Graft Copolymerization of Cellulose Acetate with Nitro-N-Amino Phenyl Maleimides

The construction of Nitro -N-amino phenyl maleimide branches onto Cellulose acetate (CA) substrate by free radical graft copolymerization using benzoyl peroxide as initiator led to formation of highly thermal stable copolymers as shown from the results of gravimetric analysis (TGA). CA-g-2,4-dinitro amino phenyl maleimide exhibited higher thermal stability than the CA-g-4-nitro amino phenyl maleimide as shown from the initial decomposition temperature (To). This is due to the ability of nitro group to form hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl group of the glucopyranose ring which increases the crystallinity of polymeric matrix. The crystalline shapes representing the graft part are clearly distinct in the Emission scanning electron microscope (ESEM) morphology of the copolymer. A suggested reaction mechanism for the grafting process was also discussed.





References:
[1] S. Fischer, K. Thümmler, B. Volkert, K. Hettrich, I.Schmidt, K. Fischer, “Properties and Applications of Cellulose Acetate,” Macromol. Symp. Vol. 262, pp. 89–96 2008.
[2] J. Chen, J. Xu, K. Wang, X. Cao and R. Sun, "Cellulose acetate fibers prepared from different raw materials with rapid synthesis method," Carbohydr. Polym. Vol. 137, pp. 685–692, 2016.
[3] V. Kumar, T. Stefan and I. Voicu, "Recent advances in cellulose and chitosan based membranes for water purification: A concise review," Carbohydr. Polym., Vol. 146, pp. 148–165, 2016.
[4] L. Naira and C. .Laurencin, "Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials," Prog. Polym. Sci., Vol. 32, pp. 762–798, 2007.
[5] B. Imre and B.Pukánszky, "Compatibilization in bio-based and biodegradable polymer blends," Eur. Polym. J., Vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1215-1233, June 2013.
[6] S. Zhan, N. Liu, W. Wang, S. Chen and J. Wang, "Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Graft-Poly(L-lactic acid) Microparticles," Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 1432–1436, 2016.
[7] A. Al-Ghamdi and A. Abdel-Naby,"Chemical modification of cellulose acetate by N-(phenyl amino) maleimides: Characterization and properties," Int. J. Bio. Macromole, Vol. 68, pp. 21–27, 2014.
[8] A. Abdel-Naby and A. Al-Dossary, "Use of N-(N’-Arylamin) maleimides to Improve the Thermal Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Through Chemical Modification and Graft Copolymerization," J. Vinyl Addit. Technol., Vol.14, pp. 167, 2008.
[9] A. Abdel-Naby and A. Al-Dossary, "Inhibition of the Thermal Degradation of Rigid Poly(vinyl chloride) by Dienophilic Compounds," J. Vinyl. Addit. Technol, Vol. 14, pp. 175, 2008.