Hypoglycemic Activity of Water Soluble Polysaccharides of Yam (Dioscorea hispida Dents) Prepared by Aqueous, Papain, and Tempeh Inoculum Assisted Extractions
This research studied the hypoglycemic effect of
water soluble polysaccharide (WSP) extracted from yam (Dioscorea
hispida) tuber by three different methods: aqueous extraction, papain
assisted extraction, and tempeh inoculums assisted extraction. The
two later extraction methods were aimed to remove WSP binding
protein to have more pure WSP. The hypoglycemic activities were
evaluated by means in vivo test on alloxan induced hyperglycemic
rats, glucose response test (GRT), in situ glucose absorption test
using everted sac, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis. All
yam WSP extracts exhibited ability to decrease blood glucose level in
hyperglycemia condition as well as inhibited glucose absorption and
SCFA formation. The order of hypoglycemic activity was tempeh
inoculums assisted- >papain assisted- >aqueous WSP extracts. GRT
and in situ glucose absorption test showed that order of inhibition
was papain assisted- >tempeh inoculums assisted- >aqueous WSP
extracts. Digesta of caecum of yam WSP extracts oral fed rats had
more SCFA than control. Tempeh inoculums assisted WSP extract
exhibited the most significant hypoglycemic activity.
[1] T. Myoda, Y. Matsuda, T. Suzuki, T. Nakagawa, T. Nagai, and T.
Nagashima, "Identification of soluble proteins and interaction with
mannan in mucilage of Dioscorea opposite Thunb. (Chinese yam
tuber)", Food Sci Technol Res, vol. 12, no. 4, pp 299-302, 2006.
[2] C.W. Hou, M.H Lee, H.J. Chen, W.L. Liang, C.H. Han, Y.W. Liu, and
Y.H. Lin, "Antioxidant activities of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam
(Dioscorea batatas Decne) tuber", J Agric Food Chem, vol. 49, pp
4956-4960, 2001.
[3] Y.W. Liu, H.F. Shang, C.K. Wang, F.L. Hsu, and W.C Hou,
"Immunomodulatory activity of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam
(Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong no.1) tuber", Food and Chem Toxicol, vol.
45, pp 2312-2318, 2007.
[4] Y.C. Chan, C.K. Hsu, M.F. Wang, J.W. Liao, and T.Y. Su, "Beneficial
effect of yam on the amyloid β-protein, monoamine oxidase B and
cognitive deficit in mice with accelerated senescence", J Sci Food Agric,
vol. 86, pp 1517-1525, 2006
[5] S.T. Chou, B.H. Chiang, Y.C. Chung, P.C. Chen, and C.K. Hsu, "Effects
of storage temperatures on the antioxidative activity and composition of
yam", Food Chem, vol. 98, pp 618-623, 2006.
[6] L. Braun, "Wild yam Dioscorea sp. Complementary Medicine", vol. 7,
no. 2, pp 40-42, 2008.
[7] D.J. Yang and J.T. Lin, "Effects of different storage conditions on
steroidal saponins in yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto)
tubers", Food Chem, vol. 110, pp 670-677, 2008.
[8] Y.M. Liu, and K.W. Lin, "Antioxidative ability, dioscorin stability, and
the quality of yam chips from various yam species as affected by
processing method", J Food Sci, vol. 74, no. 2, pp C118-C125, 2009.
[9] F.H. Hsu, Y.H. Lin, M.H. Lee, C.L. Lin, and W.C. Hou, "Both
dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong
No. 1), and its peptic hydrolysates exhibited angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitory activities", J Agric Food Chem, vol. 50, no. 21, pp
6109-6113, 2002.
[10] D.T. Zava, C.M. Dollbaum, and M. Blen, M. "Estrogen and progestin
bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices", Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., vol.
217, pp 369-378, 1998.
[11] Y. Fu, L.A. Ferng, and P. Huang, "Quantitative analysis of allantoin and
allantoic acid in yam tuber, mucilage, skin and bulbil of the Dioscorea
species", Food Chem, vol. 94, pp 541-549, 2006.
