Hydrolytic Properties of Ellagic Acid in Commercial Pomegranate Juices
Pomegranate and pomegranate juices (PJs) have taken
great attention for their health benefits in the last years. As there is an
increasing concern about potential health benefits of ellagic acid, it is
of great interest to evaluate alterations in ellagic acid concentration of
commercial PJs. The purpose of this study is to analyze total
phenolic, free and total ellagic acid content of six commercial PJs
sold in Turkish markets using HPLC.
The results showed that some commercial PJs had markedly high
total phenolic and ellagic acid content. Total phenolic substances of
commercial PJs range from 796.71 to 4608.91 mg GAE/l. Free
amount of ellagic acid in commercial PJs range from 27.64 to 111.78
mg/l. Samples are hydrolyzed with concentrated HCl at 93oC for 2
and 24 hour and influences of temperature and time parameters on
hydrolization were investigated. Thermal processing for
pasteurization increased ellagic acid via ellagitannins hydrolysis.
[1] A. Perez-Vicente, A. Gil-Izquierdo, C. Garcia-Viguera, In vitro
gastrointestinal digestion study of pomegranate juice phenolic
compounds, anthocyanins, and vitamin C. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50,
2002, pp. 2308-2312.
[2] M. I. Gil, F. A. Tomas-Barberan, B. Hess-Pierce, D.M. Holcroft, A.A.
Kader, Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and ─▒ts relationship
with phenolic composition and processing. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 48, 2000, pp. 4581-4589.
[3] A. Rommel, E. Ronald, Ellagic Acid Content of Red Raspberry Juice As
Influenced by Cultivar, Processing, and Environmental Factors. J Agric
Food Chem, 4, pp. 1951-1960, 1993.
[4] E.M. Daniel, A.S. Krubnick, Y.H. Heur, J.A.Blinzler, R.W. Nims, G.D.
Stoner , Extraction, stability, and quantitation of ellagic acid in various
fruits and nuts. J Food Comp Anal.; 2: pp.338-349,1989.
[5] B. Cerdá, R. Llorach, J.J. Cerón, J.C. Espín, F.A. Tomás-Barberán,
Evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism in the rat of
punicalagin and antioxidant polyphenol from pomegranate juice.
European Journal of Nutrition, 2003 (42), 2003, pp. 18-28.
[6] J.C. Espín, R. González-Barrio, B. Cerdá, C. López-Bote, A.I. Rey,
F.A. Tomás-Barberán, Iberian pig as a model to clarify obscure points in
the bioavailability and metabolism of ellagitannins in humans Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 2007, pp. 10476-10485.
[7] B. Cerdá, J.C. Espín, S. Parra, P. Martínez, F.A. Tomás-Barberán, The
potent in vitro antioxidant ellagitannins from pomegranate juice are
metabolized into bioavailable but poor antioxidant hydroxy-6Hdibenzopyran-
6-one derivatives by the colonic microflora in healthy
humans. European Journal of Nutrition, 43, 2004, pp. 205-220.
[8] M. Larrosa, A. González-Sarrías, M.T. García-Conesa, F.A. Tomás-
Barberán, J.C. Espín, Urolithins, ellagic acid-derived metabolites
produced by human colonic microflora, exhibit estrogenic and
antiestrogenic activities Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
54, 2006, pp.1611-1620.
[9] B. Cerdá, P. Periago, J.C. Espín, F.A. Tomás-Barbera, Identification of
urolithin A as a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from
ellagic acid and related compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, 53, 2005, pp. 5571-5576.
[10] P. Huetz, N. Mavaddat, J. Mavri, Reaction between Ellagic Acid and an
Ultimate Carcinogen. J.Chem.─▒nf.Model, 45, 2005,pp. 1564-1570.
[11] D.A. Vattem, K. Shetty, Biological functionality of ellagic acid: a
review. J Food Biochem, 29, 2004, pp. 234-266.
[12] Z. Papouts, E. Kass─▒, A. Tsiapara, N. Fokialakis, G.P. Chrousos, P.
