Enhanced Dimensional Stability of Rigid PVC Foams Using Glass Fibers
Two types of glass fibers having different lengths
(1/16" and 1/32") were added into rigid PVC foams to enhance the
dimensional stability of extruded rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
foam at different concentrations (0-20 phr) using a single screw
profile extruder. PVC foam-glass fiber composites (PVC-GF) were
characterized for their dimensional stability, structural, thermal, and
mechanical properties. Experimental results show that the
dimensional stability, heat resistance, and storage modulus were
enhanced without compromising the tensile and flexural strengths of
the composites. Overall, foam composites which were prepared with
longer glass fibers exhibit better mechanical and thermal properties
than those prepared with shorter glass fibers due to higher
interlocking between the fibers and the foam cells, which result in
better load distribution in the matrix.
[1] Li Shen, JulianeHaufe, Martin K. Patel, “Product overview and market
projection of emerging bio-based plastics”, PRO-BIP 2009
[2] S. T. Lee, C. B. Park, “Polymeric Foams”, (2006).
[3] “Mineral fillers for PVC reinforcement” British plastic and rubber, 2003
[4] Haihong Jiang and D. Pascal Kamdem “Development of poly(vinyl
chloride)/wood composites. A literature review”, Journal of Vinyl and
Additive Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pages 59–69, 2004
[5] JenöBorda, GyörgyDeák, MiklósZsuga, KálmánMarossy and
SándorKéki, “Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)–
continuous carbon fiber composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, Vol. 124, Issue 1, pages 190–194, 2012
[6] R. G. Raj, B. V. Kokta and C. Daneault, “ Comparative study on the
effect of aging on mechanical properties of LLDPE-glass fiber, mica,
and wood fiber composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.
40, Issue 5-6, pages 645–655, 1990
[7] Levy A. Canova, Larry W. Ferguson, Luke M. Parrinello, Rajgopal
Subramanian, Harold F. Giles, Jr, “Effect of Combinations of Fiber
Glass and Mica on the Physical Properties and Dimensional Stability of
Injection Molded Polypropylene Composites”, Plastics Saving Planet
Earth, ANTEC 1997 Plastics
[8] Jang, S. H., Kim, Y. H., Lim, S., Choi, G. D., Kim, S. H. and Kim, W.
N. “Effects of fiber characteristics on the mechanical and rheological
properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/glass fiber composites”,
Journal of Applied Polymer and Science, 116: 3005–3, 2010
[9] Hassan, Aziz, Rahman, NormasmiraAbd., Yahya and Rosiyah,
“Extrusion and injection-molding of glass fiber/MAPP/polypropylene:
Effect of coupling agent on DSC, DMA, and mechanical properties”,
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 30, n 14, p 1223-
1232, 2011
[10] Robert J. Young and Peter A. Lovell, “Introduction to Polymers”, 3rd,
2011
[11] GuralpOzkoc, GoknurBayram and ErdalBayramli, “Short glass fiber
reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and
characterization”, Journal of Polymer Composites, Vol. 26, Issue 6,
pages 745–755, 2005
[12] J.L and Thomason, “The influence of fibre length, diameter and
concentration on the impact performance of long glass-fibre reinforced
polyamide 6,6“, Composites Part A: Applied Science and
Manufacturing, Vol. 40, Issue 2, Pages 114-124, February 2009
[13] Haihong Jiang1, D. Pascal Kamdem1, Bill Bezubic and Paul Ruede
“Mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/wood flour/glass fiber
hybrid composites”, Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, Vol. 9,
Iss3, pages 138–145,. 2003
[14] H.S. Katz, J.V. Mileski, “Handbook of Fillers for Plastics”, 1987
[15] James Lindsay White, “Principles of Polymer Engineering Rheology“,
1990
[16] Rudolph D. Deanin and Gerardo “glass-fiber-reinforced poly(butylene
terephthalate) structural foam”, conference proceeding
[17] Laurent M. Matuana, Chul B. Park, and John J. Balatinecz, “Cell
morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed
PVC/wood-fiber composites”, Journal of Polymer Engineering &
Science, 2004
[18] Fatih Mengeloglu1 and Laurent M. Matuana, “Mechanical properties of
extrusion-foamed rigid PVC/wood-flour composites”, Journal of Vinyl
and Additive Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pages 26–31, March 2003
[19] S. Tungjitpornkull, K. Chaochanchaikul, N. Sombatsompop,
“Mechanical Characterization of E-Chopped Strand Glass Fiber
Reinforced Wood/PVC Composites”, Journal of Thermoplastic
Composite Material, Vol. 20 no. 6 535-550, 2007
[20] J. Qiao, A.V. Amirkhizi, K. Schaaf, S. Nemat-Nasser, “Dynamic
Mechanical Analysis of Fly Ash Filled Polyurea Elastomer”, J.
Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 133, 2011.
[1] Li Shen, JulianeHaufe, Martin K. Patel, “Product overview and market
projection of emerging bio-based plastics”, PRO-BIP 2009
[2] S. T. Lee, C. B. Park, “Polymeric Foams”, (2006).