[12] Y. Ohizumi, M. Gaidamashvili, S. Ohwada, K. Matsuda, J. Kominami,
N. Sachiko, J. Hirabayashi, T. Naganuma, T. Ogawa, and K. Muramoto,
"Mannose-binding lectin from yam (Dioscorea batatas) tubers with
insecticidal properties against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae)", J Agric Food Chem, vol. 57, pp 2896-2902, 2009.
[13] M. Tsukui, T. Nagashima, H. Sato, and T. Kozima, "Electrophoretic
analysis of glycoprotein from yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)
mucilage", J Food Preservation Sci, vol. 25, pp 283-286, 1999a.
[14] M. Tsukui, T. Nagashima, H. Sato, T. Kozima, and W. Tanimura,
"Characterization of yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) mucilage and
polysaccharide with different varieties", J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol,
vol. 46, pp 575-580, 1999b.
[15] Wu RT, "Polysaccharide extract of Dioscorea sp and an orally active
pharmaceutical composition comprising the same", Patent US
20050196479A1, 2005.
[16] Y. Uno, S. Hashidume, O. Kurita, T. Fujiwara, and K. Nomura,
"Dioscorea opposite Thunb. a mannosiadse belongs to the glycosyl
hydrolase family 38", Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 32, pp 713-
718, 2010.
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consumptionand prevention of diabetes", J Nutr, vol. 138, pp 439-442,
2008.
[18] J. Lunn and J.L. Buttriss, "Carbohydrates and dietary fibre", Nutrition
Bulletin, vol. 32, pp 21-64, 2007.
[19] C.A. Edwards and I.R. Rowland, "Bacterial fermentation in the colon
and its measurement. In: Schweizer TF, Edwards CA, eds. Dietary fibrea
component of food. Nutritional function in health and disease. London:
Springer-Verlag, 119-50, 1992.
[20] P.G. Reeves, F.H. Nilson, and G.C. Fahey, "Purified diet for laboratory
rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing
committee on the reformulation of AIN-76 a rodent diet", J Nutr, vol.
123, pp 1939-1951, 1993.
[21] Harijono, T. Estiasih, and W.B. Sunarharum, "Bioactive polysaccharides
extraction of gadung and gembili and their capability for diabetic
therapy and reducing cholesterol", Report of National Priority
Competitive Research Grant Batch I. Research Center, University of
Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, 2009.
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of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.AOAC,
Washington DC, USA, 1990.
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M.B.S.M.J. Pauliena, and M.S. Muskinah MS, "Hypoglycaemic
properties of Malaysian cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) polyphenols-rich
extract", International Food Research Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp 305-
312, 2008.
[24] Y. Zhao, Y.O. Son, S.S. Kim, Y.S. Jang, and J.C. Lee, "Antioxidant and
anti-hyperglycemic activity of polysaccharide isolated from Dendrobium
chrysotoxum Lindl", J of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 40,
no. 5, pp 670-677, 2007.
[25] J.T. Xie, J.A. Wu, S. Mehendale, H.H. Aung, and C.S. Yuan "Antihyperglycemic
effect of the polysaccharides fraction from American
ginseng berry extract in ob/ob mice", Phytomedicine, vol. 11, pp 182-
187, 2004.
[26] Harijono, T. Estiasih, W.B. Sunarharum, and I.K. Suwita,
"Hypoglycaemic effect of water soluble polysaccharides extracted from
gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) by various methods", J Teknol dan
Industri Pangan, vol. XXIII, no. 1, pp 1-8, 2012.
[27] C.K. Riley, A.O. Wheatly, and H.N. Asemota, "Physicochemical
characterization of starches from Jamaican yams (Dioscorea spp.):
potential for pharmaceutical exploitations", Eur J Sci Res, vol. 15, no. 2,
pp 207-219, 2006.
[28] D. Sumangat, B.S. Sembiring, and C. Winarti, "Bioconvetion of cashew
nut fruits into microbial protein concentrate. Buletin TRO, vol. 14, no. 2,
pp 1-8, 2003.
[29] A. Susilowati, Aspiyanto, S. Moerniati, and Y. Maryati, "Potency of
amino acids as savory fraction from vegetable broth of mung beans
(Phaseolus radiatus l.) through brine fermentation by Rhizopus-C1",
Indo J Chem, vol. 9, no. 2, pp 339-346, 2009.
