Impact of Some Experimental Procedures on Behavioral Patterns and Physiological Traits of Rats
Welfare may be considered to be a subjective
experience; it has a biological function that is related to the fitness
and survival of the animal accordingly, researches have suggested
that welfare is compromised when the animal's evolutionary fitness is
reduced. This study was carried out to explain the effect of some
managerial stressors as handling and restraint on behavioral patterns
and biochemical parameters of rats. A total of 24 (12 males & 12
females) Sprague-Dawley rats (12 months & 150-180g) were allotted
into 3 groups, handled group (4 male & 4 female), restrained group (4
male & 4 female) and control group (4 males & 4 females).
The obtained results revealed that time spent feeding, drinking,
movement and cage exploration frequencies increased significantly in
handled rats than other groups, while lying time and licking increased
significantly in restrained rats than handled and controls. Moreover,
social behavior decreased in both stressed groups than control.
Triglycerides were significantly increased in handled rats than
other groups, while total lipid, total protein and globulin significantly
increased in both treated groups than control. Corticosterone
increased in restrained and handled rats than control ones. Moreover,
there was an increment in packed cell volume significantly in
restrained rats than others. These deducted that if we want to study
the effect of stress on animal welfare it is necessary to study the
effect of such stressors on animal’s behavior and physiological
responses.
[1] Abd el Mohsen, M.M.; Fattim, A.T.; Motawi, T.M.K. and Ismail, N.A.
(1997): Nicotine and stress: Effect on sex hormones and lipid profile in
female rats. Pharmacological Research. 35 (3):181-187.
[2] Almeida, O.F.X.; Canoine, V.; Ali, S.; Holsboar, F. and Patchev, V.K.
(1997): Activitional effects of gonadal steroids on hypothalamopituitary-
adrenal regulation in the rat disclosed by response to
dexamethasone suppression. J.Neuroendocrinol.9:129-134.
[3] Bachen, E.A.; Muldoon, M.F.; Matthews, K.A. and Manuck, S.B.
(2002): Effects of haemoconcentration and sympathetic activation on
serum lipid responses to brief mental stress.Psychosomatic.Medicine.64:
587-594.
[4] Bacon, S.L.; Ring, C.; Lip, G.Y. and Carroll, D. (2004): Increases in
lipids and immune cells in response to exercise and mental stress in
patients with suspended coronary artery disease: Effects of adjustment
for shifts in plasma volume. Biological. Psychology.65: 237-250.
[5] Badiani, A.; Jakob, A.; Rdaros, D. and Stewart, J. (1996): Sensitization
of stress-induced feeding in rats repeatedly exposed to brief restraint:
The role of corticosterone. Brain Res.26, 710(1-2): 35-44.
[6] Baker, S.L.; Kentner, A.C.; Konkle, A.T.M.; Barbagallo, L.S. and
Bielajew, C. (2006): Behavioral and physiological effects of chronic
mild stress in female rats.Physiol.Behav.87 (2): 314-322.
[7] Barnard, C.J. and Hurst, J. L. (1996): Welfare by design: The natural
selection of welfare criteria. Anim. Welf. 5: 405-434.
[8] Baumans, V. (2005): Science-based assessment of animal welfare:
laboratory animals. Rev Sci Tech. Off. Int. Foiz. 24(2):503-513.
[9] Berridge, C.W. and Dunn, A.J. (1989): Restraint stress induced changes
in exploratory behavior appear to be mediated by nor epinephrine
stimulated release of CRF. The Journal of Neuroscience.9 (10): 3513-
3521.
[10] Bielajew, C.; Konkle, A.T.M. and Merali, Z. (2002): The effects of
chronic mild stress on male Sprague-Dawley and long Evans rats: I.
Biochemical and Physiological analyses. Behav. Brain. Res., 136: 583-
592.
[11] Bilandzic, N.; Simic, B.; Zuric, M. and Lajkic, M. (2005): Effect of
ACTH administration on biochemical and immune measures in boars.
J.Vet.Med.52 (9): 440-446(7).
[12] Bowman, R.E.; Maclusky, N.J.; Sarmiento, Y.; Frankfurt, M.; Gordon,
M. and Luine, V.N. (2004): Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal stress
on cognition, hormonal responses and central neurotransmitters.
Endocrinology. 145: 3778-3787.
