Identification of Anaerobic Microorganisms for Converting Kitchen Waste to Biogas
Anaerobic digestion process is one of the alternative
methods to convert organic waste into methane gas which is a fuel
and energy source. Activities of various kinds of microorganisms are
the main factor for anaerobic digestion which produces methane gas.
Therefore, in this study a modified Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
with working volume of 50 liters was designed to identify the
microorganisms through biogas production. The mixture of 75%
kitchen waste and 25% sewage sludge was used as substrate.
Observations on microorganisms in the ABR showed that there exists
a small amount of protozoa (5%) and fungi (2%) in the system, but
almost 93% of the microorganism population consists of bacteria. It
is definitely clear that bacteria are responsible for anaerobic
biodegradation of kitchen waste. Results show that in the
acidification zone of the ABR (front compartments of reactor) fast
growing bacteria capable of growth at high substrate levels and
reduced pH was dominant. A shift to slower growing scavenging
bacteria that grow better at higher pH was occurring towards the end
of the reactor. Due to the ability of activity in acetate environment the
percentages of Methanococcus, Methanosarcina and Methanotrix
were higher than other kinds of methane former in the system.
[1] A.J. Ragauskas, C.K. Williams, B.H. Davison, G. Britovsek, J. Cairney,
C.A. Eckert, W.J. Frederick Jr., J.P. Hallett, D.J. Leak and C.L. Liotta et
al., The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials, Science 311 (2006),
pp. 484-489.
[2] G.W. Huber, S. Iborra and A. Corma, Synthesis of transportation fuels
from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering, Chem Rev 106
(2006), pp. 4044-4098.
[3] J.W. Gosselink, Pathways to a more sustainable production of energy:
sustainable hydrogen ÔÇö a research objective for Shell, Int J Hydrogen
Energy 27 (2002), pp. 1125-1129.
[4] G. Gonzalez-Gil, R. Kleerebezem, A. van Aelst, G.R. Zoutberg, A.I.
Versprille and G. Lettinga, Toxicity effects of formaldehyde on
methanol degrading sludge and its anaerobic conversion in Biobed®
expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors, Water Sci Technol 40
(1999), pp. 195-202.
[5] R. Kleerebezem and H. Macarie, Treating industrial wastewater:
Anaerobic digestion comes of age, Chem Eng 110 (2003), pp. 56-64.
[6] J.B. van Lier, P.N.L. Lens and L.W.H. Pol, Anaerobic treatment for C
and S removal in ÔÇÿzero-discharge- paper mills: effects of process design
on S removal efficiencies, Water Sci Technol 44 (2001), pp. 189-195.
[7] S. Kortekaas, G. Vidal, Y.L. He, G. Lettinga and J.A. Field, Anaerobicaerobic
treatment of toxic pulping black liquor with upfront effluent
recirculation, J Ferment Bioeng 86 (1998), pp. 97-110.
[8] L. Seghezzo, C.M. Cuevas, A.P. Trupiano, R.G. Guerra, S.M. Gonzalez,
G. Zeeman and G. Lettinga, Stability and activity of anaerobic sludge
from UASB reactors treating sewage in subtropical regions, Water Sci
Technol 54 (2006), pp. 223-229.
[9] P., A., Vesilind, W., Worrell & D., Renihart, Solid Waste Engineering
(2002) CA, USA: Thomson learning.
[10] W.P. Barber & D.C. Stuckey, The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor
(ABR) for wastewater treatment: a review. Water Resource 33 (1999):
pp. 1559-1578.
[11] APHA - AWWA, 2005. Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater
Examinations. 21th ed. American Public Health Association/American
Water Works Association: Washington, DC.
[12] R. M. Edwards, Inexpensive device for the aerobic and anaerobic
sampling of microorganisms in lake and shallow ocean waters: Applied
Microbiology 29 (1975): pp. 506-509.
[13] D. P. Kunte, T. Y. Yeole, D. R. Ranade, Inactivation of Vibrio cholerae
during anaerobic digestion of human night soil:
Bioresource Technology, 75 (2000): pp. 149-151.
[14] V.N. Anupama, P.N. Amrutha, G.S. Chitra, B. Krishnakumar:
Phosphatase activity in anaerobic bioreactors for wastewater treatment
Water Research, 42 (2008): pp. 2796-2802.
[15] X. Yang, , G. Garuti, , R. Farina, V. Parisi, & A. Tilche, Process
differences between a sludge bed filter and an anaerobic baffled reactor
treating soluble wastes. Proceeding of 5th International Symposium on
Anaerobic Digestion, Bologna, Italy, 1988, pp. 355-360.
[16] Polprasert, C. 1996. Organic waste recycling, technology and
management. 2nd ed. Chichester: John Wiley and sons Publication.
[17] A. Tilche, & X. Yang, Light and scanning electron microscope
observations on the granular biomass of experimental SBAF and HABR
reactors. Proceedings of Gasmat Workshop, Netherlands, 1987 pp. 170-
178.
[18] R. Boopathy, & A. Tilche, Pelletization of biomass in a hybrid
anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) treating acidified wastewater.
Bioresource Technology 40 (1992) : pp. 101-107
[1] A.J. Ragauskas, C.K. Williams, B.H. Davison, G. Britovsek, J. Cairney,
C.A. Eckert, W.J. Frederick Jr., J.P. Hallett, D.J. Leak and C.L. Liotta et
al., The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials, Science 311 (2006),
pp. 484-489.
