Functional Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Oil Rich Indigenous Seeds
Indian subcontinent has a plethora of traditional
medicine systems that provide promising solutions to lifestyle
disorders in an 'all natural way'. Spices and oilseeds hold
prominence in Indian cuisine hence the focus of the current study
was to evaluate the bioactive molecules from Linum usitatissinum
(LU), Lepidium sativum (LS), Nigella sativa (NS) and Guizotia
abyssinica (GA) seeds. The seeds were characterized for functional
lipids like omega-3 fatty acid, antioxidant capacity, phenolic
compounds, dietary fiber and anti-nutritional factors. Analysis of the
seeds revealed LU and LS to be a rich source of α-linolenic acid
(41.85 ± 0.33%, 26.71 ± 0.63%), an omega 3 fatty acid (using
GCMS). While studying antioxidant potential NS seeds demonstrated
highest antioxidant ability (61.68 ± 0.21 TEAC/ 100 gm DW) due to
the presence of phenolics and terpenes as assayed by the Mass
spectral analysis. When screened for anti-nutritional factor
cyanogenic glycoside, LS seeds showed content as high as 1674 ± 54
mg HCN / kg. GA is a probable good source of a stable vegetable oil
(SFA: PUFA 1:2.3). The seeds showed diversified bioactive profile
and hence further studies to use different bio molecules in tandem for
the development of a possible 'nutraceutical cocktail' have been
initiated..
[1] Mathews, L., Oilseeds Industry Review Global markets
research.Commodities:Agriupdates, 2010: p. 1-11.
[2] Bharat B. Aggarwal, M.E.V.K., Laxmi H. Iyer, Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar
and Bokyung Sung, Molecular Targets of Nutraceuticals Derived from
Dietary Spices: Potential Role in Suppression of Inflammation and
Tumorigenesis. Experimental Biology and Medicine 2009. 234: p. 825-
849.
[3] Bonnie Bruce, G.A.S., Leslie M. Klevay, Sandra K. Gallagher, A Diet
High in Whole and Unrefined Foods Favorably Alters Lipids,
Antioxidant Defenses, and Colon Function. Journal of the American
College of Nutrition,, 2000. 19(1): p. 61-67.
[4] Emmanuel O. Aluyor, M.O.-J., The use of antioxidants in vegetable oils
- A review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008. 7(25): p. 4836-
4842.
[5] Roberta Re, N.P., Anna Proteggente, Ananth Pannala, Min Yang and
Catherine Rice-Evans, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS
radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine,,
1999. 26(9,10): p. 1231-1237.
[6] C.U. Ogunka-Nnoka1 and H.D. Mepba*, Proximate Composition and
Antinutrient Contents of Some Common Spices in Nigeria. The Open
Food Science Journal, 2008. 2: p. 62-67.
[7] Anneli Tarpila1 , T.W.a.S.T., Flaxseed as a functional food. Current
Topics in Nutraceutical Research, 2005. 3(3): p. 167-188.
[8] Sheel Sharma, N.A., Nourishing and healing prowess of garden cress
(Lepidium sativum Linn.)- A review. Indian journal of natural products
and resources, 2011. 2(3): p. 292-297.
[9] Salem, M.L., Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the
Nigella sativa L. seed. International Immunopharmacology 2005. 5: p.
1749-1770.
[10] Paresh Chandra Dutta, S.H., Eshetu Kebedu, Getinet Alemaw and Lars-
Ake Appelqvist, Varation in lipid composition of Niger seed (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass.) Samples collected from different regions in Ethiopia.
JAOCS, 1994. 71(8): p. 839-843.
[11] Motonori Hoshi, M.W., and Yasuo Kishimoto*, Esterification of fatty
acids at room temperature by chloroform-methanolic HC1-cupric
acetate. Journal of Lipid Research 1973. 14: p. 599-601.
[12] J. Alejandro Austria, M.N.R., Mirna N. Chahine, Andrea L. Edel, Linda
J. Malcolmson, Chantal M.C. Dupasquier and Grant N. Pierce,
Bioavailability of Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Subjects after Ingestion of
Three Different Forms of Flaxseed. Journal of the American College of
Nutrition, 2008. 27(2): p. 214-221.
[13] John Parry, Z.H., Marla Luther, Lan Su, Kequan Zhou, and Liangli
(Lucy) Yu, Characterization of Cold-Pressed Onion, Parsley,
Cardamom, Mullein, Roasted Pumpkin, and Milk Thistle Seed
OilsJAOCS, 2006. 83(10).
[14] S. Demiray, M.E.P., P.M.L. Castro, Evaluation of phenolic profiles and
antioxidant activities of Turkish medicinal plants: Tilia argentea,
Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots. World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009. 54: p. 312-317.