[13] Brindley, D.N.; McCann, B.S.; Niaura, R.; Stoney, C.M. and Suarez,
E.C. (1993): Stress and lipoprotein metabolism: Modulators and
mechanisms. Metabolism: Clinical and experimental.42: 3-15.
[14] Chadda, R. and Devaud, L.L. (2005): Differential effects of mild
repeated restraint stress on behaviors and GABAA receptors in male and
female rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 81 (4): 854-863
[15] Cheeta, S.; Ruigt, G.; VanProosdij, J. and Willner, P. (1997): Changes in
sleep architecture following chronic mild stress. Biol Psychiatry. 41(4):
419-27.
[16] Chowdhury, G.M.I.; Fuijoka, T. and Nakamura, S. (2000): Induction and
adaptation of FOS expression in the rat brain by two types of acute
restraint stress. Brain. Res. Bull., 52: 171-182.
[17] Dhabhar, F.S.; McEwen, B.S. and Spencer, R.L. (1997): Adaptation to
prolonged or repeated stress comparison between rat strains showing
intrinsic differences in reactivity to acute stress.Neuroendocrinology.65:
360-368.
[18] Dimsdale, J.E. and Herd, J.A. (1982): Variability of plasma lipids in
response to emotional arousal. Psychosom Med.44: 413-430.
[19] Elizabeth, V.; Hillger, D.V.M.; Kathreine, E. and Quesenberry, D.V.M.
(1997): Ferrets, rabbits and rodents. Philadelphia, London Toranto
Montreal Sydney Tokyo: 302.
[20] Fayed, A.; Zakaria, A.; Hedaya, S. and El-Ashmawy, I. (1994): Effects
of xylazine on the stress response to immobilization and heat in rats.
Aust.J.Anim.Sci.7 (3): 397-400.
[21] Gadek-MichaIska, A. and Bugajski, J. (2003): Repeated handling,
restraint or chronic crowding impairs the hypothalamic-pituitary
adrenocortical response to acute restraint stress. Journal of Physiol and
Pharmacol.54 (3): 449-459.
[22] Galea, L.A.; McEwen, B.S.; Tanapat, P.; Deak, T.; Spencer, R.L. and
Dhabhar, F.S. (1997): Sex differences in dendritic atrophy of CAB
pyramidal neurons in response to chronic restraint stress. Neuroscience.
81: 689-697.
[23] Gispen, W.H. and Issaacsen, P.L. (1981): ACTH-induced excessive
grooming in the rat. Pharmacol.Ther.12: 209-246.
[24] Goda, T.; Takase, S.; Yokogoshi, H.; Mita, T.; Isemura, M. and Hoshi,
T. (1991): Changes in hepatic metabolism through stimulated
weightlessness: Decrease of glycogen and increase of lipids following
prolonged immobilization in the rat. Research in Experimental
Medicine. 191 (1): 189-199.
[25] Gronli, J.; Murison, R.; Bjorvatn, B.; Sorensen, E.; Portas, C.M .and
Ursin, R. (2004): Chronic mild stress affects sucrose intake and sleep in
rats. Behav.Brain.Res.150 (1-2): 139-147.
[26] Gryzunov, V.; Yu, A.; Koplik, E.V.; Smolina, N.V.; Kopaeva, L.B.;
Dobrefsov, G.E. and Sudakov, K.V. (2006): Conformational properties
of serum albumin binding sites in rats with different behavior in the
open field test. Endocrinology. 9 (1): 53-60.
[27] Johnson, E.O.; Kamilaris, T.C.; Chrousos, G. P. and Gold, P.W. (1992):
Mechanisms of stress: A dynamic overview of hormonal and behavioral
homeostasis. Neurosci.Biobehav.Rev.16: 115-130.
[28] Josephson, B. and Gyllensward, A. (1975): Colorimetric determination
of total protein. Scand. J.Clin.Lab.Invest.9:29.
[29] King, L.A. (2003): Behavioral evaluation of the psychological welfare
and environmental requirements of agricultural research animals:
Theory, measurement, ethics and practical implications. ILAR Journal.
44(3): 211-221.
[30] Krahn, D.D.; Gosnell, B.A. and Majchrzak, M.J. (1990): The anorectic
effects of CRH and restraint stress decrease with repeated exposures.
Biol. Psychiatry. 27: 1094-1102.
[31] Krahn, D.D.; Gosnell, B.A.; Grace, M. and Levine, A.S. (1986); CRF
antagonist partially reverses CRF and stress-induced effects on feeding.