[30] G.A. Youssef, "Physiological studies of cellulase complex enzymes of
Aspergillus oryzae and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulase",
African J Microbiol Res, vol. 5, no.11, pp 1311-1321, 2011.
[31] G. Chiang, W.Q. Lu, X.S. Piao, J.K. Hu, L.M. Gong, and P.A. Tracker,
"Beneficial effects of Rhizopus oligosporus fermentation on reduction of
glucosinolates, fibre and phytic acid in rapeseed (Brassica napus)
Meal", Asian-Aust J of Anim Sci vol. 23, no. 2, pp 263-271, 2010.
[32] K.O. Shin, J.R. Jeon, J.S. Lee, J.Y. Kim, C.H. Lee, S.D. Kim, Y.S. Yu,
and D.H. Nam, "Lactic acid fermentation of Chinese yam (Dioscorea
batatas Decne) flour and its pharmacological effect on gastrointestinal
function in rat model", Biotechnol and Bioprocess Eng, vol. 11, no. 3,
pp 240-244, 2006.
[33] T. Kiho, M. Kochi, S. Usui, K. Hirano, K. Aizawa, and T. Inakum,
"Antidiabetic effect of an acidic polysaccharide (TAP) from Tremella
aurantia and its degradation product (TAP-H). Biol Pharm Bull, vol. 24,
no. 12, pp 1400-1403, 2001.
[34] A. Mortensen, S.E. Kulling, H. Schwartz, I. Rowland, C.E. Ruefer, G.
Rimbach, A. Cassidy, P. Magee, J. Millar, W.L. Hall, F.B. Birkved, I.K.
Sorensen, AND G. Sontag, "Analytical and compositional aspects of
isoflavones in food and their biological effects", Mol Nutr Food Res, vol
53, 2009.
[35] J. Ni├▒o, D.A. Jiménez, O.M. Mosquera, AND Y.M. Correa", "Diosgenin
quantification by HPLC in a Dioscorea polygonoidestuber collection
from Colombian flora", J Braz Chem Soc, vol 18, no. 5, pp 1073-1076,
2007.
[36] Al-Habori and A. Raman, "Antidiabetic and hypocholesterolaemic
effects of fenugreek", Phytother Res, vol. 12, pp 233-242, 1998.
[37] C.L. Lee, H.K. Hung, J.J. Wang, and T.M. Pan, "Improving the ratio of
monacolin K to citrinin production of Monascus purpureus NTU 568
under Dioscorea medium through the mediation of pH value and ethanol
addition", J Agric Food Chem., vol. 16, pp 6493-6502, 2007.
[38] P. McCue, Y.I. Kwon, and K. Shetty, "Anti-diabetic and antihypertensive
potential of sprouted and solid-state bioprocessed
soybean", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, vol. 14, no. 2, pp 145-152, 2005.
[39] S. Chearskul, S. Sangurai, W. Nitiyanant, W. Kriengsinyos, S.
Kooptiwut, and T. Harindhanavudhi, "Glycemic and lipid responses to
glucomannan in Thais with type 2 diabetes mellitus", J Med Assoc Thai,
vol 90, no. 10, pp 2150-2156, 2007.
[40] V. Vuksan, D.J. Jenkins, P. Spadafora, J.L. Sievenpiper, R. Owen, E.
Vidgen, F. Brighenti, R. Josse, L.A. Leiter, and C. Bruce-Thompson,
"Konjac-mannan (glucomannan) improves glycemia and other
associated risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. A
randomized controlled metabolic trial", Diabetes Care, vol. 22, no. 6, pp
913-919, 1999.
[41] M. Madar, M. Nir, N. Trostler, and C. Norenberg, "Effects of cottonseed
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[1] T. Myoda, Y. Matsuda, T. Suzuki, T. Nakagawa, T. Nagai, and T.
Nagashima, "Identification of soluble proteins and interaction with
mannan in mucilage of Dioscorea opposite Thunb. (Chinese yam
tuber)", Food Sci Technol Res, vol. 12, no. 4, pp 299-302, 2006.
[2] C.W. Hou, M.H Lee, H.J. Chen, W.L. Liang, C.H. Han, Y.W. Liu, and
Y.H. Lin, "Antioxidant activities of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam
(Dioscorea batatas Decne) tuber", J Agric Food Chem, vol. 49, pp
4956-4960, 2001.
