Evaluation of Guaiacol and Syringol Emission upon Wood Pyrolysis for some Fast Growing Species
Wood pyrolysis for Casuarina glauca, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microtheca was made at 450°C with 2.5°C/min. in a flowing N2-atmosphere. The Eucalyptus genus wood gave higher values of specific gravity, ash , total extractives, lignin, N2-liquid trap distillate (NLTD) and water trap distillate (WSP) than those for Casuarina genus. The GHC of NLTD was higher for Casuarina genus than that for Eucalyptus genus with the highest value for Casuarina cunninghamiana. Guiacol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol and syringol were observed in the NLTD of all the four wood species reflecting their parent hardwood lignin origin. Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood had the highest lignin content (28.89%) and was pyrolyzed to the highest values of phenolics (73.01%), guaiacol (11.2%) and syringol (32.28%) contents in methylene chloride fraction (MCF) of NLTD. Accordingly, recoveries of syringol and guaiacol may become economically attractive from Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
[1] X. J. Guo, S. R. Wang, K. G. Wang and Z. Y. Luo. 2011. Experimental
researches on milled wood lignin pyrolysis based on analysis of bio-oil.
Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, vol. 27, pp. 426-430.
[2] V. Bridgwater and G. V. C. Peacocke. 2000. Fast pyrolysis processes
for biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 4, pp. 1-
73.
[3] J. Kjällstrand, O. Ramnäs and G. Petersson. 2000. Methoxyphenols
from burning of Scandinavian forest plant materials. Chemosphere, vol.
41, pp. 735-741.
[4] E. Ranzi, A. Cuoci, T. Faravelli, A. Frassoldati, G. Migliavacca, S.
Pierucci, S. Sommariva. 2008. Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis.
Energy Fuels, vol. 22, pp. 4292-4300.
[5] J. A. Caballero, R. Font, A. Marcilla. 1996. Kinetic study of the
secondary thermal decomposition of Kraft lignin. J. Anal. Appl.
Pyrolysis, vol. 38, pp. 131-152.
[6] J. Li, B. Li, X. Zhang. 2002. Comparative studies of thermal
degradation between larch lignin and manchurian ash lignin. Polym.
Degrad. Stab., vol. 78, pp. 279-285.
[7] M. Brebu and C. Vasile. 2010. Thermal degradation of lignin- A
review. Cellulose Chem. Technol., vol. 44 , pp. 353-363.
[8] Q. Liu, S. Wang, Y. Zheng, Z. Luo and K. Cen. 2008. Mechanism
study of wood lignin pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis. Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 82, pp. 170-177.
[9] M. Kleen and G. Gellerstedt. 1991. Characterization of chemical and
mechanical pulps by pyrolysis - gas chromatography / mass
spectrometry, J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. Vol. 19, pp. 139-152.
[10] B. R. T. Simoneit, W. F. Rogge, M. A. Mazurek, L. J. Standley, L. M.
Hi1demann and G. R. Cass. 1993. Lignin pyrolysis products, lignans,
and resin acids as specific tracers of plant classes in emissions from
biomass combustion, Environ. Sci. Techno, vol. 27, pp. 2533-2541.
[11] L. M. McKenzie, W. M. Hao, G. N. Richards and D. E. Ward. 1995.
Measurement and modeling of air toxins from smoldering combustion
of biomass, Environ Sci Technol, vol. 29, pp. 2047-2054.
[12] D. K. Shen, S. Gu, K. H. Luo, S. R. Wang, M. X. Fang. 2010. The
pyrolytic degradation of wood-derived lignin from pulping process.
Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 6136-6146.
[13] I.Brodin, E. Sjöholm and G. Gellerstedt. 2010. The behavior of kraft
lignin during thermal treatment. Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis, vol. 87, pp. 70-77.
[14] J. Jungho, A. T. Geoffrey, L. Yu-Chuan, R. C. Torren, S. Jiacheng, Z.
Taiying, Y. Bin, E. W. Charles, C. W. Curtis and W. H. George. 2010.
Depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel precursors:
maximizing carbon efficiency by combining hydrolysis with pyrolysis.
Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 358-365.
[15] J. N. Murwanashyaka, H. Pakdel and C. Roy. 2001. Separation of
syringol from birch wood-derived vacuum pyrolysis oil. Separation and
Purification Technology, vol. 24, pp. 155-165.
[16] J. Kjällstrand, O. Ramnäs and G. Petersson. 1998. Gas chromatographic
and mass spectrometric analysis of 36 lignin-related methoxyphenols
from uncontrolled combustion of wood. J. Chromatogr. A. 824: 205-
210.
[17] B. R. Pimenta, M. Vital, R. Bayona and R. Alzaga. 1998.
Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid products
from pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis by supercritical fluid extraction
and GC/MS determination. Fuel, vol.77, pp. 1133-1139.
[1] X. J. Guo, S. R. Wang, K. G. Wang and Z. Y. Luo. 2011. Experimental
researches on milled wood lignin pyrolysis based on analysis of bio-oil.