Brain Res Bull. 17: 285-289.
[32] Krebs, H.; Machaet, M.; Weyers, P.; Weiejers, and H. and Janke, W.
(1996): Effects of stressful noise on eating and non-eating behavior in
rats. Appetite. 26: 193-202.
[33] Kupfer, D.J. and Reynolds, C.F. (1992): Sleep and affective disorders.
In: Paykel, E.S, editor. Hand book of affective disorders. Edinburgh:
Churchill Livingstone: 311-23.
[34] Lucion, A. and Yogel, W.H. (1994): Effects of stress on defensive
aggression and dominance in a water competition test. Integrative
Psychological and Behavioral Science. 29 (4): 415-422.
[35] Matri, G.; Marti, J. and Armario, A. (1994): Effects of chronic stress on
food intake in rats; influence of stressor in intensity & duration of daily
exposure. Physiol. Behav. 55(4): 747-53.
[36] Matteri, R.L.; Carroll, J.A. and Dyer, C.J. (2000): The biology of animal
stress. Basic principles and implications for animal welfare. In:
Neuroendocrine responses to stress: 46-47.CABI Publishing.
[37] McCann, B.S.; Magee, M.S.; Broyles, F.C.; Vaughan, M.; Albers, J.J.
and Knopp, R.H. (1995): Acute psychological stress and epinephrine
infusion in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic men: Effects on plasma
lipid and apoprotein concentrations. Psychosom Med.57: 165-176.
[38] Mercier, S.; Federic, C.; Buguet, A.; Cepuglio, R.; Martin, S. and
Bourdon, L. (2003): Behavioral changes after an acute stress: Stressors
and test types influences. Behav.Brain.Res.Feb.17, 139(1-2): 167-75. [39] Morimoto, A.; Nakamon, T.; Morimot, K.; Tan, N. and Murakami, K.
(1993): The central role of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41) in
psychological stress in rats. Journal of Physiology.460: 221-229.
[40] Page, I.H. and Molnuddin, M. (1982): The effects of venous occlusion
on serum cholesterol and total lipid concentration-awaring ciculation.25:
851-852.
[41] Pan, F.; Lu, C-Y.; Song, J.; Jing, H.; Li, Q.; Yu, H-I. and Chan, XY.(
2006): Different duration of crowding and noise exposure effects on
exploratory behavior, cellular immunity and HSP70 expression in rats.
Stress and Health. 22 (4): 257-262.
[42] Pecoraro, N.; Reyes, F.; Gomez, F.; Bhargava, A. and Dallman, M.F.
(2004): Chronic stress promotes palatable feeding, which reduces signs
of stress: Feed forward and feedback effects of chronic stress.
Endocrinology. 145(8): 3754-3762.
[43] Retana-Ma`rquez, M.; Bonilla, J.H.; Vaquez, P.G.; Dominque, S.E.;
Martinez, G.P. and Velaquez, M.J. (2003): Body weight gain and diurnal
differences of corticosterone in response of acute and chronic stress in
rats. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 28: 207-227.
[44] Ricart-Jane`, D.; Rodriguez-Sureda, V.; Benavides, A.; PeinadoOnsurbe,
J.; Lo`pezTejero, M.D. and Liobera, M.(2002): Immobilization stress
alters intermediate metabolism and circulating lipoproteins in the rat.
Metabolism. 51(7): 925-931.
[45] Rogers, M.P. and Robinson, D.S. (1974): Effects of cold exposure on
heart clearing factor lipase and triglycerides utilization in the
rat.J.Lipid.Res.15: 263-272.
[46] Rokyta, R. (1998): Biochemical and electrophysiological changes in
animal models of chronic and visceral pain. In: Kleppinger, J., editors,
Pain clinical aspects and therapeutically issues, part III. Linz,
SelvaVerlag: 19-30.
[47] Sarov, G.M. and Vlaykova, T.I. (2005): Changes in blood glucose,
triglycerides and lipid peroxidation products in rabbits after hanging
fixation. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine.8 (3): 157-161.
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[1] Abd el Mohsen, M.M.; Fattim, A.T.; Motawi, T.M.K. and Ismail, N.A.
(1997): Nicotine and stress: Effect on sex hormones and lipid profile in
female rats. Pharmacological Research. 35 (3):181-187.
[2] Almeida, O.F.X.; Canoine, V.; Ali, S.; Holsboar, F. and Patchev, V.K.