[15] Singleton, V.L., & Rossi, J. A Calorimetry of total phenolic with
phosphomolybdic- phosphotungstic acid agents. American Journal of
Enology and Viticulture, 1965. 16: p. 144-158.
[16] Jinsong Zhang*, J.D., Shouqin Zhang, Qing Liang and Qingwei Meng,
Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil and
methanol extracts of rhizoma Alpinia officinarum from China in vitro.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. 9(28): p. 4414-4421.
[17] C.U. Ogunka-Nnoka1 and H.D. Mepba*, Proximate Composition and
Antinutrient Contents of Some Common Spices in Nigeria. The Open
Food Science Journal, 2008. 2: p. 62-67.
[18] Ferguson, L.R., Nutrigenomics Approaches to Functional Foods. J Am
Diet Assoc, 2009. 109: p. 452-458.
[19] Simopoulos, A.P., Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune
diseases. J Am Coll Nutr, 2002. 21: p. 495-505.
[20] Russo, G.L., Dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: from
biochemistry to clinical implications in cardiovascular prevention.
Biochem Pharmacol 2009. 77(6): p. 937-46.
[21] Nickavar B, M.F., Javidnia K, Amoli MA, Chemical composition of the
fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z Naturforsch [C],
2003. 58(629-631).
[22] Peana AT, D.A.P., Panin F, Serra G, Pippia P, Moretti MD, Antiinflammatory
activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of
essential oils. Phytomedicine, 2002. 9(8): p. 721-6.
[23] 23. Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B. D, Antioxidant
activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain
products. Journal of Agricultural Food & Chemistry, 1998. 46: p. 4113-
4117.
[24] Bonde, S.K.B.a.C.G., Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of
extracts of Bridelia Retusa Spreng Bark: Impact of dielectric constant
and geographical location. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011.
5(5): p. 817-822.
[25] Mustafa Ozgen, R., Neil Reese, Artemio Z. Tulio Jr., Joseph C.
Scheerens and A.Raymond Miller, Modified 2,2-Azino-bis-3-
ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) Method to Measure
Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Small Fruits and Comparison to Ferric
Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2ÔÇ▓-Diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Methods. J. Agric. Food Chem, 2006. 54: p.
1151-1157.
[26] Ragheb A, A.A., Eldin WS, Elbarbry F, Gazarin S, Shoker A, The
protective effect of thymoquinone, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
agent, against renal injury: a review. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2009.
20(5): p. 741-52.
[27] M. Gundidza, N.G., M. L. Magwa, N. J. Ramalivhana, G. Humphrey, A.
Samie and Mmbengwa V, Phytochemical composition and biological
activities of essential oil of Rhynchosia minima (L) (DC) (Fabaceae).
African Journal of Biotechnology 2009. 8(5): p. 721-724.
[28] Monaliza M. RebeloI, J.K.R.d.S., Elo├¡sa Helena A. AndradeIII, José
Guilherme S. Maia, Antioxidant capacity and biological activity of
essential oil and methanol extract of Conobea scoparioides (Cham. &
Schltdl.) Benth. J. Braz. Chem. Soc, 2009. 20(6): p. 1031-1035.
[29] G. Miguel, M.S., A.C. Figueiredo, J.G. Barroso, L.G. Pedro, L.
Carvalho, Composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of
Thymus caespititius, Thymus camphoratus and Thymus mastichina.
Food Chemistry 2004. 86: p. 183-188.
[30] James W Anderson, P.B., Richard H Davis Jr, Stefanie Ferreri, Mary
Knudtson, Ashraf Koraym, Valerie Waters, Christine L Williams, Health
benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition Reviews 2009. 67(4): p. 188-205.
[31] Haub, J.M.L.a.M.D., Effects of Dietary Fiber and Its Components on
Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2010. 2: p. 1266-1289.
[32] Marlett, J.A., Content and composition of dietary fiber in 117 frequently
consumed foods. J. Am. Diet. Assoc, 1992. 92: p. 175-186.
[33] H.M. Inuwa, V.O.A., Baba Gabi, I. Aimola and Amao Toyin,
Comparative Determination of Antinutritional Factors in Groundnut Oil
and Palm Oil. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011.
3(4): p. 275-279.
[34] K.E. Akande , U.D.D., H.O. Agu and H.M. Adamu, Major Antinutrients
Found in Plant Protein Sources: Their Effect on Nutrition. Pakistan
Journal of Nutrition 2010. 9(8): p. 827-832.
[35] Yogesh Chand Yadav, A.J., D.N.Srivastava, Anurekha Jain, Fracture
healing activity of ethanolic extract of lepidium sativum L. seeds in
internally fixed rat's femoral osteotomy model. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011. 3(2): p. 193-197.
[1] Mathews, L., Oilseeds Industry Review Global markets
research.Commodities:Agriupdates, 2010: p. 1-11.