[3] “Mineral fillers for PVC reinforcement” British plastic and rubber, 2003
[4] Haihong Jiang and D. Pascal Kamdem “Development of poly(vinyl
chloride)/wood composites. A literature review”, Journal of Vinyl and
Additive Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pages 59–69, 2004
[5] JenöBorda, GyörgyDeák, MiklósZsuga, KálmánMarossy and
SándorKéki, “Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)–
continuous carbon fiber composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, Vol. 124, Issue 1, pages 190–194, 2012
[6] R. G. Raj, B. V. Kokta and C. Daneault, “ Comparative study on the
effect of aging on mechanical properties of LLDPE-glass fiber, mica,
and wood fiber composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.
40, Issue 5-6, pages 645–655, 1990
[7] Levy A. Canova, Larry W. Ferguson, Luke M. Parrinello, Rajgopal
Subramanian, Harold F. Giles, Jr, “Effect of Combinations of Fiber
Glass and Mica on the Physical Properties and Dimensional Stability of
Injection Molded Polypropylene Composites”, Plastics Saving Planet
Earth, ANTEC 1997 Plastics
[8] Jang, S. H., Kim, Y. H., Lim, S., Choi, G. D., Kim, S. H. and Kim, W.
N. “Effects of fiber characteristics on the mechanical and rheological
properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/glass fiber composites”,
Journal of Applied Polymer and Science, 116: 3005–3, 2010
[9] Hassan, Aziz, Rahman, NormasmiraAbd., Yahya and Rosiyah,
“Extrusion and injection-molding of glass fiber/MAPP/polypropylene:
Effect of coupling agent on DSC, DMA, and mechanical properties”,
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 30, n 14, p 1223-
1232, 2011
[10] Robert J. Young and Peter A. Lovell, “Introduction to Polymers”, 3rd,
2011
[11] GuralpOzkoc, GoknurBayram and ErdalBayramli, “Short glass fiber
reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and
characterization”, Journal of Polymer Composites, Vol. 26, Issue 6,
pages 745–755, 2005
[12] J.L and Thomason, “The influence of fibre length, diameter and
concentration on the impact performance of long glass-fibre reinforced
polyamide 6,6“, Composites Part A: Applied Science and
Manufacturing, Vol. 40, Issue 2, Pages 114-124, February 2009
[13] Haihong Jiang1, D. Pascal Kamdem1, Bill Bezubic and Paul Ruede
“Mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/wood flour/glass fiber
hybrid composites”, Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, Vol. 9,
Iss3, pages 138–145,. 2003
[14] H.S. Katz, J.V. Mileski, “Handbook of Fillers for Plastics”, 1987
[15] James Lindsay White, “Principles of Polymer Engineering Rheology“,
1990
[16] Rudolph D. Deanin and Gerardo “glass-fiber-reinforced poly(butylene
terephthalate) structural foam”, conference proceeding
[17] Laurent M. Matuana, Chul B. Park, and John J. Balatinecz, “Cell
morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed
PVC/wood-fiber composites”, Journal of Polymer Engineering &
Science, 2004
[18] Fatih Mengeloglu1 and Laurent M. Matuana, “Mechanical properties of
extrusion-foamed rigid PVC/wood-flour composites”, Journal of Vinyl
and Additive Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pages 26–31, March 2003
[19] S. Tungjitpornkull, K. Chaochanchaikul, N. Sombatsompop,
“Mechanical Characterization of E-Chopped Strand Glass Fiber
Reinforced Wood/PVC Composites”, Journal of Thermoplastic
Composite Material, Vol. 20 no. 6 535-550, 2007
[20] J. Qiao, A.V. Amirkhizi, K. Schaaf, S. Nemat-Nasser, “Dynamic
Mechanical Analysis of Fly Ash Filled Polyurea Elastomer”, J.
Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 133, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:68692", author = "Nidal H. Abu-Zahra and Murtatha M. Jamel and Parisa Khoshnoud and Subhashini Gunashekar", title = "Enhanced Dimensional Stability of Rigid PVC Foams Using Glass Fibers", abstract = "Two types of glass fibers having different lengths
(1/16" and 1/32") were added into rigid PVC foams to enhance the
dimensional stability of extruded rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
foam at different concentrations (0-20 phr) using a single screw
profile extruder. PVC foam-glass fiber composites (PVC-GF) were
characterized for their dimensional stability, structural, thermal, and
mechanical properties. Experimental results show that the
dimensional stability, heat resistance, and storage modulus were
enhanced without compromising the tensile and flexural strengths of
the composites. Overall, foam composites which were prepared with
longer glass fibers exhibit better mechanical and thermal properties
than those prepared with shorter glass fibers due to higher
interlocking between the fibers and the foam cells, which result in
better load distribution in the matrix.
", keywords = "Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC Foam, PVC Composites,
Glass Fiber Composites.", volume = "9", number = "1", pages = "12-6", }