[3] Y.W. Liu, H.F. Shang, C.K. Wang, F.L. Hsu, and W.C Hou,
"Immunomodulatory activity of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam
(Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong no.1) tuber", Food and Chem Toxicol, vol.
45, pp 2312-2318, 2007.
[4] Y.C. Chan, C.K. Hsu, M.F. Wang, J.W. Liao, and T.Y. Su, "Beneficial
effect of yam on the amyloid β-protein, monoamine oxidase B and
cognitive deficit in mice with accelerated senescence", J Sci Food Agric,
vol. 86, pp 1517-1525, 2006
[5] S.T. Chou, B.H. Chiang, Y.C. Chung, P.C. Chen, and C.K. Hsu, "Effects
of storage temperatures on the antioxidative activity and composition of
yam", Food Chem, vol. 98, pp 618-623, 2006.
[6] L. Braun, "Wild yam Dioscorea sp. Complementary Medicine", vol. 7,
no. 2, pp 40-42, 2008.
[7] D.J. Yang and J.T. Lin, "Effects of different storage conditions on
steroidal saponins in yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto)
tubers", Food Chem, vol. 110, pp 670-677, 2008.
[8] Y.M. Liu, and K.W. Lin, "Antioxidative ability, dioscorin stability, and
the quality of yam chips from various yam species as affected by
processing method", J Food Sci, vol. 74, no. 2, pp C118-C125, 2009.
[9] F.H. Hsu, Y.H. Lin, M.H. Lee, C.L. Lin, and W.C. Hou, "Both
dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong
No. 1), and its peptic hydrolysates exhibited angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitory activities", J Agric Food Chem, vol. 50, no. 21, pp
6109-6113, 2002.
[10] D.T. Zava, C.M. Dollbaum, and M. Blen, M. "Estrogen and progestin
bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices", Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., vol.
217, pp 369-378, 1998.
[11] Y. Fu, L.A. Ferng, and P. Huang, "Quantitative analysis of allantoin and
allantoic acid in yam tuber, mucilage, skin and bulbil of the Dioscorea
species", Food Chem, vol. 94, pp 541-549, 2006.
[12] Y. Ohizumi, M. Gaidamashvili, S. Ohwada, K. Matsuda, J. Kominami,
N. Sachiko, J. Hirabayashi, T. Naganuma, T. Ogawa, and K. Muramoto,
"Mannose-binding lectin from yam (Dioscorea batatas) tubers with
insecticidal properties against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae)", J Agric Food Chem, vol. 57, pp 2896-2902, 2009.
[13] M. Tsukui, T. Nagashima, H. Sato, and T. Kozima, "Electrophoretic
analysis of glycoprotein from yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)
mucilage", J Food Preservation Sci, vol. 25, pp 283-286, 1999a.
[14] M. Tsukui, T. Nagashima, H. Sato, T. Kozima, and W. Tanimura,
"Characterization of yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) mucilage and
polysaccharide with different varieties", J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol,
vol. 46, pp 575-580, 1999b.
[15] Wu RT, "Polysaccharide extract of Dioscorea sp and an orally active
pharmaceutical composition comprising the same", Patent US
20050196479A1, 2005.
[16] Y. Uno, S. Hashidume, O. Kurita, T. Fujiwara, and K. Nomura,
"Dioscorea opposite Thunb. a mannosiadse belongs to the glycosyl
hydrolase family 38", Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 32, pp 713-
718, 2010.
[17] M.O. Weickert and A.F.H. Pfeiffer, "Metabolic effects of dietary fiber
consumptionand prevention of diabetes", J Nutr, vol. 138, pp 439-442,
2008.
[18] J. Lunn and J.L. Buttriss, "Carbohydrates and dietary fibre", Nutrition
Bulletin, vol. 32, pp 21-64, 2007.
[19] C.A. Edwards and I.R. Rowland, "Bacterial fermentation in the colon
and its measurement. In: Schweizer TF, Edwards CA, eds. Dietary fibrea
component of food. Nutritional function in health and disease. London:
Springer-Verlag, 119-50, 1992.