[2] Bharat B. Aggarwal, M.E.V.K., Laxmi H. Iyer, Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar
and Bokyung Sung, Molecular Targets of Nutraceuticals Derived from
Dietary Spices: Potential Role in Suppression of Inflammation and
Tumorigenesis. Experimental Biology and Medicine 2009. 234: p. 825-
849.
[3] Bonnie Bruce, G.A.S., Leslie M. Klevay, Sandra K. Gallagher, A Diet
High in Whole and Unrefined Foods Favorably Alters Lipids,
Antioxidant Defenses, and Colon Function. Journal of the American
College of Nutrition,, 2000. 19(1): p. 61-67.
[4] Emmanuel O. Aluyor, M.O.-J., The use of antioxidants in vegetable oils
- A review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008. 7(25): p. 4836-
4842.
[5] Roberta Re, N.P., Anna Proteggente, Ananth Pannala, Min Yang and
Catherine Rice-Evans, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS
radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine,,
1999. 26(9,10): p. 1231-1237.
[6] C.U. Ogunka-Nnoka1 and H.D. Mepba*, Proximate Composition and
Antinutrient Contents of Some Common Spices in Nigeria. The Open
Food Science Journal, 2008. 2: p. 62-67.
[7] Anneli Tarpila1 , T.W.a.S.T., Flaxseed as a functional food. Current
Topics in Nutraceutical Research, 2005. 3(3): p. 167-188.
[8] Sheel Sharma, N.A., Nourishing and healing prowess of garden cress
(Lepidium sativum Linn.)- A review. Indian journal of natural products
and resources, 2011. 2(3): p. 292-297.
[9] Salem, M.L., Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the
Nigella sativa L. seed. International Immunopharmacology 2005. 5: p.
1749-1770.
[10] Paresh Chandra Dutta, S.H., Eshetu Kebedu, Getinet Alemaw and Lars-
Ake Appelqvist, Varation in lipid composition of Niger seed (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass.) Samples collected from different regions in Ethiopia.
JAOCS, 1994. 71(8): p. 839-843.
[11] Motonori Hoshi, M.W., and Yasuo Kishimoto*, Esterification of fatty
acids at room temperature by chloroform-methanolic HC1-cupric
acetate. Journal of Lipid Research 1973. 14: p. 599-601.
[12] J. Alejandro Austria, M.N.R., Mirna N. Chahine, Andrea L. Edel, Linda
J. Malcolmson, Chantal M.C. Dupasquier and Grant N. Pierce,
Bioavailability of Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Subjects after Ingestion of
Three Different Forms of Flaxseed. Journal of the American College of
Nutrition, 2008. 27(2): p. 214-221.
[13] John Parry, Z.H., Marla Luther, Lan Su, Kequan Zhou, and Liangli
(Lucy) Yu, Characterization of Cold-Pressed Onion, Parsley,
Cardamom, Mullein, Roasted Pumpkin, and Milk Thistle Seed
OilsJAOCS, 2006. 83(10).
[14] S. Demiray, M.E.P., P.M.L. Castro, Evaluation of phenolic profiles and
antioxidant activities of Turkish medicinal plants: Tilia argentea,
Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots. World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009. 54: p. 312-317.
[15] Singleton, V.L., & Rossi, J. A Calorimetry of total phenolic with
phosphomolybdic- phosphotungstic acid agents. American Journal of
Enology and Viticulture, 1965. 16: p. 144-158.
[16] Jinsong Zhang*, J.D., Shouqin Zhang, Qing Liang and Qingwei Meng,
Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil and
methanol extracts of rhizoma Alpinia officinarum from China in vitro.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. 9(28): p. 4414-4421.
[17] C.U. Ogunka-Nnoka1 and H.D. Mepba*, Proximate Composition and
Antinutrient Contents of Some Common Spices in Nigeria. The Open
Food Science Journal, 2008. 2: p. 62-67.
[18] Ferguson, L.R., Nutrigenomics Approaches to Functional Foods. J Am
Diet Assoc, 2009. 109: p. 452-458.
[19] Simopoulos, A.P., Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune
diseases. J Am Coll Nutr, 2002. 21: p. 495-505.
[20] Russo, G.L., Dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: from
biochemistry to clinical implications in cardiovascular prevention.
Biochem Pharmacol 2009. 77(6): p. 937-46.
[21] Nickavar B, M.F., Javidnia K, Amoli MA, Chemical composition of the
fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z Naturforsch [C],
2003. 58(629-631).
[22] Peana AT, D.A.P., Panin F, Serra G, Pippia P, Moretti MD, Antiinflammatory
activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of
essential oils. Phytomedicine, 2002. 9(8): p. 721-6.