Moutsatsou, Evaluation of Estrogenic/Antiestrogenic Activity of Ellagic
Acid vi the Estrogen Receptor Subtypes ER and ER. J. Agric. Food
Chem., 53, 2005, pp. 7715-7720.
[13] A. Ekşi, E. Akdağ, Türkiye-de meyve suyu üretimi ve tüketimi 2006. 4
Mevsim Meyve Suyu, 5(1), 2007, pp. 2-4.
[14] F. Tezcan, M. Gültekin-Özguven, T. Diken, B. Özcelik, F.B. Erim.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic, organic acid, and sugar content
in commercial pomegranate juices. Food Chem. 115: 2009, pp. 873-
877.
[15] G.A. Spanos, R.E. Wrolstad, D.A.Heatherbell, Influence of processing
and storage on the phenolic composition of apple juice. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38: 1572-1579,1990.
[16] E. Poyrazoglu, V. Gökmen, N. Artik, Organic acids and phenolic
compounds in pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) grown in Turkey. J
Food Compos Anal,15, 2002, pp. 567-575.
[17] M. Ozgen, C. Durgac, S. Serce, and C. Kaya, Chemical and antioxidant
properties of pomegranate cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region
of Turkey. Food Chem. 111:703-706, 2008.
[18] M. Cam, Y. Hisil, and G. Durmaz, Characterization of pomegranate
juices from ten cultivars grown in Turkey. Intl. J. Food Properties
12:388-395, 2009.
[19] G. Mousavinejad, Z. Emam-Djomeh, K. Rezaei, and M.H.H.
Khodaparast, Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds
and their effects on antioxidant activity in pomegranate juices of eight
Iranian cultivars. Food Chem. 115:1274-1278, 2009.
[20] E. Bakkalbasi, O. Mentes, N Artik, Food ellagitanninsÔÇöOccurrence,
effects of processing and storage. Critical Reviews in Food Science and
Nutrition, 49 (3), 2009, 283-298.
[1] A. Perez-Vicente, A. Gil-Izquierdo, C. Garcia-Viguera, In vitro
gastrointestinal digestion study of pomegranate juice phenolic
compounds, anthocyanins, and vitamin C. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50,
2002, pp. 2308-2312.
[2] M. I. Gil, F. A. Tomas-Barberan, B. Hess-Pierce, D.M. Holcroft, A.A.
Kader, Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and ─▒ts relationship
with phenolic composition and processing. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 48, 2000, pp. 4581-4589.
[3] A. Rommel, E. Ronald, Ellagic Acid Content of Red Raspberry Juice As
Influenced by Cultivar, Processing, and Environmental Factors. J Agric
Food Chem, 4, pp. 1951-1960, 1993.
[4] E.M. Daniel, A.S. Krubnick, Y.H. Heur, J.A.Blinzler, R.W. Nims, G.D.
Stoner , Extraction, stability, and quantitation of ellagic acid in various
fruits and nuts. J Food Comp Anal.; 2: pp.338-349,1989.
[5] B. Cerdá, R. Llorach, J.J. Cerón, J.C. Espín, F.A. Tomás-Barberán,
Evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism in the rat of
punicalagin and antioxidant polyphenol from pomegranate juice.
European Journal of Nutrition, 2003 (42), 2003, pp. 18-28.
[6] J.C. Espín, R. González-Barrio, B. Cerdá, C. López-Bote, A.I. Rey,
F.A. Tomás-Barberán, Iberian pig as a model to clarify obscure points in
the bioavailability and metabolism of ellagitannins in humans Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 2007, pp. 10476-10485.
[7] B. Cerdá, J.C. Espín, S. Parra, P. Martínez, F.A. Tomás-Barberán, The
potent in vitro antioxidant ellagitannins from pomegranate juice are
metabolized into bioavailable but poor antioxidant hydroxy-6Hdibenzopyran-
6-one derivatives by the colonic microflora in healthy
humans. European Journal of Nutrition, 43, 2004, pp. 205-220.