(1997): Activitional effects of gonadal steroids on hypothalamopituitary-
adrenal regulation in the rat disclosed by response to
dexamethasone suppression. J.Neuroendocrinol.9:129-134.
[3] Bachen, E.A.; Muldoon, M.F.; Matthews, K.A. and Manuck, S.B.
(2002): Effects of haemoconcentration and sympathetic activation on
serum lipid responses to brief mental stress.Psychosomatic.Medicine.64:
587-594.
[4] Bacon, S.L.; Ring, C.; Lip, G.Y. and Carroll, D. (2004): Increases in
lipids and immune cells in response to exercise and mental stress in
patients with suspended coronary artery disease: Effects of adjustment
for shifts in plasma volume. Biological. Psychology.65: 237-250.
[5] Badiani, A.; Jakob, A.; Rdaros, D. and Stewart, J. (1996): Sensitization
of stress-induced feeding in rats repeatedly exposed to brief restraint:
The role of corticosterone. Brain Res.26, 710(1-2): 35-44.
[6] Baker, S.L.; Kentner, A.C.; Konkle, A.T.M.; Barbagallo, L.S. and
Bielajew, C. (2006): Behavioral and physiological effects of chronic
mild stress in female rats.Physiol.Behav.87 (2): 314-322.
[7] Barnard, C.J. and Hurst, J. L. (1996): Welfare by design: The natural
selection of welfare criteria. Anim. Welf. 5: 405-434.
[8] Baumans, V. (2005): Science-based assessment of animal welfare:
laboratory animals. Rev Sci Tech. Off. Int. Foiz. 24(2):503-513.
[9] Berridge, C.W. and Dunn, A.J. (1989): Restraint stress induced changes
in exploratory behavior appear to be mediated by nor epinephrine
stimulated release of CRF. The Journal of Neuroscience.9 (10): 3513-
3521.
[10] Bielajew, C.; Konkle, A.T.M. and Merali, Z. (2002): The effects of
chronic mild stress on male Sprague-Dawley and long Evans rats: I.
Biochemical and Physiological analyses. Behav. Brain. Res., 136: 583-
592.
[11] Bilandzic, N.; Simic, B.; Zuric, M. and Lajkic, M. (2005): Effect of
ACTH administration on biochemical and immune measures in boars.
J.Vet.Med.52 (9): 440-446(7).
[12] Bowman, R.E.; Maclusky, N.J.; Sarmiento, Y.; Frankfurt, M.; Gordon,
M. and Luine, V.N. (2004): Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal stress
on cognition, hormonal responses and central neurotransmitters.
Endocrinology. 145: 3778-3787.
[13] Brindley, D.N.; McCann, B.S.; Niaura, R.; Stoney, C.M. and Suarez,
E.C. (1993): Stress and lipoprotein metabolism: Modulators and
mechanisms. Metabolism: Clinical and experimental.42: 3-15.
[14] Chadda, R. and Devaud, L.L. (2005): Differential effects of mild
repeated restraint stress on behaviors and GABAA receptors in male and
female rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 81 (4): 854-863
[15] Cheeta, S.; Ruigt, G.; VanProosdij, J. and Willner, P. (1997): Changes in
sleep architecture following chronic mild stress. Biol Psychiatry. 41(4):
419-27.
[16] Chowdhury, G.M.I.; Fuijoka, T. and Nakamura, S. (2000): Induction and
adaptation of FOS expression in the rat brain by two types of acute
restraint stress. Brain. Res. Bull., 52: 171-182.
[17] Dhabhar, F.S.; McEwen, B.S. and Spencer, R.L. (1997): Adaptation to
prolonged or repeated stress comparison between rat strains showing
intrinsic differences in reactivity to acute stress.Neuroendocrinology.65:
360-368.
[18] Dimsdale, J.E. and Herd, J.A. (1982): Variability of plasma lipids in
response to emotional arousal. Psychosom Med.44: 413-430.
[19] Elizabeth, V.; Hillger, D.V.M.; Kathreine, E. and Quesenberry, D.V.M.
(1997): Ferrets, rabbits and rodents. Philadelphia, London Toranto
Montreal Sydney Tokyo: 302.
[20] Fayed, A.; Zakaria, A.; Hedaya, S. and El-Ashmawy, I. (1994): Effects
of xylazine on the stress response to immobilization and heat in rats.
