Evaluation of Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Turkish Medicinal Plants: Tiliaargentea, Crataegi Folium Leaves and Polygonum bistorta Roots
There is a growing interest in the food industry and in preventive health care for the development and evaluation of natural antioxidants from medicinal plant materials. In the present work, extracts of three medicinal plants (Tilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots) used in Turkish phytotheraphy were screened for their phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties. Crude extracts were obtained from different parts of plants, by solidliquid extraction with pure water, 70% acetone and 70% methanol aqueous solvents. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by ABTS.+ radical cation scavenging activity. The Folin Ciocalteu procedure was used to assess the total phenolic concentrations of the extracts as gallic acid equivalents. A modified liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) was used to obtain chromatographic profiles of the phenolic compounds in the medicinal plants. The predominant phenolic compounds detected in different extracts of the plants were catechin, protocatechuic and chlorogenic acids. The highest phenolic contents were obtained by using 70% acetone as aqueous solvent, whereas the lowest phenolic contents were obtained by water extraction due to Folin Ciocalteu results. The results indicate that acetone extracts of Tilia argentea had the highest antioxidant capacity as free ABTS radical scavengers. The lowest phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities were obtained from Polygonum bistorta root extracts.
[1] L. Tripathi, and N.J. Tripathi, "Role of biotechnology in medicinal
plants," Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 2 (2), pp.
243-253, 2003.
[2] D. Ivanova, D. Gerova, T. Chervenkov, and T. Yankova, "Polyphenols
and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants," Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, vol. 97, Issues 1-2, pp. 145-150, 2005.
[3] B. Djeridane, M. Yousfi, N. Vidal, N. Nadjemi, J.F. Lesgards, and P.
Stocker, "Screening of some Algerian medicinal plants for the phenolic
compounds and their antioxidant activity," European Food Research
and Technology, vol. 224, N: 6, pp. 801-809, 2007.
[4] M.P. Kahkonen, A.I. Hopia, H.J. Vuorela, J.P. Rauha, K. Pihlaja, and
T.S. Kujala, "Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic
compounds," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 47, pp.
3954-3962, 1999.
[5] N. Balasundram, K. Sundram, and S. Sammar, "Phenolic compounds in
plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence,
and potential uses," Food Chemistry, 68, pp.191-203, 2006.
[6] M. Naczk, and F. Shahidi,"Extraction and analysis of phenolics in
food," Journal of Chromatography A, 1054, pp. 95-111, 2004.
[7] R. Re, N. Pellegrini,A. Proteggente,A. Pannala, M. Yang, C. Rice
Evans, "Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation
decolorization assay," Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10),
pp. 1231-1237,1999.
[8] J. Sun, Y. Bin, P. Li, C. Duan, and F. Liang " Screening Non-colored
Phenolics in Red Wines using Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet and
Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry Libraries," Molecules, 12, pp.
679-693, 2007.
[9] F. S├│nchez-Rabaneda, O. J├íuregui, I. Casals, C. Andrés-Lacueva, and
M. Izquierdo- Pulido, " Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization
tandem mass spectrometric study of the phenolic composition of cocoa
(Theobroma cacao)," Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 38, pp. 35-42,
2003.
[10] T. Baytop, "Turkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi", Istanbul Univ. Yay., No.
2355, Istanbul, 1984.
[11] G. Toker, "FABAD," Journal of Pharmacology and Science, 20, pp.
75-79, 1995.
[12] P. Pietta, P. Mauri, A. Bruno, and L. Zini, "High- performance liquid
chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography of flavonol
glycosides from Tilia," Journal of Chromatography, 638, pp. 357-361,
1993.
[13] G. Toker, K.H.C. Baser, M. Kurkcuoglu, and T. Ozek, "Composition of
Essential Oils from Tilia L. species growing in Turkey," Journal of
Essential Oil Research, 11, pp. 369-374, 1998.
[14] J.B. Harborne, and T.J. Mabry, "The Flavonoids, Advances in
Research," Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, UK, 1982.
[15] Q. Chang, Z. Zuo, F. Harrison, and M.S. Chow, "Hawthorn," Journal
of Clinical Pharmacology, 42, pp. 605-612, 2002
[16] A. Grieve, "A modern herbal," Penguin Group, London, UK, 1984.
[17] D. Bown, "Encyclopaedia of herbs and their uses," Dorling Kindersley,
London, UK, 1995.
[18] A. Chevallier, "The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants," Dorling
Kindersley, London, UK, 1996.
[19] H. Zhao, J. Dong, J. Lu, J. Chen, Y. Li, L. Shan, Y. Lin, W. Fan, and G.
Gu, "Effect of extraction solvent mixtures on antioxidant activity
evaluation and their extraction capacity and selectivity for free phenolic
compounds in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), " J. Agric. Food Chem. 54,
pp. 7277-7286, 2006.
