Fungal Leaching of Hazardous Heavy Metals from a Spent Hydrotreating Catalyst
In this study, the ability of Aspergillus niger and
Penicillium simplicissimum to extract heavy metals from a spent
refinery catalyst was investigated. For the first step, a spent
processing catalyst from one of the oil refineries in Iran was
physically and chemically characterized. Aspergillus niger and
Penicillium simplicissimum were used to mobilize Al/Co/Mo/Ni from
hazardous spent catalysts. The fungi were adapted to the mixture of
metals at 100-800 mg L-1 with increments in concentration of 100 mg
L-1. Bioleaching experiments were carried out in batch cultures. To
investigate the production of organic acids in sucrose medium,
analyses of the culture medium by HPLC were performed at specific
time intervals after inoculation. The results obtained from Inductive
coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed
that after the one-step bioleaching process using Aspergillus niger,
maximum removal efficiencies of 27%, 66%, 62% and 38% were
achieved for Al, Co, Mo and Ni, respectively. However, the highest
removal efficiencies using Penicillium simplicissimum were of 32%,
67%, 65% and 38% for Al, Co, Mo and Ni, respectively
[1] Aung, K.M.M., Ting, Y.P., 2005. Bioleaching of spent fluid catalytic
cracking catalysts using Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol. 116, 159-170.
[2] Bayraktar, O., 2005. Bioleaching of nickel from equilibrium fluid
catalytic cracking catalysts. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21, 661-
665.
[3] Bosshard, P.B., Bachofen, R., Brandl, H., 1996. Metal leaching of fly
ash from municipal waste incineration by Aspergillus niger. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 30, 3066-3070.
[4] Brandl, H., Bosshard, R., Wegmann, M., 2001. Computer munching
microbes: metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi.
Hydrometal. 59, 319-326.
[5] Burgstaller, W., Schinner, F., 1993. Minireview: leaching of metals with
fungi, Biotechnol. 27, 91-116.
[6] Castro, I.M., Fietto, J.L.R., Vieria, R.X., Tropia, M.J.M, Campos,
L.M.M, Paniago, E.B., Branado, R.L., 2000. Bioleaching of zinc and
nickel from silicates using Aspergillus niger cultures. Hydrometal. 57,
39-49.
[7] Furimsky, E., 1996. Spent refinery Catalysts: environment safety and
utilization. Catalysis Today. 30, 223-86.
[8] Gadd, G.M., 1992. Metals and microorganism: a problem definition.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 100, 197-203.
[9] Glombitza, F., Iske, U., Bullmann, M., 1992. Biotechnology based
opportunities for environmental-protection in the Uranium miningindustry.
Acta. Biotechnol. 12(2), 79-85.
[10] Krebs, W., Brombacher, C., Bosshard, P.P., Bachofen, R., Brandl, H.,
1997. Microbial recovery of metals from solids. FEMS Microbial. Rev.
20, 605-617.
[11] Mafigholami, M.R., Borghei, S.M., Mousavi, S.M., Application of a
statistical method to optimize biorecovery of heavy metals from a spent
refinery catalyst by fungi. Iranian J. Chem. and chem. Eng. (Submitted)
[12] Marafi, M., Stanislaus, A., 2003. Options and processes for spent
catalyst handling and utilization. J. Hazard. Mater. B101, 123-132.
[13] Mishra, D., Ahn, J.G., Kim, D.J., Roychaudhury, G., Ralph, D.E., 2009.
Dissolution kinetics of spent petroleum catalyst using sulfur oxidizing
acidophilic microorganisms. Hazard Mater. 167, 1231-1236.
[14] Nies, D.H., 1992. Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc and nickel in
microbes. Plasmid. 27, 17-28.
[15] Park, K.H., Mohapatra, D., Reddy, B.R., 2006. Selective recovery of
molybdenum from HDS catalyst using oxidative soda/ash leach/carbon
adsorption method. J. Hazard. Mater. 138, 311-316.
[16] Ren, W.X., Li, P.J., Geng, Y., Li, X.J., 2009. Biological leaching of
heavy metals from a contaminated soil by Aspergillus niger. Hazard.
Mater. 167, 164-169.
[17] Rezza, I., Salinas, E., Elorza, M., Tosetti, M.S., Donati, E., 2001.
Mechanisms involved in bioleaching of an aluminosilicate by
heterotrophic microorganisms. Process. Biochem. 36, 495-500.
[18] Santhiya, D., Ting, Y.P., 2005. Bioleaching of spent refinery catalyst
using Aspergillus niger with high yield oxalic acid. Biotechnol. 116,
171-84.
[19] Sayer, J.A., Gadd, G.M., 1997. Solubilization and transformation of
insoluble inorganic metal compounds to insoluble metal oxalates by
Aspergillus niger. Mycol. Res. 101, 653-661.
[20] Schinner, F., Burgstaller, W., 1989. Extraction of zinc from industrial
waste by Penicillium sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1153-1156.
[21] Shehata, F.H.A., Whitton, B.a., 1983. Zinc tolerance in strains of bluegreen
algae Anacystis nidulans. Br. Phycol. 17, 5-12.
[22] Yoo, J.S., 1998. Metal recovery and rejuvenation of metal-loaded spent
catalysts. Catalysis Today. 44, 27-46.
[1] Aung, K.M.M., Ting, Y.P., 2005. Bioleaching of spent fluid catalytic
cracking catalysts using Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol. 116, 159-170.
