Effects of Safflower Cake Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performances, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Garganica Kids
Two group of kids (“Safflower cake" and “Control") were fed ad libitum with pelleted total mixed rations. After a 7-days adaptation period, the diet of the “Safflower cake" group were supplemented with 20% of safflower cake. The kids were slaughtered at 96 days of age. Dietary safflower cake did not affect the growth traits of kids. In addition, kids fed experimental diet showed a lower feed intake and consequently a better feed conversion ratio in comparison to the “Control" group. The use of safflower decreased the level of SFA and increased the level of MUFA in kid meat. The level of PUFA was higher in lipid extracted from animals feeding “Control“ diet even if the UFA level was lower. Furthermore, lipid extracted from animals feeding control diet contained more ω6 fatty acids in comparison to kids feeding experimental diet while the opposite trend was observed for the level of ω3 fatty acids. The ω6 to ω3 ratio was significantly affected by diet and in particular this ratio decreased in meat of kids fed experimental diet. Our results indicate that intramuscular fatty acid composition of kid meat can be improved from a human health perspective by inclusion of safflower cake in the diet.
[1] Petrini C. (2001) Slow food. Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Company.
[2] Irie M., Sakimoto M. 1992. Fat characteristics of pigs fed fish oil
containing eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, Journal of
Anim. Sci., 70, 2: 470-477.
[3] Kelly ML, Berry JR, Dwyer DA, Griinari JM, Chouinard PY, Van
Amburgh ME, Bauman DE. (1998) -Dietary fatty acid sources affect
conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk from lactating cows.
Journal of Nutrition 128, 881-885
[4] Hornstra G. (1999) - Lipids in functional foods in relation to
cardiovascular disease. Lipids, 12, S456-S466.
[5] Dhiman TR, Saller LD, Pariza MW, Galli MP, Albright K, Tolosa MX.
(2000) - Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk from cows
offered diets rich in linoleic and linolenic acid. Journal of Dairy Science
83, 1016-1027.
[6] Vicenti A., Ragni M., Giannico F., Vonghia G., Zezza l. (2001) -
Impiego di acidi grassi omega-3 nell-allattamento artificiale per la
produzione del capretto. 2. Effetti sulla composizione chimica e sul
profilo acidico delle carni. Zoot. Nutr. Anim., XXVII, 1, 23-32.
[7] Raes, K., S. De Smet, and D. Demeyer. 2001. Effect of doublemuscling
in Belgian Blue young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition
with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Anim. Sci. 73:253-260.
[8] Pinto F., Ragni R., Caputi Jambrenghi A., Vicenti A., Marsico G., Zezza
L., Vonghia G. (2001) - Acidic composition of milk from mares fed on
a diet containing safflower oil. V Inter. Safflower Conf., North Dakota
and Sidney, Montana USA July 23-27
[9] Vicenti A., Ragni M., Colonna M.A., Megna V., Vonghia G. (2002) -
Effects of lamb feeding with suckling feeds containing -3
polinsaturated fatty acids. 2. Chemical composition and fatty acid profile
of lamb meat. 48th International Congress of Meat Science and
Technology, Rome, 25-30 August, Italy.
[10] Azain M.J. (2004) Role of fatty acids in adipocyte growth and
development, J. Anim. Sci., 82: 916-924.
[11] Pinto F., Schiavone M., Marsico G. (2004) - Effects of diets containing
w-3 fatty acids on productive performances and meat quality of
"Murgese" foals. Progress in Nutrition, 2, 122-131, ISSN:1129 - 8723.
[12] Nudda A., Battacone G., Fancellu S., Pulina G. (2005) - The transfer of
conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid from milk to meat in goats,
Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 4, 2:395-397.
[13] Sengupta S, Muir JG, Gibson PR. (2006) - Does butyrate protect from
colerectal cancer, J. Gastroenterol Hepatol; 21 (1 Pt 2), 209-18.
[14] Pinto F., Schiavone M., Marsico G. (2007) - Effects of dietary w-3 fatty
acids content on productive performances and meat qualità of Martina
Franca donkey foals. Progress in Nutrition, 9, (1), 29-38, ISSN:1129 -
8723.
[15] Secchiari P, Serra A, Mele M. (2007) - Oxidation status of lipid
"Colonnata Lard" from two different swine breeds. Proceedings of 6th
International Symposium on the Mediterranean Pig. October 11-13,
2007, 104, Capo d'Orlando (ME) Italy.