[20] P.G. Reeves, F.H. Nilson, and G.C. Fahey, "Purified diet for laboratory
rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing
committee on the reformulation of AIN-76 a rodent diet", J Nutr, vol.
123, pp 1939-1951, 1993.
[21] Harijono, T. Estiasih, and W.B. Sunarharum, "Bioactive polysaccharides
extraction of gadung and gembili and their capability for diabetic
therapy and reducing cholesterol", Report of National Priority
Competitive Research Grant Batch I. Research Center, University of
Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, 2009.
[22] AOAC [Association of official Analytical Chemist], "Official Methods
of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.AOAC,
Washington DC, USA, 1990.
[23] A. Ruzaidi, A. Maleyki, I. Amin, A.G. Nawalyah, H. Muhajir,
M.B.S.M.J. Pauliena, and M.S. Muskinah MS, "Hypoglycaemic
properties of Malaysian cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) polyphenols-rich
extract", International Food Research Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp 305-
312, 2008.
[24] Y. Zhao, Y.O. Son, S.S. Kim, Y.S. Jang, and J.C. Lee, "Antioxidant and
anti-hyperglycemic activity of polysaccharide isolated from Dendrobium
chrysotoxum Lindl", J of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 40,
no. 5, pp 670-677, 2007.
[25] J.T. Xie, J.A. Wu, S. Mehendale, H.H. Aung, and C.S. Yuan "Antihyperglycemic
effect of the polysaccharides fraction from American
ginseng berry extract in ob/ob mice", Phytomedicine, vol. 11, pp 182-
187, 2004.
[26] Harijono, T. Estiasih, W.B. Sunarharum, and I.K. Suwita,
"Hypoglycaemic effect of water soluble polysaccharides extracted from
gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) by various methods", J Teknol dan
Industri Pangan, vol. XXIII, no. 1, pp 1-8, 2012.
[27] C.K. Riley, A.O. Wheatly, and H.N. Asemota, "Physicochemical
characterization of starches from Jamaican yams (Dioscorea spp.):
potential for pharmaceutical exploitations", Eur J Sci Res, vol. 15, no. 2,
pp 207-219, 2006.
[28] D. Sumangat, B.S. Sembiring, and C. Winarti, "Bioconvetion of cashew
nut fruits into microbial protein concentrate. Buletin TRO, vol. 14, no. 2,
pp 1-8, 2003.
[29] A. Susilowati, Aspiyanto, S. Moerniati, and Y. Maryati, "Potency of
amino acids as savory fraction from vegetable broth of mung beans
(Phaseolus radiatus l.) through brine fermentation by Rhizopus-C1",
Indo J Chem, vol. 9, no. 2, pp 339-346, 2009.
[30] G.A. Youssef, "Physiological studies of cellulase complex enzymes of
Aspergillus oryzae and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulase",
African J Microbiol Res, vol. 5, no.11, pp 1311-1321, 2011.
[31] G. Chiang, W.Q. Lu, X.S. Piao, J.K. Hu, L.M. Gong, and P.A. Tracker,
"Beneficial effects of Rhizopus oligosporus fermentation on reduction of
glucosinolates, fibre and phytic acid in rapeseed (Brassica napus)
Meal", Asian-Aust J of Anim Sci vol. 23, no. 2, pp 263-271, 2010.
[32] K.O. Shin, J.R. Jeon, J.S. Lee, J.Y. Kim, C.H. Lee, S.D. Kim, Y.S. Yu,
and D.H. Nam, "Lactic acid fermentation of Chinese yam (Dioscorea
batatas Decne) flour and its pharmacological effect on gastrointestinal
function in rat model", Biotechnol and Bioprocess Eng, vol. 11, no. 3,
pp 240-244, 2006.
[33] T. Kiho, M. Kochi, S. Usui, K. Hirano, K. Aizawa, and T. Inakum,
"Antidiabetic effect of an acidic polysaccharide (TAP) from Tremella
aurantia and its degradation product (TAP-H). Biol Pharm Bull, vol. 24,
no. 12, pp 1400-1403, 2001.
[34] A. Mortensen, S.E. Kulling, H. Schwartz, I. Rowland, C.E. Ruefer, G.
Rimbach, A. Cassidy, P. Magee, J. Millar, W.L. Hall, F.B. Birkved, I.K.