[8] M. Larrosa, A. González-Sarrías, M.T. García-Conesa, F.A. Tomás-
Barberán, J.C. Espín, Urolithins, ellagic acid-derived metabolites
produced by human colonic microflora, exhibit estrogenic and
antiestrogenic activities Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
54, 2006, pp.1611-1620.
[9] B. Cerdá, P. Periago, J.C. Espín, F.A. Tomás-Barbera, Identification of
urolithin A as a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from
ellagic acid and related compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, 53, 2005, pp. 5571-5576.
[10] P. Huetz, N. Mavaddat, J. Mavri, Reaction between Ellagic Acid and an
Ultimate Carcinogen. J.Chem.─▒nf.Model, 45, 2005,pp. 1564-1570.
[11] D.A. Vattem, K. Shetty, Biological functionality of ellagic acid: a
review. J Food Biochem, 29, 2004, pp. 234-266.
[12] Z. Papouts, E. Kass─▒, A. Tsiapara, N. Fokialakis, G.P. Chrousos, P.
Moutsatsou, Evaluation of Estrogenic/Antiestrogenic Activity of Ellagic
Acid vi the Estrogen Receptor Subtypes ER and ER. J. Agric. Food
Chem., 53, 2005, pp. 7715-7720.
[13] A. Ekşi, E. Akdağ, Türkiye-de meyve suyu üretimi ve tüketimi 2006. 4
Mevsim Meyve Suyu, 5(1), 2007, pp. 2-4.
[14] F. Tezcan, M. Gültekin-Özguven, T. Diken, B. Özcelik, F.B. Erim.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic, organic acid, and sugar content
in commercial pomegranate juices. Food Chem. 115: 2009, pp. 873-
877.
[15] G.A. Spanos, R.E. Wrolstad, D.A.Heatherbell, Influence of processing
and storage on the phenolic composition of apple juice. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38: 1572-1579,1990.
[16] E. Poyrazoglu, V. Gökmen, N. Artik, Organic acids and phenolic
compounds in pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) grown in Turkey. J
Food Compos Anal,15, 2002, pp. 567-575.
[17] M. Ozgen, C. Durgac, S. Serce, and C. Kaya, Chemical and antioxidant
properties of pomegranate cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region
of Turkey. Food Chem. 111:703-706, 2008.
[18] M. Cam, Y. Hisil, and G. Durmaz, Characterization of pomegranate
juices from ten cultivars grown in Turkey. Intl. J. Food Properties
12:388-395, 2009.
[19] G. Mousavinejad, Z. Emam-Djomeh, K. Rezaei, and M.H.H.
Khodaparast, Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds
and their effects on antioxidant activity in pomegranate juices of eight
Iranian cultivars. Food Chem. 115:1274-1278, 2009.
[20] E. Bakkalbasi, O. Mentes, N Artik, Food ellagitanninsÔÇöOccurrence,
effects of processing and storage. Critical Reviews in Food Science and
Nutrition, 49 (3), 2009, 283-298.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:64123", author = "Sibel Uzuner and Jale Acar", title = "Hydrolytic Properties of Ellagic Acid in Commercial Pomegranate Juices", abstract = "Pomegranate and pomegranate juices (PJs) have taken
great attention for their health benefits in the last years. As there is an
increasing concern about potential health benefits of ellagic acid, it is
of great interest to evaluate alterations in ellagic acid concentration of
commercial PJs. The purpose of this study is to analyze total
phenolic, free and total ellagic acid content of six commercial PJs
sold in Turkish markets using HPLC.
The results showed that some commercial PJs had markedly high
total phenolic and ellagic acid content. Total phenolic substances of
commercial PJs range from 796.71 to 4608.91 mg GAE/l. Free
amount of ellagic acid in commercial PJs range from 27.64 to 111.78
mg/l. Samples are hydrolyzed with concentrated HCl at 93oC for 2
and 24 hour and influences of temperature and time parameters on
hydrolization were investigated. Thermal processing for
pasteurization increased ellagic acid via ellagitannins hydrolysis.", keywords = "Ellagic acid, ellagitannin, pomegranate juice, total
phenolic compounds", volume = "6", number = "7", pages = "577-4", }