Chem. Res. Chinese Universities, vol. 27, pp. 426-430.
[2] V. Bridgwater and G. V. C. Peacocke. 2000. Fast pyrolysis processes
for biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 4, pp. 1-
73.
[3] J. Kjällstrand, O. Ramnäs and G. Petersson. 2000. Methoxyphenols
from burning of Scandinavian forest plant materials. Chemosphere, vol.
41, pp. 735-741.
[4] E. Ranzi, A. Cuoci, T. Faravelli, A. Frassoldati, G. Migliavacca, S.
Pierucci, S. Sommariva. 2008. Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis.
Energy Fuels, vol. 22, pp. 4292-4300.
[5] J. A. Caballero, R. Font, A. Marcilla. 1996. Kinetic study of the
secondary thermal decomposition of Kraft lignin. J. Anal. Appl.
Pyrolysis, vol. 38, pp. 131-152.
[6] J. Li, B. Li, X. Zhang. 2002. Comparative studies of thermal
degradation between larch lignin and manchurian ash lignin. Polym.
Degrad. Stab., vol. 78, pp. 279-285.
[7] M. Brebu and C. Vasile. 2010. Thermal degradation of lignin- A
review. Cellulose Chem. Technol., vol. 44 , pp. 353-363.
[8] Q. Liu, S. Wang, Y. Zheng, Z. Luo and K. Cen. 2008. Mechanism
study of wood lignin pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis. Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 82, pp. 170-177.
[9] M. Kleen and G. Gellerstedt. 1991. Characterization of chemical and
mechanical pulps by pyrolysis - gas chromatography / mass
spectrometry, J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. Vol. 19, pp. 139-152.
[10] B. R. T. Simoneit, W. F. Rogge, M. A. Mazurek, L. J. Standley, L. M.
Hi1demann and G. R. Cass. 1993. Lignin pyrolysis products, lignans,
and resin acids as specific tracers of plant classes in emissions from
biomass combustion, Environ. Sci. Techno, vol. 27, pp. 2533-2541.
[11] L. M. McKenzie, W. M. Hao, G. N. Richards and D. E. Ward. 1995.
Measurement and modeling of air toxins from smoldering combustion
of biomass, Environ Sci Technol, vol. 29, pp. 2047-2054.
[12] D. K. Shen, S. Gu, K. H. Luo, S. R. Wang, M. X. Fang. 2010. The
pyrolytic degradation of wood-derived lignin from pulping process.
Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 6136-6146.
[13] I.Brodin, E. Sjöholm and G. Gellerstedt. 2010. The behavior of kraft
lignin during thermal treatment. Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis, vol. 87, pp. 70-77.
[14] J. Jungho, A. T. Geoffrey, L. Yu-Chuan, R. C. Torren, S. Jiacheng, Z.
Taiying, Y. Bin, E. W. Charles, C. W. Curtis and W. H. George. 2010.
Depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel precursors:
maximizing carbon efficiency by combining hydrolysis with pyrolysis.
Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 358-365.
[15] J. N. Murwanashyaka, H. Pakdel and C. Roy. 2001. Separation of
syringol from birch wood-derived vacuum pyrolysis oil. Separation and
Purification Technology, vol. 24, pp. 155-165.
[16] J. Kjällstrand, O. Ramnäs and G. Petersson. 1998. Gas chromatographic
and mass spectrometric analysis of 36 lignin-related methoxyphenols
from uncontrolled combustion of wood. J. Chromatogr. A. 824: 205-
210.
[17] B. R. Pimenta, M. Vital, R. Bayona and R. Alzaga. 1998.
Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid products
from pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis by supercritical fluid extraction
and GC/MS determination. Fuel, vol.77, pp. 1133-1139.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:56106", author = "Sherif S. Z. Hindi", title = "Evaluation of Guaiacol and Syringol Emission upon Wood Pyrolysis for some Fast Growing Species", abstract = "Wood pyrolysis for Casuarina glauca, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microtheca was made at 450°C with 2.5°C/min. in a flowing N2-atmosphere. The Eucalyptus genus wood gave higher values of specific gravity, ash , total extractives, lignin, N2-liquid trap distillate (NLTD) and water trap distillate (WSP) than those for Casuarina genus. The GHC of NLTD was higher for Casuarina genus than that for Eucalyptus genus with the highest value for Casuarina cunninghamiana. Guiacol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol and syringol were observed in the NLTD of all the four wood species reflecting their parent hardwood lignin origin. Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood had the highest lignin content (28.89%) and was pyrolyzed to the highest values of phenolics (73.01%), guaiacol (11.2%) and syringol (32.28%) contents in methylene chloride fraction (MCF) of NLTD. Accordingly, recoveries of syringol and guaiacol may become economically attractive from Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
", keywords = "Wood, Pyrolysis, Guaiacol, Syringol", volume = "5", number = "8", pages = "704-5", }