[20] A. Moure, J.M. Cruz, D. Franco, J.M. Dominguez, J. Siherio, H.
Dominguez, "Natural antioxidants from residual sources," Food
Chemistry, 72, pp. 145-171, 2001.
[21] B. Shan, Y.Z. Cai, M. Sun, and H. Corke, "Antioxidant capacity of 26
spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents,"
Journal of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, pp. 7749-7759,
2005.
[22] Z. Lisiewska, W. Kmiecik, and A. Korus, "Content of vitamin C,
carotenoids, chlorophylls and polyphenols in green parts of dill
(Anethum graveolens L.) depending on plant height," J. Food Comp.
Analys., 19, pp. 134-140, 2006.
[23] Y. Luo, Q. Cai, M. Sun, and H. Corke, "Antioxidant activity and
phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants
associated with anticancer," Life Science, 74, pp. 2157-2184, 2004.
[24] P.Maisuthisakul, M. Suttajit, and R. Pongsawatmanit, "Assessment of
phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai
indigenous plants," Food Chem., 4, pp. 1409-1418, 2007.
[25] I. Parejo, F. Viladomt, J. Bastida, A. Rosas-Romero, N. Flerlage, J.
Burillo, and C. Codina, "Comparison between the radical scavenging
activity and antioxidant activity of six distilled and nondistilled
Mediterranean herbs and aromatic plants," Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 6882-6890, 2002.
[26] Y.S. Velioglu, G. Mazza, L. Gao, and B.D., " Oomah, Antioxidant
activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain
products," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, pp. 4113-
4117, 1998.
[27] A. Bocco, M.E. Cuvelier, H. Richard, and C. Berset, "Antioxidant
activity and phenolic composition of citrus peel and seed extracts,"
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, pp. 2123-2129, 1998.
[28] A.S. Meyer, M. Heinonen, and E.N. Frankel, "Antioxidant interactions
of catechin, cyanidin, caffeic acid, quercetin and ellagic acid on human
LDL oxidation," Food Chemistry, 61, pp. 71-75, 1998.
[29] L. Almela, B. Sanchez-Munoz, J.A. Fernandez-Lopez, M. Roca, and V.
Rabe, "Liquid chromatograpic-mass spectrometric analysis of phenolics
and free radical scavenging activity of rosemary extract from different
raw material," Journal of Chromatography A, 1120, pp. 221-229,
2006.
[1] L. Tripathi, and N.J. Tripathi, "Role of biotechnology in medicinal
plants," Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 2 (2), pp.
243-253, 2003.
[2] D. Ivanova, D. Gerova, T. Chervenkov, and T. Yankova, "Polyphenols
and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants," Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, vol. 97, Issues 1-2, pp. 145-150, 2005.
[3] B. Djeridane, M. Yousfi, N. Vidal, N. Nadjemi, J.F. Lesgards, and P.
Stocker, "Screening of some Algerian medicinal plants for the phenolic
compounds and their antioxidant activity," European Food Research
and Technology, vol. 224, N: 6, pp. 801-809, 2007.
[4] M.P. Kahkonen, A.I. Hopia, H.J. Vuorela, J.P. Rauha, K. Pihlaja, and
T.S. Kujala, "Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic
compounds," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 47, pp.
3954-3962, 1999.
[5] N. Balasundram, K. Sundram, and S. Sammar, "Phenolic compounds in
plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence,
and potential uses," Food Chemistry, 68, pp.191-203, 2006.
[6] M. Naczk, and F. Shahidi,"Extraction and analysis of phenolics in
food," Journal of Chromatography A, 1054, pp. 95-111, 2004.
[7] R. Re, N. Pellegrini,A. Proteggente,A. Pannala, M. Yang, C. Rice
Evans, "Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation
decolorization assay," Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10),
pp. 1231-1237,1999.
[8] J. Sun, Y. Bin, P. Li, C. Duan, and F. Liang " Screening Non-colored
Phenolics in Red Wines using Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet and
Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry Libraries," Molecules, 12, pp.
679-693, 2007.
[9] F. S├│nchez-Rabaneda, O. J├íuregui, I. Casals, C. Andrés-Lacueva, and
M. Izquierdo- Pulido, " Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization
tandem mass spectrometric study of the phenolic composition of cocoa
(Theobroma cacao)," Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 38, pp. 35-42,
2003.
[10] T. Baytop, "Turkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi", Istanbul Univ. Yay., No.
2355, Istanbul, 1984.
[11] G. Toker, "FABAD," Journal of Pharmacology and Science, 20, pp.
75-79, 1995.
[12] P. Pietta, P. Mauri, A. Bruno, and L. Zini, "High- performance liquid
chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography of flavonol
glycosides from Tilia," Journal of Chromatography, 638, pp. 357-361,
1993.
[13] G. Toker, K.H.C. Baser, M. Kurkcuoglu, and T. Ozek, "Composition of
Essential Oils from Tilia L. species growing in Turkey," Journal of
Essential Oil Research, 11, pp. 369-374, 1998.
