Ignition Delay Correlation for a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled with Automotive Diesel and Water Diesel Emulsion
Most of ignition delay correlations studies have been
developed in a constant volume bombs which cannot capture the
dynamic variation in pressure and temperature during the ignition
delay as in real engines. Watson, Assanis et. al. and Hardenberg
and Hase correlations have been developed based on experimental
data of diesel engines. However, they showed limited predictive
ability of ignition delay when compared to experimental results. The
objective of the study was to investigate the dependency of ignition
delay time on engine brake power. An experimental investigation of
the effect of automotive diesel and water diesel emulsion fuels on
ignition delay under steady state conditions of a direct injection diesel
engine was conducted. A four cylinder, direct injection naturally
aspirated diesel engine was used in this experiment over a wide range
of engine speeds and two engine loads. The ignition delay
experimental data were compared with predictions of Assanis et. al.
and Watson ignition delay correlations. The results of the
experimental investigation were then used to develop a new ignition
delay correlation. The newly developed ignition delay correlation has
shown a better agreement with the experimental data than Assanis et.
al. and Watson when using automotive diesel and water diesel
emulsion fuels especially at low to medium engine speeds at both
loads. In addition, the second derivative of cylinder pressure which is
the most widely used method in determining the start of combustion
was investigated.
[1] Brown, K.F., D.D. Chadderton, and D.D. Lnger, Opportunity for diesel
emission reductions using advanced catalysts and water blend fuels. SAE
2000-01-0182, 2000.
[2] Daly, D.T. Future fuels and fuel additives for vehicle emissions control.
2000. San Francisco, CA: American Chemical Society National Meeting.
[3] Daly, D.T. and D.A. Langer. Low emission water blend diesel fuel.
1999. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Mining Diesel Conference
Proceedings.
[4] Subramanian, K.A. and A. Ramesh, Use of Hydrogen Peroxide to
Improve the Performance and Reduce Emissions of a CI Engine Fuelled
with Water Diesel Emulsions. 2008.
[5] Greeves, G., I.M. Onion, and G. Khan. Effects of water introduction on
diesel engine combustion and emissions. in 16th symposium
international on combustion. 1976: The Combustion Institute.
[6] Radwan, M.S. and H. Salem, A study of some combustion characteristics
of gas oil/water emulsions in a swirl chamber diesel engine. SAE
892056, 1989.
[7] Heywood, J.B., Internal combustion engine fundamentals. 1988.
[8] Lee, J.H. and N. Lida, Combustion of diesel spray injected into reacting
atmosphere of propane-air homogeneous mixture. Int. J. Engine Res.,
2001. 2(1): p. 69-80.
[9] Aligrot, C., J.C. Champoussin, N. Guerrassi, et al., A correlative model
to predict autoignition delay of diesel fuels. SAE transactions, 1997.
106(3): p. 958-963.
[10] Wolfer, H.H., Ignition lag in diesel engines. VDI-Forschungsheft, 1938.
392: p. 621-436.047.
[11] Hiroyasu, H., T. Kadota, and M. Arai, Development and Use of a Spray
Combustion Modeling to Predict Diesel Engine Efficiency and Pollutant
Emissions: Part 2 Computational Procedure and Parametric Study.
Bulletin of JSME, 1983. 26(214): p. 576-583.
[12] Kadota, T., H. Hiroyasu, and H. Oya, Spontaneous ignition delay of a
fuel droplet in high pressure and high temperature gaseous environments.
JSME, Bulletin, 1976. 19: p. 437-445.
[13] Stringer, E.W., A.E. Clarke, and J.S. Clarke, The spontaneous ignition of
hydrocarbon fuels in a flowing system. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng, 1970. 184:
p. 212-224.
[14] Watson, N., A.D. Pilley, and M. Marzouk, A Combustion Correlation for
Diesel Engine Simulation. SAE 800029, 1980.
[15] Assanis, D.N., Z.S. Filipi, S.B. Fiveland, et al., A predictive ignition
delay correlation under steady-state and transient operation of a direct
injection diesel engine. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2003. 125: p. 450.
[16] Hardenberg, H.O. and F.W. Hase, Empirical Formula for Computing the
Pressure Rise Delay of a Fuel From its Cetane Number and From the
Relevant Parameters of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines. SAE 790493,
1979: p. 88.
[17] Lyn, W.T. Study of burning rate and nature of combustion in diesel
engines. in Ninth international symposium on combustion. 1963: The
combustion institute.
