Evaluation of Energy-Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks
Many advanced Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks have been implemented for the effective routing of data. Energy awareness is an essential design issue and almost all of these routing protocols are considered as energy efficient and its ultimate objective is to maximize the whole network lifetime. However, the introductions of video and imaging sensors have posed additional challenges. Transmission of video and imaging data requires both energy and QoS aware routing in order to ensure efficient usage of the sensors and effective access to the gathered measurements. In this paper, the performance of the energy-aware QoS routing Protocol are analyzed in different performance metrics like average lifetime of a node, average delay per packet and network throughput. The parameters considered in this study are end-to-end delay, real time data generation/capture rates, packet drop probability and buffer size. The network throughput for realtime and non-realtime data was also has been analyzed. The simulation has been done in NS2 simulation environment and the simulation results were analyzed with respect to different metrics.
[1] Buczak and V. Jamalabad, "Self-organization of a Heterogeneous
Sensor Network by Genetic Algorithms," Intelligent Engineering
Systems Through Artificial NeuralNetworks, Vol. 8, pp. 259-264,
1998.
[2] C. R. Lin, "On Demand QoS routing in Multihop Mobile Networks,"
IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 3, pp1735-1744, 2000.
[3] C.R. Lin and M. Gerla, "Adaptive Clustering for Mobile Wireless
Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications,
Vol. 15, No. 7, pp 1265-1275, September 1997.
[4] C. Zhu and M. S. Corson, "QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks,"
In the Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2002. Volume: 2, pp 958-
967, 2002
[5] Elmallah, E.S.; Hassanein, H.S.; AboElFotoh, H.M., "Supporting QoS
routing in mobile ad hoc networks using probabilistic locality and
load balancing" Preceedings of the Global Telecommunications
Conference,IEEE, Volume 5, pp 2901 - 2906, September 2005.
[6] J.B. Andresen, T.S. Rappaport, and S. Yoshida, "Propagation
Measurements and Models for Wireless Communications Channels,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp 42 - 49, January
1995.
[7] K. Akkaya and M.Younis "An Energy-Aware QoS Routing Protocol
for Wireless Sensor Networks" Proceedings of the 23rd International
Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, pp 710-
715, May 2003.
[8] K. Sohrabi, J. Gao, V. Ailawadhi, G. J. Potie, "Protocols for
self-organization of a wireless sensor network," IEEE Personal
Communications, pp. 16 - 27, October 2000.
[9] M. Gerla, G. Pei, and S.-J. Lee, "Wireless, Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Routing," in the Proceedings of IEEE/ACM FOCUS'99, New
Brunswick, NJ, pp 1112-1124, May 1999.
[10] Querin and A. Orda, "QoS-based routing in networks with inaccurate
information: Theory and algorithms," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM-97,
Japan, pp. 75-83, 1997.
[11] Q.V.M. Ernesto, M.M. Marta and L.E.S Jose, "The K shortest paths
problem," Research Report, CISUC, June 1998.
[12] R. Sivakumar, P.Sinha, and V.Bharghavan, "CEDAR: A
Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc Routing Algorithm", IEEE
Journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 17, no. 8, pp 1454 -
1465, 1999.
[13] S. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, "Distributed Quality-of-Service Routing in
ad-hoc Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected areas in
Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp 1488 - 1505, August 1999.
[14] S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, "Link Sharing and Resource Management
Models for Packet Networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on
Networking, Vol. 3 No. 4 pp.365-386, August 1995
[15] S. Singh, M. Woo and C. S. Raghavendra, "Power-Aware Routing in
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks", in the Proceedings of ACM
MOBICOM'98, Dallas, Texas, pp 181 - 190 October 1998.
[16] W. C. Lee, M. G. Hluchyi and P. A. Humblet, "Routing Subject to
Quality of Service Constraints Integrated Communication Networks,"
IEEE Network, July/Aug. 1995.
[17] Zhang et al., "RSVP: A New Resource ReServation Protocol," IEEE
Network, Sept 1993.
[18] Z. Wang and J. Crowcraft, "QoS-based Routing for Supporting
Resource Reservation," IEEE Journal on Selected Area of
Communications, Sept 1996.