Aust.J.Anim.Sci.7 (3): 397-400.
[21] Gadek-MichaIska, A. and Bugajski, J. (2003): Repeated handling,
restraint or chronic crowding impairs the hypothalamic-pituitary
adrenocortical response to acute restraint stress. Journal of Physiol and
Pharmacol.54 (3): 449-459.
[22] Galea, L.A.; McEwen, B.S.; Tanapat, P.; Deak, T.; Spencer, R.L. and
Dhabhar, F.S. (1997): Sex differences in dendritic atrophy of CAB
pyramidal neurons in response to chronic restraint stress. Neuroscience.
81: 689-697.
[23] Gispen, W.H. and Issaacsen, P.L. (1981): ACTH-induced excessive
grooming in the rat. Pharmacol.Ther.12: 209-246.
[24] Goda, T.; Takase, S.; Yokogoshi, H.; Mita, T.; Isemura, M. and Hoshi,
T. (1991): Changes in hepatic metabolism through stimulated
weightlessness: Decrease of glycogen and increase of lipids following
prolonged immobilization in the rat. Research in Experimental
Medicine. 191 (1): 189-199.
[25] Gronli, J.; Murison, R.; Bjorvatn, B.; Sorensen, E.; Portas, C.M .and
Ursin, R. (2004): Chronic mild stress affects sucrose intake and sleep in
rats. Behav.Brain.Res.150 (1-2): 139-147.
[26] Gryzunov, V.; Yu, A.; Koplik, E.V.; Smolina, N.V.; Kopaeva, L.B.;
Dobrefsov, G.E. and Sudakov, K.V. (2006): Conformational properties
of serum albumin binding sites in rats with different behavior in the
open field test. Endocrinology. 9 (1): 53-60.
[27] Johnson, E.O.; Kamilaris, T.C.; Chrousos, G. P. and Gold, P.W. (1992):
Mechanisms of stress: A dynamic overview of hormonal and behavioral
homeostasis. Neurosci.Biobehav.Rev.16: 115-130.
[28] Josephson, B. and Gyllensward, A. (1975): Colorimetric determination
of total protein. Scand. J.Clin.Lab.Invest.9:29.
[29] King, L.A. (2003): Behavioral evaluation of the psychological welfare
and environmental requirements of agricultural research animals:
Theory, measurement, ethics and practical implications. ILAR Journal.
44(3): 211-221.
[30] Krahn, D.D.; Gosnell, B.A. and Majchrzak, M.J. (1990): The anorectic
effects of CRH and restraint stress decrease with repeated exposures.
Biol. Psychiatry. 27: 1094-1102.
[31] Krahn, D.D.; Gosnell, B.A.; Grace, M. and Levine, A.S. (1986); CRF
antagonist partially reverses CRF and stress-induced effects on feeding.
Brain Res Bull. 17: 285-289.
[32] Krebs, H.; Machaet, M.; Weyers, P.; Weiejers, and H. and Janke, W.
(1996): Effects of stressful noise on eating and non-eating behavior in
rats. Appetite. 26: 193-202.
[33] Kupfer, D.J. and Reynolds, C.F. (1992): Sleep and affective disorders.
In: Paykel, E.S, editor. Hand book of affective disorders. Edinburgh:
Churchill Livingstone: 311-23.
[34] Lucion, A. and Yogel, W.H. (1994): Effects of stress on defensive
aggression and dominance in a water competition test. Integrative
Psychological and Behavioral Science. 29 (4): 415-422.
[35] Matri, G.; Marti, J. and Armario, A. (1994): Effects of chronic stress on
food intake in rats; influence of stressor in intensity & duration of daily
exposure. Physiol. Behav. 55(4): 747-53.
[36] Matteri, R.L.; Carroll, J.A. and Dyer, C.J. (2000): The biology of animal
stress. Basic principles and implications for animal welfare. In:
Neuroendocrine responses to stress: 46-47.CABI Publishing.
[37] McCann, B.S.; Magee, M.S.; Broyles, F.C.; Vaughan, M.; Albers, J.J.
and Knopp, R.H. (1995): Acute psychological stress and epinephrine
infusion in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic men: Effects on plasma
lipid and apoprotein concentrations. Psychosom Med.57: 165-176.
