 (6) 3187 - 3195.
[33] M. G. El-sisy ‘‘Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for
some productive traits in poultry,’’ 2001, Ph. D. Thesis. Fac. Of Agric.
At Moshtohor, Zagazig Univ. Egypt.
[34] H. H. Ghanem, O. M. Aly and R. S. Abou El-Ghar‘‘Matrouh as a
common parent in crossing with some local strains of chickens: IIHeteriosis,
additive and maternal effects on some egg production traits,’’
Egypt. Poult. Sci. 2008, (28): 205-221.
[35] M. S. Hanafi ‘‘Egg characteristics as affected by egg weight in New
Hampshire and White Leghorn chickens,’’Egypt, J. Anim. Prod. 1981,
(21): 135-153.
[36] M. K. Khalil, A. H. Al-Homidan and I. H. Hermes ‘‘Crossbreeding
components in age at first egg and egg production for crossing Saudi
chickens with White Leghorn,’’Livestock Research for Rural
Development 2004,http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd16/1/khal161.htm
[37] A. Bordas, P. Merat, and F. Minviele‘‘Heterosis in egg- laying lines
under divergent selection for residual feed consumption,’’Poult. Sci.
1996, (75):20- 24.
[38] H. A. Hassan ‘‘Estimation of heterosis and predicated breeding values
for traits of egg production in chickens using Multi-trit Animal Model,’’
2008, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. Banha Univ.
[39] R. W.Fairfull and R. S. Gowe, In: R. D. Crawford (Ed.) ‘‘Poultry
Breeding and Genetics,’’ 1990, p 705. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:65355", author = "Ayman E. Taha and Fawzy A. Abd El-Ghany", title = "Improving Production Traits for El-Salam and Mandarah Chicken Strains by Crossing II-Estimation of Crossbreeding Effects on Egg Production and Egg Quality Traits", abstract = "A crossbreeding experiment was carried out between two Egyptian strains of chickens namely Mandarah (MM) and El-Salam (SS). The two purebred strains and their reciprocal crosses (MS and SM) were used to estimate the effect of crossing on egg laying and egg quality parameters, direct additive and maternal additive effects as well as heterosis and direct heterosis percentages for studied traits. Results revealed that SM cross recorded the highest significant averages for most of egg production traits including body weight at sexual maturity (BW1), egg numbers at first 90 days, 42 weeks and 65 weeks of age (EN1, EN2 and EN3; respectively), egg weight at 90 days, 42 weeks of age (EW1 and EW2), egg mass at 90 days, 42 weeks and 65 weeks of age (EM1, EM2 and EM3; respectively), feed conversion ratio to egg production at 90 days , 42 weeks and 65 weeks of age (FCR1, FCR2 and FCR3; respectively), fertility and commercial hatchability percentages. Moreover, SM line reached the age sexual maturity (ASM) and period to the first ten eggs (Pf10 egg) at earlier age than other lines. On the other hand, crossing did not well improve egg quality parameters. Estimates and percentages of direct additive effect (GI) were negative for most of the studied traits except for EN1, EN2, EN3, FCR3, fertility, scientific and commercial hatchability percentages that were positive. But Estimates and percentages of maternal heterosis (Gm) were positive for all the studied traits of egg production, except for BW2, BW3, ASM, Pf10, FCR1, FCR2, FCR3 and scientific hatchability that were negative. Also, positive estimates and percentages of heterosis were recorded for most of egg production and egg quality traits. It was concluded that using of SS strain as a sire line and MM strain as a dam line resulting in best new commercial egg line (SM) which is of great concern for poultry breeder in Egypt.
", keywords = "Mandarahand El-Salam chickens, Crossing, Egg production, Egg quality, Crossbreeding components.", volume = "7", number = "10", pages = "982-6", }