[1] Buczak and V. Jamalabad, "Self-organization of a Heterogeneous
Sensor Network by Genetic Algorithms," Intelligent Engineering
Systems Through Artificial NeuralNetworks, Vol. 8, pp. 259-264,
1998.
[2] C. R. Lin, "On Demand QoS routing in Multihop Mobile Networks,"
IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 3, pp1735-1744, 2000.
[3] C.R. Lin and M. Gerla, "Adaptive Clustering for Mobile Wireless
Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications,
Vol. 15, No. 7, pp 1265-1275, September 1997.
[4] C. Zhu and M. S. Corson, "QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks,"
In the Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2002. Volume: 2, pp 958-
967, 2002
[5] Elmallah, E.S.; Hassanein, H.S.; AboElFotoh, H.M., "Supporting QoS
routing in mobile ad hoc networks using probabilistic locality and
load balancing" Preceedings of the Global Telecommunications
Conference,IEEE, Volume 5, pp 2901 - 2906, September 2005.
[6] J.B. Andresen, T.S. Rappaport, and S. Yoshida, "Propagation
Measurements and Models for Wireless Communications Channels,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp 42 - 49, January
1995.
[7] K. Akkaya and M.Younis "An Energy-Aware QoS Routing Protocol
for Wireless Sensor Networks" Proceedings of the 23rd International
Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, pp 710-
715, May 2003.
[8] K. Sohrabi, J. Gao, V. Ailawadhi, G. J. Potie, "Protocols for
self-organization of a wireless sensor network," IEEE Personal
Communications, pp. 16 - 27, October 2000.
[9] M. Gerla, G. Pei, and S.-J. Lee, "Wireless, Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Routing," in the Proceedings of IEEE/ACM FOCUS'99, New
Brunswick, NJ, pp 1112-1124, May 1999.
[10] Querin and A. Orda, "QoS-based routing in networks with inaccurate
information: Theory and algorithms," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM-97,
Japan, pp. 75-83, 1997.
[11] Q.V.M. Ernesto, M.M. Marta and L.E.S Jose, "The K shortest paths
problem," Research Report, CISUC, June 1998.
[12] R. Sivakumar, P.Sinha, and V.Bharghavan, "CEDAR: A
Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc Routing Algorithm", IEEE
Journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 17, no. 8, pp 1454 -
1465, 1999.
[13] S. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, "Distributed Quality-of-Service Routing in
ad-hoc Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected areas in
Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp 1488 - 1505, August 1999.
[14] S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, "Link Sharing and Resource Management
Models for Packet Networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on
Networking, Vol. 3 No. 4 pp.365-386, August 1995
[15] S. Singh, M. Woo and C. S. Raghavendra, "Power-Aware Routing in
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks", in the Proceedings of ACM
MOBICOM'98, Dallas, Texas, pp 181 - 190 October 1998.
[16] W. C. Lee, M. G. Hluchyi and P. A. Humblet, "Routing Subject to
Quality of Service Constraints Integrated Communication Networks,"
IEEE Network, July/Aug. 1995.
[17] Zhang et al., "RSVP: A New Resource ReServation Protocol," IEEE
Network, Sept 1993.
[18] Z. Wang and J. Crowcraft, "QoS-based Routing for Supporting
Resource Reservation," IEEE Journal on Selected Area of
Communications, Sept 1996.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:64544", author = "M.K.Jeya Kumar", title = "Evaluation of Energy-Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks", abstract = "Many advanced Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks have been implemented for the effective routing of data. Energy awareness is an essential design issue and almost all of these routing protocols are considered as energy efficient and its ultimate objective is to maximize the whole network lifetime. However, the introductions of video and imaging sensors have posed additional challenges. Transmission of video and imaging data requires both energy and QoS aware routing in order to ensure efficient usage of the sensors and effective access to the gathered measurements. In this paper, the performance of the energy-aware QoS routing Protocol are analyzed in different performance metrics like average lifetime of a node, average delay per packet and network throughput. The parameters considered in this study are end-to-end delay, real time data generation/capture rates, packet drop probability and buffer size. The network throughput for realtime and non-realtime data was also has been analyzed. The simulation has been done in NS2 simulation environment and the simulation results were analyzed with respect to different metrics.
", keywords = "Cluster nodes, end-to-end delay, QoS routing, routing protocols, sensor networks, least-cost-path.", volume = "4", number = "3", pages = "682-6", }
