Impact of Two Herbal Seeds Supplementation on Growth Performance and Some Biochemical Blood and Tissue Parameters of Broiler Chickens
The effects of basil and/or chamomile seed
supplementation on the growth of Hubbard broiler chicks were
evaluated. The antioxidant effects of these supplements were also
assessed. 120 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into
four equal groups. The control group (group 1) was fed a basal diet
(BD) without supplementation. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed the BD
supplemented with 10g basil, 10g chamomile, and 5g basil plus 5g
chamomile per kg of food, respectively. Basil supplementation alone
or in combination with chamomile non-significantly (P≥0.05)
increased final body weight (3.2% and 0.3%, respectively) and
weight gain (3.5% and 3.6%, respectively) over the experimental
period. Chamomile supplementation alone non-significantly (P≥0.05)
reduced final body weight and weight gain over the experimental
period by 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively. In comparison to the control
group, herbal seed supplementation reduced feed intake and
improved the feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. In
general, basil seed supplementation stimulated chicken growth and
improved the feed efficiency more effectively than chamomile seed
supplementation. The antioxidant activities of basil and/or chamomile
supplementation were examined in the thymus, bursa, and spleen. In
chickens that received supplements, the level of malondialdehyde
was significantly decreased, whereas the activities of glutathione,
superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased
(P<0.05). Supplementation of basil and/or chamomile did not affect
blood protein levels, but had lipid-lowering effects as evidenced by
reduced serum levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. In
conclusion, supplementation of basil and/or chamomile improved
growth parameters in broiler chicks and had antioxidant and blood
lipid-lowering effects. These beneficial effects of basil and/or
chamomile supplementation resulted in economically viable
production of high-quality white meat containing no harmful
residues.
[1] C. A. Rice-Evans, N. J. Miller and G. Paganga, “Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids” Free Radical
Biology and Medicine. 1996, (20): 933-956.
[2] B. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, H. P. Kim and M. Y. Heo, “Biological screening
of 100 plants for cosmetic use (II): antioxidative activity and free radical
scavenging activity” International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1977,
(19): 299-307.
[3] J. Z. Ansari, U. H. Ahsan, Y. Muhammad, A. Tanveer and K. Sarzamin,
“Evaluation of different medicinal plants as growth promoters for broiler
chicks” Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2008, (24): 323-329.
[4] P. N. Onu, “Evaluation of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher
broilers” Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2010, (26): 383-392.
[5] W. B. Phippen and J. E. Simon, “Anthocyanin inheritance and instability
in purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Heredity. 2010,(91):
289-296.
[6] J. A. Rabia, “Effect of Using Fenugreek, Parsley and Sweet Basil Seeds
as Feed Additives on the Performance of Broiler Chickens" International
Journal of Poultry Science. 2010, (9): 278-282.
[7] I. M. Abaza, M. A. Asar, G. E. El-Shaarrawi and M. F. Hassan, “Effect
of using nigella seed, chamomile flowers, thyme flowers and harmala
seed as feed additives on performance of broiler” Egyptian Journal of
Agriculture Research., 2003, 81: 735-749.
[8] M. I. Abaza, N. M. Ali and S. M. Hassan, “Nutritional and physiological
studies on improving the utilization of wheat bran in laying hen diets”
Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 2004, (24): 1015-1031.
[9] G. A. M. Al-Kaisse and E. K. Khalel, “The potency of chamomile
flowers (Matericaria chamomilla L.) as feed supplements (growth
promoters) on productive performance and hematological parameters
constituents of broiler” International Journal of Poultry Science. 2011,
(10): 726-729.
[10] F. B. Onwurah, G. S. Ojewola and S. Akomas, “Effect of basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) oncoccidial infection in broiler chicks” Academic
Research International. 2011, 1: 438-442.
[11] NRC, “National Research Council: Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th
Ed.” 1994, National Academy press, Washington, DC.
[12] J.Sedlack and R. H. Lindsay, “Estimation of total protein bound and
non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissues with Ellman reagent” Analytical
Biochemistry. 1968, (86): 271-278.
