Germination of Barley as Affected by the Allelopathy of Sisymbrium irio L. and Descurainiasophia (L.) Schur
An experiment was conducted under controlled
conditions to study the effect of water extract of leaves, shoots and
roots of either Sisymbrium irio L. =SISIR and or Descurainia
sophia (L.) Schur =DESSO on the germination and primary growth
of barley. A split-split plot experiment in CRD with three
replications was used. The main plots were the type of weed: i.e.
SISIR and DESSO and the sub-plots were type of organ: i.e. leaf,
stem and root and, the sub-sub plots were concentration of the
water extract of each organ of the weeds: i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v.
The results showed that the SISIR water extracts had a greater
inhibitory effects on the germination and primary growth of barley
than those of DESSO water extracts. The water extracts of the
leaves of both weeds had the greatest inhibitory effects on the
germination and primary growth of barley, compared to those of
stems and roots. Increasing the concentration of water extracts of
leaves, stems and roots of both weeds up to 8 % caused the greatest
inhibitory effects to barley and reduced the germination rate and
primary growth of it linearly.
[1] V. Ninkovic, "Volatile communication between barley plants affects
biomass allocation," J. of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 389,
pp. 1931-1939, Aug. 2003.
[2] M. Olofsdotter, "Getting closer to breeding for competitive ability
and role of allelopathy-an example from rice (Oryza sativa)," Weed
Tech., vol. 15, pp. 798-806, 2001.
[3] Inderjit, M. Olofsdotterand, and J. C. Streibig, "Wheat (Triticum
aestivum) interference with seedling growth of perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne): influence of density and age," Weed Tech., vol.
15, pp.807-812,2001.
[4] Golisz, B. Lata, S. W. Gawronski and Y. Fujii, "Specific and total
activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat," Weed
Biology and Management, vol. 7, pp. 164-171, 2007.
[5] Tanveer, A. Rehman, M. M. Javaid, R. N. Abbas, M. Sibtain, A. U.
Ahmad, M. S. Ibinizamir, K. M. Chaudhary and A. Aziz,
"Allelopathic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia L. against wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil
(Lens culinaris Medic.)," Turk J. Agric, vol. 34, pp. 75-81, 2010.
[6] L. R. Gibson, and M. Liebman, "A laboratory exercise for teaching
plant interference and relative growth rate concepts," Weed Tech.,
vol. 17, pp. 394-402, 2003.
[7] Kadioglu, and Y. Yanar, "Allelopathic effects of plant extracts
against seed germination of some weeds," Asian J. of Plant Sci., vol.
3, no.4, pp. 472-475, 2004.
[8] M. Olofsdotter, D. Navarez, M. Rebulanan and J. Cstreibig. 1999.
Weed- suppressing rice cultivars-dose allelopathy play a role?.
Weed Research. 39:441-454.
[9] S. Zuo, Y. Ma and I Shinobu, "Ecological adaptation of weed
biodiversity to the allelopathic rank of the stubble of different wheat
genotypes in a maize field," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 8,
pp. 161-171, 2008.
[10] S. Mandal, "Allelopathic activity of root exudates from leonurus
sibiricus L. (Raktodrone)," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 1,
pp.170-175, 2001.
[11] R. S. Zeng, M. Luo, Y. H. Shi, M. B. Shi and C. Y. TU,
"Physiological and biochemical mechanism of allelopathy of
secalonic acid f on higher plants," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 72-79,
2001.
[12] L. M. Chung, K. H. Kim, A. S. B. Lee, S. H. Kim and S.
J. Hahn, "Comparison of Allelopathic Potential of Rice Leaves,
Straw, and Hull Extracts on Barnyardgrass," Agronomy J. , vol. 95,
pp. 1063-1070, 2003.
[13] L. B. Jensen, B. Courtois and M. Olofsdotter. 2008. Quantitative
trait loci analysis of allelopathy in rice. Crop Sci 48:1459-1469
(2008).
[14] M. A. Turk, M. K. Shatnawi and A. M. Tawaha, "Inhibitory effects
of aqueous extracts of black mustard on germination and growth of
alfalfa," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 3, pp. 37-40, 2003.
[15] K. T Yokotani., T. Kato, M. M. Parvez, Y. Mori, N. Goto and K.
Hasegawa, "Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis
thaliana (L.) Hevnh. And Neurospora crassa," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 3, pp. 93-97, 2003.
[16] Z. Iqbal, H. Nasir, S. Hiradate and Y. Fujii, "Plant growth inhibitory
activity of Lycoris radiate Herb. And the possible involvement of
lycorine as an allelochemical," Weed Biology and Management, vol.
6, pp. 221-227, 2006.
[17] R. P. Viator, R. M. Johnson, C. C. Grimm and E. P. Richard,
"Allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic effects of postharvest
sugarcane residue," Agron J., vol. 98, pp. 1526-1531, 2006.
[18] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic effect of white top (Lepidium draba) on
wheat and barley," Allelopathy J., vol. 1, pp. 29-40, 1994.
[19] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic potential of white top and Syrian Sage
on vegetable crop," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 64-71, 2001.
[20] L. A. Weston, "History and current trends in the use of allelopathy
for weed management," Agronomy. J., vol. 88, pp. 860-866, 1996.
[21] F. Maighany, J. Khalaghan, M. A. Baghestani and M. Najafpour,
"Allelopathic potential of Trifolium resupinatum L. (Persian clover)
and Trifolium alexandrium L. (Berseem clover)," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 7, pp. 178-183, 2007.
[1] V. Ninkovic, "Volatile communication between barley plants affects
biomass allocation," J. of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 389,
pp. 1931-1939, Aug. 2003.