[18] Spadaccini, L.J., Autoignition Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fuels at
Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. J Eng Power Trans ASME, 1977.
99: p. 83-87.
[19] Spadaccini, L.J. and J.A. TeVelde, Auto-ignition Characteristics of
Aircraft-Type Fuel. Combustion and Flame, 1982. 46: p. 283-300.
[20] Stern, F., M. Muste, M.L. Beninati, et al., Summary of Experimental
Uncertainty Assessment Methodology with Example. IIHR Report,
1999. 406.
[21] Henein, N.A. and J.A. Bolt, Correlation of air charge temperature and
ignition delay for several fuels in a diesel engine. SAE 690252, 1969.
[22] Syrimis, M., K. Shigahara, and D.N. Assanis, Correlation between knock
intensity and heat transfer under light and heavy knock conditions in a
spark ignition engine. SAE 960495, 1996.
[23] Gong, J.-S. and W.-B. Fu, A study on the effect of more volatile fuel on
evaporation and ignition for emulsified oil. Fuel, 2001. 80: p. 437-445.
[24] Kumar, I.N.N., S.C. Prasad, and B.V.A. Rao, Heat release rate analysis
of a DI diesel engine using diesel and seawater semi-stable emulsion.
SAE 2002-01-2719, 2002.
[25] Nazha, M.A.A., H. Rajakaruna, and S.A. Wagstaff, The use of emulsion,
water induction and EGR for controlling diesel engine emissions. SAE
2001-01-1941, 2001.
[26] Park, J.W., K.Y. Huh, and J.H. Lee, Reduction of NOx, smoke and
BSFC with optimal injection timing and emulsion ratio of wateremulsified
diesel. Inst. of Mech. Engr., 2001. 215(D): p. 83-93.
[27] Tajima, H., K. TAKASAKI, M. Nakashima, et al. Visual study on
combustion of low grade fuel water emulsion. in COMODIA. 2001.
Nagoya, Japan.
[28] Wang, C.-H. and J.-T. Chen, An experimental investigation of the
burning characteristics of water oil emulsions. Heat Mass Transfer, 1996.
23(6): p. 823-834
[1] Brown, K.F., D.D. Chadderton, and D.D. Lnger, Opportunity for diesel
emission reductions using advanced catalysts and water blend fuels. SAE
2000-01-0182, 2000.
[2] Daly, D.T. Future fuels and fuel additives for vehicle emissions control.
2000. San Francisco, CA: American Chemical Society National Meeting.
[3] Daly, D.T. and D.A. Langer. Low emission water blend diesel fuel.
1999. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Mining Diesel Conference
Proceedings.
[4] Subramanian, K.A. and A. Ramesh, Use of Hydrogen Peroxide to
Improve the Performance and Reduce Emissions of a CI Engine Fuelled
with Water Diesel Emulsions. 2008.
[5] Greeves, G., I.M. Onion, and G. Khan. Effects of water introduction on
diesel engine combustion and emissions. in 16th symposium
international on combustion. 1976: The Combustion Institute.
[6] Radwan, M.S. and H. Salem, A study of some combustion characteristics
of gas oil/water emulsions in a swirl chamber diesel engine. SAE
892056, 1989.
[7] Heywood, J.B., Internal combustion engine fundamentals. 1988.
[8] Lee, J.H. and N. Lida, Combustion of diesel spray injected into reacting
atmosphere of propane-air homogeneous mixture. Int. J. Engine Res.,
2001. 2(1): p. 69-80.
[9] Aligrot, C., J.C. Champoussin, N. Guerrassi, et al., A correlative model
to predict autoignition delay of diesel fuels. SAE transactions, 1997.
106(3): p. 958-963.
[10] Wolfer, H.H., Ignition lag in diesel engines. VDI-Forschungsheft, 1938.
392: p. 621-436.047.
[11] Hiroyasu, H., T. Kadota, and M. Arai, Development and Use of a Spray
Combustion Modeling to Predict Diesel Engine Efficiency and Pollutant
Emissions: Part 2 Computational Procedure and Parametric Study.
Bulletin of JSME, 1983. 26(214): p. 576-583.
[12] Kadota, T., H. Hiroyasu, and H. Oya, Spontaneous ignition delay of a
fuel droplet in high pressure and high temperature gaseous environments.
JSME, Bulletin, 1976. 19: p. 437-445.
[13] Stringer, E.W., A.E. Clarke, and J.S. Clarke, The spontaneous ignition of
hydrocarbon fuels in a flowing system. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng, 1970. 184:
p. 212-224.