[13] Z. A. Placer, L. Crushman, B. C. Son, “Estimation of product of lipid
peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in biochemical system” Analytical
Biochemistry. 1966, (16): 359-364.
[14] H. P. Misra and I. Fridovich, “The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation
of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase”.
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1972, (247): 3170-3175.
[15] A. K. Sinha, “Calorimetric assay of catalase” Analytical Biochemistry.
1971, (47): 389-394.
[16] SAS, “Users guide statistics” As. Institute Cary, North Carolina. USA.
2004.
[17] R. K. Murray, D. K. Granner, P. A. Mayes and V. W. Rodwell, “The
text book of harpers biochemistry. 22nd Ed., Applecton and large”
Norwalk, Connecticut/Loss Altos, California. 1991.
[18] F. Hernandez, J. Madrid, V. Garcia, J. Orengo and M. D. Meglas,
“Influence of two plants extracts on broiler performance, digestibility
and digestive organs size” Poultry Science. 2004, 83: 169-174.
[19] L. Seung-Jool, U. Katumi, S. Takayuki, L. Kwang- Geun, “Identification
of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves
(Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties” Food Chemistry.
2005, (91): 131-137.
[20] A. I. Hussain, F. Anwar, S. T. H. Sherazi and R. Przybylski, “Chemical
composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum
basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food
Chemistry” 2008, (108): 986-995.
[21] M. Cabuk, A. Alcicek, M. Bozkurt and N. Imir, “Antimicrobial
properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using
possibility as alternative feed additives” II. National Animal Nutrition
Congress, 18-20 September, Konya, Turkey. 2003, pp: 184-187.
[22] R. S. Deshpande and H. P. Tipnis, “Insecticidal activity of Ocimum
basilicum L”. Pesticides. 1977, 11: 11-12.
[23] R. Nishida, W. S. Bowes and P. H. Evans, “Synthesis of highly active
juvenile hormone analogs of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum from
Thailand” Flavor Indian Journal. 1984, 47-49.
[24] R. N.AL-Hamo, “The inhabiting effect of some plant extracts on
primary heads as examine in vitro” symposium about chamomile that
hold a meeting in College of Pharmacology. Mosul University 1-3
march 2003 (Abstract in Arabic).
[25] J. M. Santurio, D. F. Santurio, P. Pozzatti, C. Moraes, P. R. Franchin and
S. H. Alves, “Atividade antimicrobial dos leosessenciais de oregano,
tomihoecanelafrente as orovares de salmonella enteric de
origemavicola” Ciencia Rural. 2007(37): 803-808.
[26] M. Osman, H. M. Yakout, H. F. Motawe and W. F. Ezz El-Arab,
“Productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of
supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets” Egyptian Poultry
Science Journal. 2010, (30): 25-53.
[27] P. M. F.Debersac, M. Vernevaut, J. Aminot, M. Suschdet and M.
H.Siess, “Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosmery and its purified
component rosmerinic acid on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat
liver” Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2001, (39): 109-117.
[28] O. Politeo, M. Jukic and M. Milos, “Chemical composition and
antioxidant capacity of free volatile aglycones from basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) compared with its essential oil” Food Chemistry. 2007,
(101): 379-385.
[29] M. Kividompolo and T. Hyotylainen, “Comprehensive two-dimensional
liquid chromatography in analysis of Lamiaceae herbs: Characterization
and quantification of antioxidant phenolic acids” Journal of
Chromatography. 2007(A1145): 155-164. [30] D. K. Asami, Y. Hong, D. M. Barrett and A. E. Mitchell, “Comparison
of the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content of freeze-dried and airdried
marion berry, strawberry and corn grown using conventional,
organic and sustainable agricultural practices” Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry. 2003, (51): 1237-1241.
[31] K. M. Al-Ismail and T. Aburjai, “Antioxidant activity of water and
alcohol extracts of chamomile flowers, anise seed sand dill seeds”
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2004,(84): 173–178.
[32] A. K. Gupta, H. Chitme, S. K. Dass and N. Misra, “Antioxidant activity
of chamomile methanolic extract against CCL4 induced liver injury in
rats” Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2006, (1): 101-107.
