Evaluation of Zinc Status in the Sediments of the Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site, Taiwan
The distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of zinc
(Zn) in the sediments of Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site (KODS),
Taiwan were investigated. Sediment samples from two outer disposal
site stations and nine disposed stations in the KODS were collected per
quarterly in 2009 and characterized for Zn, aluminum, organic matter,
and grain size. Results showed that the mean Zn concentrations varied
from 48 mg/kg to 456 mg/kg. Results from the enrichment factor (EF)
and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analyses imply that the sediments
collected from the KODS can be characterized between moderate and
moderately severe degree enrichment and between none and none to
medium accumulation of Zn, respectively. However, results of
potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low
ecological potential risk. The EF, Igeo, and Zn concentrations at the
disposed stations were slightly higher than those at outer disposal site.
This indicated that the disposed area centers may be subjected to the
disposal impaction of harbor dredged sediments.
[1] C.W. Chen, C.M. Kao, C.F. Chen, and C.D. Dong, "Distribution and
accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor,
Taiwan," Chemosphere, vol. 66, pp. 1431-1440, 2007.
[2] C.W. Chen, C.F. Chen, C.D. Dong, and Y.T. Tu, "Composition and
source apportionment of PAHs in sediments at river mouths and channel
in Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan," Journal of Environmental Monitoring,
vol. 14, pp. 105-115, 2012.
[3] E. Callender, "Heavy metals in the environmentÔÇöhistorical trends,"
Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 9, pp. 67-105, 2003.
[4] E.R. Long, D.D. MacDonald, S.L. Smith, and F.D. Calder, "Incidence of
adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in
marine and estuarine sediments," Environmental Management, vol. 19, pp.
81-97, 1995.
[5] I. Riba, C. Casado-Martínez, J.M. Forja, A. del Valls, "Sediment quality
in the Atlantic Coast of Spain," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
vol. 23, pp. 271-282, 2004.
[6] J. Morillo, J. Usero, and I. Gracia, "Heavy metal distribution in marine
sediments from the southwest coast of Spain," Chemosphere, vol.55, pp.
431-442, 2004.
[7] P. Adamo, M. Arienzo, M. Imperato, D. Naimo, G. Nardi, and D.
Stanzione. "Distribution and partition of heavy metals in surface and
sub-surface sediments of Naples city port," Chemosphere, vol.61, pp.
800-809, 2005.
[8] J. Valdés, G. Vargas, A. Sifeddine, L. Ortlieb, and M. Guinez,
"Distribution and enrichment evaluation of heavy metals in Mejillones
Bay (23 ┬░S), Northern Chile: geochemical and statistical approach,"
Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.50, pp. 1558-1568, 2005.
[9] S.R. Taylor, "Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a
new table," Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 28, pp. 1273-1285,
1964.
[10] G. Birth, A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic
environments using sediments. In: Woodcoffe, C.D., Furness, R.A. (Eds),
Coastal GIS 2003. Wollongong University Papers in Center for Maritime
Policy, 14, Australia. 2003.
[11] G. Müller, "Schwermetalle in den sediments des Rheins- Veränderungen
seit 1971," Umschan, vol.79, pp. 778-783, 1979.
[12] L. Hakanson, "An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a
sediment-ecological approach," Water Research, vol.14, pp. 975-1001,
1980.
[13] W. Guo, X. Liu, Z. Liu, and G. Li, "Pollution and potential ecological risk
evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor,
Tianjin," Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 729-736, 2010.
[1] C.W. Chen, C.M. Kao, C.F. Chen, and C.D. Dong, "Distribution and
accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor,
Taiwan," Chemosphere, vol. 66, pp. 1431-1440, 2007.
[2] C.W. Chen, C.F. Chen, C.D. Dong, and Y.T. Tu, "Composition and
source apportionment of PAHs in sediments at river mouths and channel
in Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan," Journal of Environmental Monitoring,
vol. 14, pp. 105-115, 2012.
[3] E. Callender, "Heavy metals in the environmentÔÇöhistorical trends,"
Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 9, pp. 67-105, 2003.
[4] E.R. Long, D.D. MacDonald, S.L. Smith, and F.D. Calder, "Incidence of
adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in
marine and estuarine sediments," Environmental Management, vol. 19, pp.
81-97, 1995.
[5] I. Riba, C. Casado-Martínez, J.M. Forja, A. del Valls, "Sediment quality
in the Atlantic Coast of Spain," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
vol. 23, pp. 271-282, 2004.
[6] J. Morillo, J. Usero, and I. Gracia, "Heavy metal distribution in marine
sediments from the southwest coast of Spain," Chemosphere, vol.55, pp.
431-442, 2004.
[7] P. Adamo, M. Arienzo, M. Imperato, D. Naimo, G. Nardi, and D.
Stanzione. "Distribution and partition of heavy metals in surface and
sub-surface sediments of Naples city port," Chemosphere, vol.61, pp.
800-809, 2005.
[8] J. Valdés, G. Vargas, A. Sifeddine, L. Ortlieb, and M. Guinez,
"Distribution and enrichment evaluation of heavy metals in Mejillones
Bay (23 ┬░S), Northern Chile: geochemical and statistical approach,"
Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.50, pp. 1558-1568, 2005.
[9] S.R. Taylor, "Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a
new table," Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 28, pp. 1273-1285,
1964.
[10] G. Birth, A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic
environments using sediments. In: Woodcoffe, C.D., Furness, R.A. (Eds),
Coastal GIS 2003. Wollongong University Papers in Center for Maritime
Policy, 14, Australia. 2003.
[11] G. Müller, "Schwermetalle in den sediments des Rheins- Veränderungen
seit 1971," Umschan, vol.79, pp. 778-783, 1979.
[12] L. Hakanson, "An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a
sediment-ecological approach," Water Research, vol.14, pp. 975-1001,
1980.
[13] W. Guo, X. Liu, Z. Liu, and G. Li, "Pollution and potential ecological risk
evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor,
Tianjin," Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 729-736, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:53950", author = "Chiu-Wen Chen and Chih-Feng Chen and Cheng-Di Dong", title = "Evaluation of Zinc Status in the Sediments of the Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site, Taiwan", abstract = "The distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of zinc
(Zn) in the sediments of Kaohsiung Ocean Disposal Site (KODS),
Taiwan were investigated. Sediment samples from two outer disposal
site stations and nine disposed stations in the KODS were collected per
quarterly in 2009 and characterized for Zn, aluminum, organic matter,
and grain size. Results showed that the mean Zn concentrations varied
from 48 mg/kg to 456 mg/kg. Results from the enrichment factor (EF)
and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analyses imply that the sediments
collected from the KODS can be characterized between moderate and
moderately severe degree enrichment and between none and none to
medium accumulation of Zn, respectively. However, results of
potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low
ecological potential risk. The EF, Igeo, and Zn concentrations at the
disposed stations were slightly higher than those at outer disposal site.
This indicated that the disposed area centers may be subjected to the
disposal impaction of harbor dredged sediments.", keywords = "ocean dispose; zinc; enrichment factor; potential
ecological risk index.", volume = "6", number = "5", pages = "253-5", }