[2] M. Olofsdotter, "Getting closer to breeding for competitive ability
and role of allelopathy-an example from rice (Oryza sativa)," Weed
Tech., vol. 15, pp. 798-806, 2001.
[3] Inderjit, M. Olofsdotterand, and J. C. Streibig, "Wheat (Triticum
aestivum) interference with seedling growth of perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne): influence of density and age," Weed Tech., vol.
15, pp.807-812,2001.
[4] Golisz, B. Lata, S. W. Gawronski and Y. Fujii, "Specific and total
activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat," Weed
Biology and Management, vol. 7, pp. 164-171, 2007.
[5] Tanveer, A. Rehman, M. M. Javaid, R. N. Abbas, M. Sibtain, A. U.
Ahmad, M. S. Ibinizamir, K. M. Chaudhary and A. Aziz,
"Allelopathic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia L. against wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil
(Lens culinaris Medic.)," Turk J. Agric, vol. 34, pp. 75-81, 2010.
[6] L. R. Gibson, and M. Liebman, "A laboratory exercise for teaching
plant interference and relative growth rate concepts," Weed Tech.,
vol. 17, pp. 394-402, 2003.
[7] Kadioglu, and Y. Yanar, "Allelopathic effects of plant extracts
against seed germination of some weeds," Asian J. of Plant Sci., vol.
3, no.4, pp. 472-475, 2004.
[8] M. Olofsdotter, D. Navarez, M. Rebulanan and J. Cstreibig. 1999.
Weed- suppressing rice cultivars-dose allelopathy play a role?.
Weed Research. 39:441-454.
[9] S. Zuo, Y. Ma and I Shinobu, "Ecological adaptation of weed
biodiversity to the allelopathic rank of the stubble of different wheat
genotypes in a maize field," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 8,
pp. 161-171, 2008.
[10] S. Mandal, "Allelopathic activity of root exudates from leonurus
sibiricus L. (Raktodrone)," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 1,
pp.170-175, 2001.
[11] R. S. Zeng, M. Luo, Y. H. Shi, M. B. Shi and C. Y. TU,
"Physiological and biochemical mechanism of allelopathy of
secalonic acid f on higher plants," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 72-79,
2001.
[12] L. M. Chung, K. H. Kim, A. S. B. Lee, S. H. Kim and S.
J. Hahn, "Comparison of Allelopathic Potential of Rice Leaves,
Straw, and Hull Extracts on Barnyardgrass," Agronomy J. , vol. 95,
pp. 1063-1070, 2003.
[13] L. B. Jensen, B. Courtois and M. Olofsdotter. 2008. Quantitative
trait loci analysis of allelopathy in rice. Crop Sci 48:1459-1469
(2008).
[14] M. A. Turk, M. K. Shatnawi and A. M. Tawaha, "Inhibitory effects
of aqueous extracts of black mustard on germination and growth of
alfalfa," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 3, pp. 37-40, 2003.
[15] K. T Yokotani., T. Kato, M. M. Parvez, Y. Mori, N. Goto and K.
Hasegawa, "Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis
thaliana (L.) Hevnh. And Neurospora crassa," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 3, pp. 93-97, 2003.
[16] Z. Iqbal, H. Nasir, S. Hiradate and Y. Fujii, "Plant growth inhibitory
activity of Lycoris radiate Herb. And the possible involvement of
lycorine as an allelochemical," Weed Biology and Management, vol.
6, pp. 221-227, 2006.
[17] R. P. Viator, R. M. Johnson, C. C. Grimm and E. P. Richard,
"Allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic effects of postharvest
sugarcane residue," Agron J., vol. 98, pp. 1526-1531, 2006.
[18] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic effect of white top (Lepidium draba) on
wheat and barley," Allelopathy J., vol. 1, pp. 29-40, 1994.
[19] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic potential of white top and Syrian Sage
on vegetable crop," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 64-71, 2001.
[20] L. A. Weston, "History and current trends in the use of allelopathy
for weed management," Agronomy. J., vol. 88, pp. 860-866, 1996.
[21] F. Maighany, J. Khalaghan, M. A. Baghestani and M. Najafpour,
"Allelopathic potential of Trifolium resupinatum L. (Persian clover)
and Trifolium alexandrium L. (Berseem clover)," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 7, pp. 178-183, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61563", author = "Sh. Edrisi and A. Farahbakhsh", title = "Germination of Barley as Affected by the Allelopathy of Sisymbrium irio L. and Descurainiasophia (L.) Schur", abstract = "An experiment was conducted under controlled
conditions to study the effect of water extract of leaves, shoots and
roots of either Sisymbrium irio L. =SISIR and or Descurainia
sophia (L.) Schur =DESSO on the germination and primary growth
of barley. A split-split plot experiment in CRD with three
replications was used. The main plots were the type of weed: i.e.
SISIR and DESSO and the sub-plots were type of organ: i.e. leaf,
stem and root and, the sub-sub plots were concentration of the
water extract of each organ of the weeds: i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v.
The results showed that the SISIR water extracts had a greater
inhibitory effects on the germination and primary growth of barley
than those of DESSO water extracts. The water extracts of the
leaves of both weeds had the greatest inhibitory effects on the
germination and primary growth of barley, compared to those of
stems and roots. Increasing the concentration of water extracts of
leaves, stems and roots of both weeds up to 8 % caused the greatest
inhibitory effects to barley and reduced the germination rate and
primary growth of it linearly.", keywords = "Allelopathy, barley, DESSO, SISIR", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "72-3", }