[33] N. Y. Abdel-Malak, M. S. Abdel-Malak, G. M. El-Gendi and F. E.
Naguib, “Effect of feeding different levels of herbal feed additive on
broiler performance in relation to some metabolic functions” Egyptian
Poultry Science Journal. 1995, (15):111-139.
[34] A. M. M. Zeid, M. K. Mohsen, M. A. Ibrahem and A. M. E. El-
Kamhawy, “Effect of feeding rations supplemented with chamomile
flowers and dried yeast on productive performance of sheep” Journal of
Animal and Poultry Production, Mansoura University. 2011, (2):168-
187.
[35] E. T. Kornegay, Z. Wang, C. M. Wood and M. D. Lindemann,
“Supplemental chromium picolinate influences nitrogen balance, dry
matter digestibility and carcass traits in growing-finishing Pigs” Journal
of Animal Science. 1997, (75): 1319-1323.
[36] M. A. EI-Ashry, A. Z. Elbassiony, H. S. Soliman, H. M.EI-Sayed,
“Effect of feeding inedible wheat flour and pasta industry waste in
combination with broiler litter on the performance and blood serum
parameters of buffalo calves” Egyptian Journal of Animal Production.
1996, 33-91.
[37] H. M. El-Hosseiny, S. M. Allam, S. A. El-Saadany, A. M. Abdel-Gawad
and A. M. M. Zeid, “Medicinal herbs and plants as feed additives for
animals. 2-Effect of using some medicinal herbs on growth performance
of Zaraibi kids” Proc. Conf. Anim. Prod. in the 21th century (18-20,
April), Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh,
Egypt. 2000, pp. 189-199.
[38] T. T. C. Yang and M. W. L. Koo, “Chinese green tea lowers cholesterol
level through an increase in fecal lipid excretion” Life Science. 2000,
(66): 477-423.
[39] Z. Y. Deng, B. Y. Teo, X. L. Li, J. M. He, Y. F. Cheni and F. Chu,
“Effect of tea on blood glucose, blood lipid and antioxidants activity in
old rats” Journal of Tea Science. 1998, (18): 74-77.
[1] C. A. Rice-Evans, N. J. Miller and G. Paganga, “Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids” Free Radical
Biology and Medicine. 1996, (20): 933-956.
[2] B. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, H. P. Kim and M. Y. Heo, “Biological screening
of 100 plants for cosmetic use (II): antioxidative activity and free radical
scavenging activity” International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1977,
(19): 299-307.
[3] J. Z. Ansari, U. H. Ahsan, Y. Muhammad, A. Tanveer and K. Sarzamin,
“Evaluation of different medicinal plants as growth promoters for broiler
chicks” Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2008, (24): 323-329.
[4] P. N. Onu, “Evaluation of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher
broilers” Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2010, (26): 383-392.
[5] W. B. Phippen and J. E. Simon, “Anthocyanin inheritance and instability
in purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Heredity. 2010,(91):
289-296.
[6] J. A. Rabia, “Effect of Using Fenugreek, Parsley and Sweet Basil Seeds
as Feed Additives on the Performance of Broiler Chickens" International
Journal of Poultry Science. 2010, (9): 278-282.
[7] I. M. Abaza, M. A. Asar, G. E. El-Shaarrawi and M. F. Hassan, “Effect
of using nigella seed, chamomile flowers, thyme flowers and harmala
seed as feed additives on performance of broiler” Egyptian Journal of
Agriculture Research., 2003, 81: 735-749.
[8] M. I. Abaza, N. M. Ali and S. M. Hassan, “Nutritional and physiological
studies on improving the utilization of wheat bran in laying hen diets”
Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 2004, (24): 1015-1031.
[9] G. A. M. Al-Kaisse and E. K. Khalel, “The potency of chamomile
flowers (Matericaria chamomilla L.) as feed supplements (growth
promoters) on productive performance and hematological parameters
constituents of broiler” International Journal of Poultry Science. 2011,
(10): 726-729.
[10] F. B. Onwurah, G. S. Ojewola and S. Akomas, “Effect of basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) oncoccidial infection in broiler chicks” Academic
Research International. 2011, 1: 438-442.