[38] Mercier, S.; Federic, C.; Buguet, A.; Cepuglio, R.; Martin, S. and
Bourdon, L. (2003): Behavioral changes after an acute stress: Stressors
and test types influences. Behav.Brain.Res.Feb.17, 139(1-2): 167-75. [39] Morimoto, A.; Nakamon, T.; Morimot, K.; Tan, N. and Murakami, K.
(1993): The central role of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41) in
psychological stress in rats. Journal of Physiology.460: 221-229.
[40] Page, I.H. and Molnuddin, M. (1982): The effects of venous occlusion
on serum cholesterol and total lipid concentration-awaring ciculation.25:
851-852.
[41] Pan, F.; Lu, C-Y.; Song, J.; Jing, H.; Li, Q.; Yu, H-I. and Chan, XY.(
2006): Different duration of crowding and noise exposure effects on
exploratory behavior, cellular immunity and HSP70 expression in rats.
Stress and Health. 22 (4): 257-262.
[42] Pecoraro, N.; Reyes, F.; Gomez, F.; Bhargava, A. and Dallman, M.F.
(2004): Chronic stress promotes palatable feeding, which reduces signs
of stress: Feed forward and feedback effects of chronic stress.
Endocrinology. 145(8): 3754-3762.
[43] Retana-Ma`rquez, M.; Bonilla, J.H.; Vaquez, P.G.; Dominque, S.E.;
Martinez, G.P. and Velaquez, M.J. (2003): Body weight gain and diurnal
differences of corticosterone in response of acute and chronic stress in
rats. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 28: 207-227.
[44] Ricart-Jane`, D.; Rodriguez-Sureda, V.; Benavides, A.; PeinadoOnsurbe,
J.; Lo`pezTejero, M.D. and Liobera, M.(2002): Immobilization stress
alters intermediate metabolism and circulating lipoproteins in the rat.
Metabolism. 51(7): 925-931.
[45] Rogers, M.P. and Robinson, D.S. (1974): Effects of cold exposure on
heart clearing factor lipase and triglycerides utilization in the
rat.J.Lipid.Res.15: 263-272.
[46] Rokyta, R. (1998): Biochemical and electrophysiological changes in
animal models of chronic and visceral pain. In: Kleppinger, J., editors,
Pain clinical aspects and therapeutically issues, part III. Linz,
SelvaVerlag: 19-30.
[47] Sarov, G.M. and Vlaykova, T.I. (2005): Changes in blood glucose,
triglycerides and lipid peroxidation products in rabbits after hanging
fixation. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine.8 (3): 157-161.
[48] Schalm, O.; Jain, N. and Carroll, E. (1975): Materials and methods for
the study of the blood including brief comments on factors to be
considered in interpretation. In: Veterinary Hematology. (3rd Ed.)
Chapter2, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
[49] Stallknecht, B. ; Kjaer,M.;Mikenes, K.J.; Maroun, L.; Plough, L.;
Ohkuwa, T.; Vinten, J. and Galbo, H.(1990): Diminished epinephrine
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@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:68918", author = "Amira and A. Goma and U. E. Mahrous", title = "Impact of Some Experimental Procedures on Behavioral Patterns and Physiological Traits of Rats", abstract = "Welfare may be considered to be a subjective
experience; it has a biological function that is related to the fitness
and survival of the animal accordingly, researches have suggested
that welfare is compromised when the animal's evolutionary fitness is
reduced. This study was carried out to explain the effect of some
managerial stressors as handling and restraint on behavioral patterns
and biochemical parameters of rats. A total of 24 (12 males & 12
females) Sprague-Dawley rats (12 months & 150-180g) were allotted
into 3 groups, handled group (4 male & 4 female), restrained group (4
male & 4 female) and control group (4 males & 4 females).
The obtained results revealed that time spent feeding, drinking,
movement and cage exploration frequencies increased significantly in
handled rats than other groups, while lying time and licking increased
significantly in restrained rats than handled and controls. Moreover,
social behavior decreased in both stressed groups than control.
Triglycerides were significantly increased in handled rats than
other groups, while total lipid, total protein and globulin significantly
increased in both treated groups than control. Corticosterone
increased in restrained and handled rats than control ones. Moreover,
there was an increment in packed cell volume significantly in
restrained rats than others. These deducted that if we want to study
the effect of stress on animal welfare it is necessary to study the
effect of such stressors on animal’s behavior and physiological
responses.
", keywords = "Behavior, handling, restraint, rat, welfare.", volume = "9", number = "2", pages = "119-7", }