[2] G.W. Huber, S. Iborra and A. Corma, Synthesis of transportation fuels
from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering, Chem Rev 106
(2006), pp. 4044-4098.
[3] J.W. Gosselink, Pathways to a more sustainable production of energy:
sustainable hydrogen ÔÇö a research objective for Shell, Int J Hydrogen
Energy 27 (2002), pp. 1125-1129.
[4] G. Gonzalez-Gil, R. Kleerebezem, A. van Aelst, G.R. Zoutberg, A.I.
Versprille and G. Lettinga, Toxicity effects of formaldehyde on
methanol degrading sludge and its anaerobic conversion in Biobed®
expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors, Water Sci Technol 40
(1999), pp. 195-202.
[5] R. Kleerebezem and H. Macarie, Treating industrial wastewater:
Anaerobic digestion comes of age, Chem Eng 110 (2003), pp. 56-64.
[6] J.B. van Lier, P.N.L. Lens and L.W.H. Pol, Anaerobic treatment for C
and S removal in ÔÇÿzero-discharge- paper mills: effects of process design
on S removal efficiencies, Water Sci Technol 44 (2001), pp. 189-195.
[7] S. Kortekaas, G. Vidal, Y.L. He, G. Lettinga and J.A. Field, Anaerobicaerobic
treatment of toxic pulping black liquor with upfront effluent
recirculation, J Ferment Bioeng 86 (1998), pp. 97-110.
[8] L. Seghezzo, C.M. Cuevas, A.P. Trupiano, R.G. Guerra, S.M. Gonzalez,
G. Zeeman and G. Lettinga, Stability and activity of anaerobic sludge
from UASB reactors treating sewage in subtropical regions, Water Sci
Technol 54 (2006), pp. 223-229.
[9] P., A., Vesilind, W., Worrell & D., Renihart, Solid Waste Engineering
(2002) CA, USA: Thomson learning.
[10] W.P. Barber & D.C. Stuckey, The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor
(ABR) for wastewater treatment: a review. Water Resource 33 (1999):
pp. 1559-1578.
[11] APHA - AWWA, 2005. Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater
Examinations. 21th ed. American Public Health Association/American
Water Works Association: Washington, DC.
[12] R. M. Edwards, Inexpensive device for the aerobic and anaerobic
sampling of microorganisms in lake and shallow ocean waters: Applied
Microbiology 29 (1975): pp. 506-509.
[13] D. P. Kunte, T. Y. Yeole, D. R. Ranade, Inactivation of Vibrio cholerae
during anaerobic digestion of human night soil:
Bioresource Technology, 75 (2000): pp. 149-151.
[14] V.N. Anupama, P.N. Amrutha, G.S. Chitra, B. Krishnakumar:
Phosphatase activity in anaerobic bioreactors for wastewater treatment
Water Research, 42 (2008): pp. 2796-2802.
[15] X. Yang, , G. Garuti, , R. Farina, V. Parisi, & A. Tilche, Process
differences between a sludge bed filter and an anaerobic baffled reactor
treating soluble wastes. Proceeding of 5th International Symposium on
Anaerobic Digestion, Bologna, Italy, 1988, pp. 355-360.
[16] Polprasert, C. 1996. Organic waste recycling, technology and
management. 2nd ed. Chichester: John Wiley and sons Publication.
[17] A. Tilche, & X. Yang, Light and scanning electron microscope
observations on the granular biomass of experimental SBAF and HABR
reactors. Proceedings of Gasmat Workshop, Netherlands, 1987 pp. 170-
178.
[18] R. Boopathy, & A. Tilche, Pelletization of biomass in a hybrid
anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) treating acidified wastewater.
Bioresource Technology 40 (1992) : pp. 101-107
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:61488", author = "A. Malakahmad and S.M. Zain and N.E. Ahmad Basri and S. R. Mohamed Kutty and M. H. Isa", title = "Identification of Anaerobic Microorganisms for Converting Kitchen Waste to Biogas", abstract = "Anaerobic digestion process is one of the alternative
methods to convert organic waste into methane gas which is a fuel
and energy source. Activities of various kinds of microorganisms are
the main factor for anaerobic digestion which produces methane gas.
Therefore, in this study a modified Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
with working volume of 50 liters was designed to identify the
microorganisms through biogas production. The mixture of 75%
kitchen waste and 25% sewage sludge was used as substrate.
Observations on microorganisms in the ABR showed that there exists
a small amount of protozoa (5%) and fungi (2%) in the system, but
almost 93% of the microorganism population consists of bacteria. It
is definitely clear that bacteria are responsible for anaerobic
biodegradation of kitchen waste. Results show that in the
acidification zone of the ABR (front compartments of reactor) fast
growing bacteria capable of growth at high substrate levels and
reduced pH was dominant. A shift to slower growing scavenging
bacteria that grow better at higher pH was occurring towards the end
of the reactor. Due to the ability of activity in acetate environment the
percentages of Methanococcus, Methanosarcina and Methanotrix
were higher than other kinds of methane former in the system.", keywords = "Anaerobic microorganism identification, Kitchenwaste, Biogas.", volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "416-4", }