[11] NRC, “National Research Council: Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th
Ed.” 1994, National Academy press, Washington, DC.
[12] J.Sedlack and R. H. Lindsay, “Estimation of total protein bound and
non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissues with Ellman reagent” Analytical
Biochemistry. 1968, (86): 271-278.
[13] Z. A. Placer, L. Crushman, B. C. Son, “Estimation of product of lipid
peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in biochemical system” Analytical
Biochemistry. 1966, (16): 359-364.
[14] H. P. Misra and I. Fridovich, “The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation
of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase”.
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1972, (247): 3170-3175.
[15] A. K. Sinha, “Calorimetric assay of catalase” Analytical Biochemistry.
1971, (47): 389-394.
[16] SAS, “Users guide statistics” As. Institute Cary, North Carolina. USA.
2004.
[17] R. K. Murray, D. K. Granner, P. A. Mayes and V. W. Rodwell, “The
text book of harpers biochemistry. 22nd Ed., Applecton and large”
Norwalk, Connecticut/Loss Altos, California. 1991.
[18] F. Hernandez, J. Madrid, V. Garcia, J. Orengo and M. D. Meglas,
“Influence of two plants extracts on broiler performance, digestibility
and digestive organs size” Poultry Science. 2004, 83: 169-174.
[19] L. Seung-Jool, U. Katumi, S. Takayuki, L. Kwang- Geun, “Identification
of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves
(Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties” Food Chemistry.
2005, (91): 131-137.
[20] A. I. Hussain, F. Anwar, S. T. H. Sherazi and R. Przybylski, “Chemical
composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum
basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food
Chemistry” 2008, (108): 986-995.
[21] M. Cabuk, A. Alcicek, M. Bozkurt and N. Imir, “Antimicrobial
properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using
possibility as alternative feed additives” II. National Animal Nutrition
Congress, 18-20 September, Konya, Turkey. 2003, pp: 184-187.
[22] R. S. Deshpande and H. P. Tipnis, “Insecticidal activity of Ocimum
basilicum L”. Pesticides. 1977, 11: 11-12.
[23] R. Nishida, W. S. Bowes and P. H. Evans, “Synthesis of highly active
juvenile hormone analogs of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum from
Thailand” Flavor Indian Journal. 1984, 47-49.
[24] R. N.AL-Hamo, “The inhabiting effect of some plant extracts on
primary heads as examine in vitro” symposium about chamomile that
hold a meeting in College of Pharmacology. Mosul University 1-3
march 2003 (Abstract in Arabic).
[25] J. M. Santurio, D. F. Santurio, P. Pozzatti, C. Moraes, P. R. Franchin and
S. H. Alves, “Atividade antimicrobial dos leosessenciais de oregano,
tomihoecanelafrente as orovares de salmonella enteric de
origemavicola” Ciencia Rural. 2007(37): 803-808.
[26] M. Osman, H. M. Yakout, H. F. Motawe and W. F. Ezz El-Arab,
“Productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of
supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets” Egyptian Poultry
Science Journal. 2010, (30): 25-53.
[27] P. M. F.Debersac, M. Vernevaut, J. Aminot, M. Suschdet and M.
H.Siess, “Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosmery and its purified
component rosmerinic acid on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat
liver” Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2001, (39): 109-117.
[28] O. Politeo, M. Jukic and M. Milos, “Chemical composition and
antioxidant capacity of free volatile aglycones from basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) compared with its essential oil” Food Chemistry. 2007,
(101): 379-385.
[29] M. Kividompolo and T. Hyotylainen, “Comprehensive two-dimensional
liquid chromatography in analysis of Lamiaceae herbs: Characterization
and quantification of antioxidant phenolic acids” Journal of
Chromatography. 2007(A1145): 155-164. [30] D. K. Asami, Y. Hong, D. M. Barrett and A. E. Mitchell, “Comparison
of the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content of freeze-dried and airdried
marion berry, strawberry and corn grown using conventional,
organic and sustainable agricultural practices” Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry. 2003, (51): 1237-1241.