[2] Bayraktar, O., 2005. Bioleaching of nickel from equilibrium fluid
catalytic cracking catalysts. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21, 661-
665.
[3] Bosshard, P.B., Bachofen, R., Brandl, H., 1996. Metal leaching of fly
ash from municipal waste incineration by Aspergillus niger. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 30, 3066-3070.
[4] Brandl, H., Bosshard, R., Wegmann, M., 2001. Computer munching
microbes: metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi.
Hydrometal. 59, 319-326.
[5] Burgstaller, W., Schinner, F., 1993. Minireview: leaching of metals with
fungi, Biotechnol. 27, 91-116.
[6] Castro, I.M., Fietto, J.L.R., Vieria, R.X., Tropia, M.J.M, Campos,
L.M.M, Paniago, E.B., Branado, R.L., 2000. Bioleaching of zinc and
nickel from silicates using Aspergillus niger cultures. Hydrometal. 57,
39-49.
[7] Furimsky, E., 1996. Spent refinery Catalysts: environment safety and
utilization. Catalysis Today. 30, 223-86.
[8] Gadd, G.M., 1992. Metals and microorganism: a problem definition.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 100, 197-203.
[9] Glombitza, F., Iske, U., Bullmann, M., 1992. Biotechnology based
opportunities for environmental-protection in the Uranium miningindustry.
Acta. Biotechnol. 12(2), 79-85.
[10] Krebs, W., Brombacher, C., Bosshard, P.P., Bachofen, R., Brandl, H.,
1997. Microbial recovery of metals from solids. FEMS Microbial. Rev.
20, 605-617.
[11] Mafigholami, M.R., Borghei, S.M., Mousavi, S.M., Application of a
statistical method to optimize biorecovery of heavy metals from a spent
refinery catalyst by fungi. Iranian J. Chem. and chem. Eng. (Submitted)
[12] Marafi, M., Stanislaus, A., 2003. Options and processes for spent
catalyst handling and utilization. J. Hazard. Mater. B101, 123-132.
[13] Mishra, D., Ahn, J.G., Kim, D.J., Roychaudhury, G., Ralph, D.E., 2009.
Dissolution kinetics of spent petroleum catalyst using sulfur oxidizing
acidophilic microorganisms. Hazard Mater. 167, 1231-1236.
[14] Nies, D.H., 1992. Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc and nickel in
microbes. Plasmid. 27, 17-28.
[15] Park, K.H., Mohapatra, D., Reddy, B.R., 2006. Selective recovery of
molybdenum from HDS catalyst using oxidative soda/ash leach/carbon
adsorption method. J. Hazard. Mater. 138, 311-316.
[16] Ren, W.X., Li, P.J., Geng, Y., Li, X.J., 2009. Biological leaching of
heavy metals from a contaminated soil by Aspergillus niger. Hazard.
Mater. 167, 164-169.
[17] Rezza, I., Salinas, E., Elorza, M., Tosetti, M.S., Donati, E., 2001.
Mechanisms involved in bioleaching of an aluminosilicate by
heterotrophic microorganisms. Process. Biochem. 36, 495-500.
[18] Santhiya, D., Ting, Y.P., 2005. Bioleaching of spent refinery catalyst
using Aspergillus niger with high yield oxalic acid. Biotechnol. 116,
171-84.
[19] Sayer, J.A., Gadd, G.M., 1997. Solubilization and transformation of
insoluble inorganic metal compounds to insoluble metal oxalates by
Aspergillus niger. Mycol. Res. 101, 653-661.
[20] Schinner, F., Burgstaller, W., 1989. Extraction of zinc from industrial
waste by Penicillium sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1153-1156.
[21] Shehata, F.H.A., Whitton, B.a., 1983. Zinc tolerance in strains of bluegreen
algae Anacystis nidulans. Br. Phycol. 17, 5-12.
[22] Yoo, J.S., 1998. Metal recovery and rejuvenation of metal-loaded spent
catalysts. Catalysis Today. 44, 27-46.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:51476", author = "R. Mafi Gholami and S. M. Borghei and S. M. Mousavi", title = "Fungal Leaching of Hazardous Heavy Metals from a Spent Hydrotreating Catalyst", abstract = "In this study, the ability of Aspergillus niger and
Penicillium simplicissimum to extract heavy metals from a spent
refinery catalyst was investigated. For the first step, a spent
processing catalyst from one of the oil refineries in Iran was
physically and chemically characterized. Aspergillus niger and
Penicillium simplicissimum were used to mobilize Al/Co/Mo/Ni from
hazardous spent catalysts. The fungi were adapted to the mixture of
metals at 100-800 mg L-1 with increments in concentration of 100 mg
L-1. Bioleaching experiments were carried out in batch cultures. To
investigate the production of organic acids in sucrose medium,
analyses of the culture medium by HPLC were performed at specific
time intervals after inoculation. The results obtained from Inductive
coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed
that after the one-step bioleaching process using Aspergillus niger,
maximum removal efficiencies of 27%, 66%, 62% and 38% were
achieved for Al, Co, Mo and Ni, respectively. However, the highest
removal efficiencies using Penicillium simplicissimum were of 32%,
67%, 65% and 38% for Al, Co, Mo and Ni, respectively", keywords = "Aspergillus niger, Bioleaching, Heavy metals,Penicillium simplicissimum, Spent catalyst", volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "266-6", }