Sorensen, AND G. Sontag, "Analytical and compositional aspects of
isoflavones in food and their biological effects", Mol Nutr Food Res, vol
53, 2009.
[35] J. Ni├▒o, D.A. Jiménez, O.M. Mosquera, AND Y.M. Correa", "Diosgenin
quantification by HPLC in a Dioscorea polygonoidestuber collection
from Colombian flora", J Braz Chem Soc, vol 18, no. 5, pp 1073-1076,
2007.
[36] Al-Habori and A. Raman, "Antidiabetic and hypocholesterolaemic
effects of fenugreek", Phytother Res, vol. 12, pp 233-242, 1998.
[37] C.L. Lee, H.K. Hung, J.J. Wang, and T.M. Pan, "Improving the ratio of
monacolin K to citrinin production of Monascus purpureus NTU 568
under Dioscorea medium through the mediation of pH value and ethanol
addition", J Agric Food Chem., vol. 16, pp 6493-6502, 2007.
[38] P. McCue, Y.I. Kwon, and K. Shetty, "Anti-diabetic and antihypertensive
potential of sprouted and solid-state bioprocessed
soybean", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, vol. 14, no. 2, pp 145-152, 2005.
[39] S. Chearskul, S. Sangurai, W. Nitiyanant, W. Kriengsinyos, S.
Kooptiwut, and T. Harindhanavudhi, "Glycemic and lipid responses to
glucomannan in Thais with type 2 diabetes mellitus", J Med Assoc Thai,
vol 90, no. 10, pp 2150-2156, 2007.
[40] V. Vuksan, D.J. Jenkins, P. Spadafora, J.L. Sievenpiper, R. Owen, E.
Vidgen, F. Brighenti, R. Josse, L.A. Leiter, and C. Bruce-Thompson,
"Konjac-mannan (glucomannan) improves glycemia and other
associated risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. A
randomized controlled metabolic trial", Diabetes Care, vol. 22, no. 6, pp
913-919, 1999.
[41] M. Madar, M. Nir, N. Trostler, and C. Norenberg, "Effects of cottonseed
dietary fiber on metabolic parameters in diabetic rats and non-insulindependent
diabetic humans", J Nutr, vol. 118, pp 1143 -1148, 1988.
[42] K. Marsman and M. McBurney, "Dietary fiber and short-chain fatty
acids affect cell proliferation and protein synthesis in isolated rat
colonocytes", J Nutr, vol.126, pp 1429-1437, 1996.
[43] S. Robert, J.J. Matte, C. Farmer, C.L. Girard, and G.P. Martineau,
"High-fibre diets for sows: effects on stereotypes and adjunctive
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@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61054", author = "Teti Estiasih and Harijono and Weny Bekti Sunarharum and Atina Rahmawati", title = "Hypoglycemic Activity of Water Soluble Polysaccharides of Yam (Dioscorea hispida Dents) Prepared by Aqueous, Papain, and Tempeh Inoculum Assisted Extractions", abstract = "This research studied the hypoglycemic effect of
water soluble polysaccharide (WSP) extracted from yam (Dioscorea
hispida) tuber by three different methods: aqueous extraction, papain
assisted extraction, and tempeh inoculums assisted extraction. The
two later extraction methods were aimed to remove WSP binding
protein to have more pure WSP. The hypoglycemic activities were
evaluated by means in vivo test on alloxan induced hyperglycemic
rats, glucose response test (GRT), in situ glucose absorption test
using everted sac, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis. All
yam WSP extracts exhibited ability to decrease blood glucose level in
hyperglycemia condition as well as inhibited glucose absorption and
SCFA formation. The order of hypoglycemic activity was tempeh
inoculums assisted- >papain assisted- >aqueous WSP extracts. GRT
and in situ glucose absorption test showed that order of inhibition
was papain assisted- >tempeh inoculums assisted- >aqueous WSP
extracts. Digesta of caecum of yam WSP extracts oral fed rats had
more SCFA than control. Tempeh inoculums assisted WSP extract
exhibited the most significant hypoglycemic activity.", keywords = "hypoglycemic activity, papain, tempeh inoculums,
water soluble polysaccharides, yam (Discorea hispida)", volume = "6", number = "10", pages = "931-7", }