[14] J.B. Harborne, and T.J. Mabry, "The Flavonoids, Advances in
Research," Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, UK, 1982.
[15] Q. Chang, Z. Zuo, F. Harrison, and M.S. Chow, "Hawthorn," Journal
of Clinical Pharmacology, 42, pp. 605-612, 2002
[16] A. Grieve, "A modern herbal," Penguin Group, London, UK, 1984.
[17] D. Bown, "Encyclopaedia of herbs and their uses," Dorling Kindersley,
London, UK, 1995.
[18] A. Chevallier, "The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants," Dorling
Kindersley, London, UK, 1996.
[19] H. Zhao, J. Dong, J. Lu, J. Chen, Y. Li, L. Shan, Y. Lin, W. Fan, and G.
Gu, "Effect of extraction solvent mixtures on antioxidant activity
evaluation and their extraction capacity and selectivity for free phenolic
compounds in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), " J. Agric. Food Chem. 54,
pp. 7277-7286, 2006.
[20] A. Moure, J.M. Cruz, D. Franco, J.M. Dominguez, J. Siherio, H.
Dominguez, "Natural antioxidants from residual sources," Food
Chemistry, 72, pp. 145-171, 2001.
[21] B. Shan, Y.Z. Cai, M. Sun, and H. Corke, "Antioxidant capacity of 26
spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents,"
Journal of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, pp. 7749-7759,
2005.
[22] Z. Lisiewska, W. Kmiecik, and A. Korus, "Content of vitamin C,
carotenoids, chlorophylls and polyphenols in green parts of dill
(Anethum graveolens L.) depending on plant height," J. Food Comp.
Analys., 19, pp. 134-140, 2006.
[23] Y. Luo, Q. Cai, M. Sun, and H. Corke, "Antioxidant activity and
phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants
associated with anticancer," Life Science, 74, pp. 2157-2184, 2004.
[24] P.Maisuthisakul, M. Suttajit, and R. Pongsawatmanit, "Assessment of
phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai
indigenous plants," Food Chem., 4, pp. 1409-1418, 2007.
[25] I. Parejo, F. Viladomt, J. Bastida, A. Rosas-Romero, N. Flerlage, J.
Burillo, and C. Codina, "Comparison between the radical scavenging
activity and antioxidant activity of six distilled and nondistilled
Mediterranean herbs and aromatic plants," Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 6882-6890, 2002.
[26] Y.S. Velioglu, G. Mazza, L. Gao, and B.D., " Oomah, Antioxidant
activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain
products," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, pp. 4113-
4117, 1998.
[27] A. Bocco, M.E. Cuvelier, H. Richard, and C. Berset, "Antioxidant
activity and phenolic composition of citrus peel and seed extracts,"
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, pp. 2123-2129, 1998.
[28] A.S. Meyer, M. Heinonen, and E.N. Frankel, "Antioxidant interactions
of catechin, cyanidin, caffeic acid, quercetin and ellagic acid on human
LDL oxidation," Food Chemistry, 61, pp. 71-75, 1998.
[29] L. Almela, B. Sanchez-Munoz, J.A. Fernandez-Lopez, M. Roca, and V.
Rabe, "Liquid chromatograpic-mass spectrometric analysis of phenolics
and free radical scavenging activity of rosemary extract from different
raw material," Journal of Chromatography A, 1120, pp. 221-229,
2006.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:59406", author = "S. Demiray and M. E. Pintado and P. M. L. Castro", title = "Evaluation of Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Turkish Medicinal Plants: Tiliaargentea, Crataegi Folium Leaves and Polygonum bistorta Roots", abstract = "There is a growing interest in the food industry and in preventive health care for the development and evaluation of natural antioxidants from medicinal plant materials. In the present work, extracts of three medicinal plants (Tilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots) used in Turkish phytotheraphy were screened for their phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties. Crude extracts were obtained from different parts of plants, by solidliquid extraction with pure water, 70% acetone and 70% methanol aqueous solvents. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by ABTS.+ radical cation scavenging activity. The Folin Ciocalteu procedure was used to assess the total phenolic concentrations of the extracts as gallic acid equivalents. A modified liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) was used to obtain chromatographic profiles of the phenolic compounds in the medicinal plants. The predominant phenolic compounds detected in different extracts of the plants were catechin, protocatechuic and chlorogenic acids. The highest phenolic contents were obtained by using 70% acetone as aqueous solvent, whereas the lowest phenolic contents were obtained by water extraction due to Folin Ciocalteu results. The results indicate that acetone extracts of Tilia argentea had the highest antioxidant capacity as free ABTS radical scavengers. The lowest phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities were obtained from Polygonum bistorta root extracts.
", keywords = "Medicinal plants, antioxidant activity, totalphenolics, LC-ESI-MS.", volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "81-6", }