[31] K. M. Al-Ismail and T. Aburjai, “Antioxidant activity of water and
alcohol extracts of chamomile flowers, anise seed sand dill seeds”
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2004,(84): 173–178.
[32] A. K. Gupta, H. Chitme, S. K. Dass and N. Misra, “Antioxidant activity
of chamomile methanolic extract against CCL4 induced liver injury in
rats” Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2006, (1): 101-107.
[33] N. Y. Abdel-Malak, M. S. Abdel-Malak, G. M. El-Gendi and F. E.
Naguib, “Effect of feeding different levels of herbal feed additive on
broiler performance in relation to some metabolic functions” Egyptian
Poultry Science Journal. 1995, (15):111-139.
[34] A. M. M. Zeid, M. K. Mohsen, M. A. Ibrahem and A. M. E. El-
Kamhawy, “Effect of feeding rations supplemented with chamomile
flowers and dried yeast on productive performance of sheep” Journal of
Animal and Poultry Production, Mansoura University. 2011, (2):168-
187.
[35] E. T. Kornegay, Z. Wang, C. M. Wood and M. D. Lindemann,
“Supplemental chromium picolinate influences nitrogen balance, dry
matter digestibility and carcass traits in growing-finishing Pigs” Journal
of Animal Science. 1997, (75): 1319-1323.
[36] M. A. EI-Ashry, A. Z. Elbassiony, H. S. Soliman, H. M.EI-Sayed,
“Effect of feeding inedible wheat flour and pasta industry waste in
combination with broiler litter on the performance and blood serum
parameters of buffalo calves” Egyptian Journal of Animal Production.
1996, 33-91.
[37] H. M. El-Hosseiny, S. M. Allam, S. A. El-Saadany, A. M. Abdel-Gawad
and A. M. M. Zeid, “Medicinal herbs and plants as feed additives for
animals. 2-Effect of using some medicinal herbs on growth performance
of Zaraibi kids” Proc. Conf. Anim. Prod. in the 21th century (18-20,
April), Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh,
Egypt. 2000, pp. 189-199.
[38] T. T. C. Yang and M. W. L. Koo, “Chinese green tea lowers cholesterol
level through an increase in fecal lipid excretion” Life Science. 2000,
(66): 477-423.
[39] Z. Y. Deng, B. Y. Teo, X. L. Li, J. M. He, Y. F. Cheni and F. Chu,
“Effect of tea on blood glucose, blood lipid and antioxidants activity in
old rats” Journal of Tea Science. 1998, (18): 74-77.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:69273", author = "Hamada A. Ahmed and Kadry M. Sadek and Ayman E. Taha", title = "Impact of Two Herbal Seeds Supplementation on Growth Performance and Some Biochemical Blood and Tissue Parameters of Broiler Chickens", abstract = "The effects of basil and/or chamomile seed
supplementation on the growth of Hubbard broiler chicks were
evaluated. The antioxidant effects of these supplements were also
assessed. 120 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into
four equal groups. The control group (group 1) was fed a basal diet
(BD) without supplementation. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed the BD
supplemented with 10g basil, 10g chamomile, and 5g basil plus 5g
chamomile per kg of food, respectively. Basil supplementation alone
or in combination with chamomile non-significantly (P≥0.05)
increased final body weight (3.2% and 0.3%, respectively) and
weight gain (3.5% and 3.6%, respectively) over the experimental
period. Chamomile supplementation alone non-significantly (P≥0.05)
reduced final body weight and weight gain over the experimental
period by 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively. In comparison to the control
group, herbal seed supplementation reduced feed intake and
improved the feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. In
general, basil seed supplementation stimulated chicken growth and
improved the feed efficiency more effectively than chamomile seed
supplementation. The antioxidant activities of basil and/or chamomile
supplementation were examined in the thymus, bursa, and spleen. In
chickens that received supplements, the level of malondialdehyde
was significantly decreased, whereas the activities of glutathione,
superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased
(P", keywords = "Herbal additives, basil, chamomile, broiler, growth
performance, antioxidant.", volume = "9", number = "3", pages = "279-6", }