[23] 23. Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B. D, Antioxidant
activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain
products. Journal of Agricultural Food & Chemistry, 1998. 46: p. 4113-
4117.
[24] Bonde, S.K.B.a.C.G., Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of
extracts of Bridelia Retusa Spreng Bark: Impact of dielectric constant
and geographical location. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011.
5(5): p. 817-822.
[25] Mustafa Ozgen, R., Neil Reese, Artemio Z. Tulio Jr., Joseph C.
Scheerens and A.Raymond Miller, Modified 2,2-Azino-bis-3-
ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) Method to Measure
Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Small Fruits and Comparison to Ferric
Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2ÔÇ▓-Diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Methods. J. Agric. Food Chem, 2006. 54: p.
1151-1157.
[26] Ragheb A, A.A., Eldin WS, Elbarbry F, Gazarin S, Shoker A, The
protective effect of thymoquinone, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
agent, against renal injury: a review. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2009.
20(5): p. 741-52.
[27] M. Gundidza, N.G., M. L. Magwa, N. J. Ramalivhana, G. Humphrey, A.
Samie and Mmbengwa V, Phytochemical composition and biological
activities of essential oil of Rhynchosia minima (L) (DC) (Fabaceae).
African Journal of Biotechnology 2009. 8(5): p. 721-724.
[28] Monaliza M. RebeloI, J.K.R.d.S., Elo├¡sa Helena A. AndradeIII, José
Guilherme S. Maia, Antioxidant capacity and biological activity of
essential oil and methanol extract of Conobea scoparioides (Cham. &
Schltdl.) Benth. J. Braz. Chem. Soc, 2009. 20(6): p. 1031-1035.
[29] G. Miguel, M.S., A.C. Figueiredo, J.G. Barroso, L.G. Pedro, L.
Carvalho, Composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of
Thymus caespititius, Thymus camphoratus and Thymus mastichina.
Food Chemistry 2004. 86: p. 183-188.
[30] James W Anderson, P.B., Richard H Davis Jr, Stefanie Ferreri, Mary
Knudtson, Ashraf Koraym, Valerie Waters, Christine L Williams, Health
benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition Reviews 2009. 67(4): p. 188-205.
[31] Haub, J.M.L.a.M.D., Effects of Dietary Fiber and Its Components on
Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2010. 2: p. 1266-1289.
[32] Marlett, J.A., Content and composition of dietary fiber in 117 frequently
consumed foods. J. Am. Diet. Assoc, 1992. 92: p. 175-186.
[33] H.M. Inuwa, V.O.A., Baba Gabi, I. Aimola and Amao Toyin,
Comparative Determination of Antinutritional Factors in Groundnut Oil
and Palm Oil. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011.
3(4): p. 275-279.
[34] K.E. Akande , U.D.D., H.O. Agu and H.M. Adamu, Major Antinutrients
Found in Plant Protein Sources: Their Effect on Nutrition. Pakistan
Journal of Nutrition 2010. 9(8): p. 827-832.
[35] Yogesh Chand Yadav, A.J., D.N.Srivastava, Anurekha Jain, Fracture
healing activity of ethanolic extract of lepidium sativum L. seeds in
internally fixed rat's femoral osteotomy model. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011. 3(2): p. 193-197.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:64043", author = "Azza. S. Naik and S. S. Lele", title = "Functional Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Oil Rich Indigenous Seeds", abstract = "Indian subcontinent has a plethora of traditional
medicine systems that provide promising solutions to lifestyle
disorders in an 'all natural way'. Spices and oilseeds hold
prominence in Indian cuisine hence the focus of the current study
was to evaluate the bioactive molecules from Linum usitatissinum
(LU), Lepidium sativum (LS), Nigella sativa (NS) and Guizotia
abyssinica (GA) seeds. The seeds were characterized for functional
lipids like omega-3 fatty acid, antioxidant capacity, phenolic
compounds, dietary fiber and anti-nutritional factors. Analysis of the
seeds revealed LU and LS to be a rich source of α-linolenic acid
(41.85 ± 0.33%, 26.71 ± 0.63%), an omega 3 fatty acid (using
GCMS). While studying antioxidant potential NS seeds demonstrated
highest antioxidant ability (61.68 ± 0.21 TEAC/ 100 gm DW) due to
the presence of phenolics and terpenes as assayed by the Mass
spectral analysis. When screened for anti-nutritional factor
cyanogenic glycoside, LS seeds showed content as high as 1674 ± 54
mg HCN / kg. GA is a probable good source of a stable vegetable oil
(SFA: PUFA 1:2.3). The seeds showed diversified bioactive profile
and hence further studies to use different bio molecules in tandem for
the development of a possible 'nutraceutical cocktail' have been
initiated..", keywords = "antioxidants, bioactives, functional lipids and
oilseeds", volume = "6", number = "9", pages = "825-9", }