[14] Watson, N., A.D. Pilley, and M. Marzouk, A Combustion Correlation for
Diesel Engine Simulation. SAE 800029, 1980.
[15] Assanis, D.N., Z.S. Filipi, S.B. Fiveland, et al., A predictive ignition
delay correlation under steady-state and transient operation of a direct
injection diesel engine. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2003. 125: p. 450.
[16] Hardenberg, H.O. and F.W. Hase, Empirical Formula for Computing the
Pressure Rise Delay of a Fuel From its Cetane Number and From the
Relevant Parameters of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines. SAE 790493,
1979: p. 88.
[17] Lyn, W.T. Study of burning rate and nature of combustion in diesel
engines. in Ninth international symposium on combustion. 1963: The
combustion institute.
[18] Spadaccini, L.J., Autoignition Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fuels at
Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. J Eng Power Trans ASME, 1977.
99: p. 83-87.
[19] Spadaccini, L.J. and J.A. TeVelde, Auto-ignition Characteristics of
Aircraft-Type Fuel. Combustion and Flame, 1982. 46: p. 283-300.
[20] Stern, F., M. Muste, M.L. Beninati, et al., Summary of Experimental
Uncertainty Assessment Methodology with Example. IIHR Report,
1999. 406.
[21] Henein, N.A. and J.A. Bolt, Correlation of air charge temperature and
ignition delay for several fuels in a diesel engine. SAE 690252, 1969.
[22] Syrimis, M., K. Shigahara, and D.N. Assanis, Correlation between knock
intensity and heat transfer under light and heavy knock conditions in a
spark ignition engine. SAE 960495, 1996.
[23] Gong, J.-S. and W.-B. Fu, A study on the effect of more volatile fuel on
evaporation and ignition for emulsified oil. Fuel, 2001. 80: p. 437-445.
[24] Kumar, I.N.N., S.C. Prasad, and B.V.A. Rao, Heat release rate analysis
of a DI diesel engine using diesel and seawater semi-stable emulsion.
SAE 2002-01-2719, 2002.
[25] Nazha, M.A.A., H. Rajakaruna, and S.A. Wagstaff, The use of emulsion,
water induction and EGR for controlling diesel engine emissions. SAE
2001-01-1941, 2001.
[26] Park, J.W., K.Y. Huh, and J.H. Lee, Reduction of NOx, smoke and
BSFC with optimal injection timing and emulsion ratio of wateremulsified
diesel. Inst. of Mech. Engr., 2001. 215(D): p. 83-93.
[27] Tajima, H., K. TAKASAKI, M. Nakashima, et al. Visual study on
combustion of low grade fuel water emulsion. in COMODIA. 2001.
Nagoya, Japan.
[28] Wang, C.-H. and J.-T. Chen, An experimental investigation of the
burning characteristics of water oil emulsions. Heat Mass Transfer, 1996.
23(6): p. 823-834
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:59641", author = "K.Alkhulaifi and M. Hamdalla", title = "Ignition Delay Correlation for a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled with Automotive Diesel and Water Diesel Emulsion", abstract = "Most of ignition delay correlations studies have been
developed in a constant volume bombs which cannot capture the
dynamic variation in pressure and temperature during the ignition
delay as in real engines. Watson, Assanis et. al. and Hardenberg
and Hase correlations have been developed based on experimental
data of diesel engines. However, they showed limited predictive
ability of ignition delay when compared to experimental results. The
objective of the study was to investigate the dependency of ignition
delay time on engine brake power. An experimental investigation of
the effect of automotive diesel and water diesel emulsion fuels on
ignition delay under steady state conditions of a direct injection diesel
engine was conducted. A four cylinder, direct injection naturally
aspirated diesel engine was used in this experiment over a wide range
of engine speeds and two engine loads. The ignition delay
experimental data were compared with predictions of Assanis et. al.
and Watson ignition delay correlations. The results of the
experimental investigation were then used to develop a new ignition
delay correlation. The newly developed ignition delay correlation has
shown a better agreement with the experimental data than Assanis et.
al. and Watson when using automotive diesel and water diesel
emulsion fuels especially at low to medium engine speeds at both
loads. In addition, the second derivative of cylinder pressure which is
the most widely used method in determining the start of combustion
was investigated.", keywords = "gnition delay correlation, water diesel emulsion,
direct injection diesel engine", volume = "5", number = "10", pages = "886-13", }