[16] Kohler G.O., Kuzmicky D.D., Palter R., Guggolz J., Herring V.V.
(1966) - Safflower Meal. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists-
Society, 43, 6, 413-415.
[17] Boza J., Varela G., Fonollà J. (1967) - Estudio del valor nutritivo de la
harina de cártamo en óvidos. Revista de Nutricion Animal, V, 4, 228-
234.
[18] Pinto F., Vicenti A., Marsico G., Vonghia G., Ciruzzi B. (1992) -
Performances and cholesterol content of meets from "Gentile di Puglia"
and crossbred (Sarda X Altamurana) lambs, fed with complete fodders,
greased with safflower oil. 43 Reuni├│n Anual de la F.E.Z., Madrid
(Spagna), 13-17 settembre, 388-389.
[19] Muci M.R., Cappello A.R., Vonghia G., Bellitti E., Zezza L., Gnoni
G.V. (1992) - Change in Cholesterol Levels and in Lipid Fatty Acid
Composition in Safflower Oil Fed Lambs. International Journal for
Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 62, 4, 330-333.
[20] Vicenti A., Marsico G., Pinto F., Laudadio V., Vonghia G., Ciruzzi B.
(1993) - Impiego del mallo di mandorla e del panello di cartamo
nell-alimentazione dell-agnello da carne. 1. Performance produttiva di
agnelli allevati a regime stallino. Atti 10┬░ Congresso Nazionale ASPA,
Bologna, 31 maggio-3 giugno, 405-412.
[21] Marsico G., Ragni M., Vicenti A., Caputi Jambrenghi A., Tateo A.,
Giannico F., Vonghia G. 2000. The quality of meat from lambs and kids
reared on feeds based on artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) bracts. Acta
Hort. (ISHS) 681:489-494.
[22] Bolte M.R., Hess B.W., Means W.J., Moss G.E., Rule D.C. 2002.
Feeding lambs high-oleate or high-linoleate safflower seeds
differentially influences carcass fatty acid composition. Journal of
Animal Science, 80, 3; 609-616.
[23] Scholljegerdes E.J., Hess B.W., Moss G.E., Hixon D.L., Rule D.C. 2004
- Influence of supplemental cracked high-linoleate or high-oleate
safflower seeds on site and extent of digestion in beef cattle. J Anim Sci
2004. 82:3577-3588.
[24] Corleto A., Pinto F., De Caro A., Alba E., De Franchi S., Magini L.,
Mallik A-As Saqui, Franco F., Ciampi A. (1980) - Il Cartamo, una
nuova pianta da olio per il meridione. Infor. Agr., XXXVI, 6, 9045-
9057.
[25] Koutroubas S.D., Papakosta D.K., Doitsinis A. 2009 - Phenotypic
variation in physiological determinants of yield in spring sown safflower
under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research, 112, 2-3, 199-
204.
[26] Velasco L., Pérez-Vich B., Hamdan Y., Fern├ández_Martinez J.M.
(2005) - Genetic of several seed oil quality traits in safflower.
Proceedings of the VIth International Safflower Conference.
SAFFLOWER: a unique crop for oil spices and health consequently, a
better life for you, 6-10 June, Istanbul-Turkey.
[27] Commissione Valutazione della Produzione quanti-qualitativa della
Carne dell-ASPA (1991) - Metodologie relative alla macellazione degli
animali di interesse zootecnico e alla valutazione di dissezione della loro
carcassa. ISMEA, Roma.
[28] Folch J., Lees M., Sloan-Stanley H. (1957) - A simple method for the
isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol.
Chem., 226, 497-509.
[29] Ulbricht T.L.V., Southgate D.A.T. (1991) - Coronary heart disease:
seven dietary factors. The Lancet, 338: 982-992.
[30] SAS (1999/2000) - SAS/STATTM. Guide for Personal Computers,
Version 8.1, Edn. SAS Istitute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
[31] Marinova P., Banskalieva V., Alexandrov S., Tzvetkova V., Stanchev H.
(2001) - Carcass composition and quality of kids fed sunflower oil
supplemented diet. Small Ruminant Research, 42, 219-227.
[32] Arguello A., Castro N., Capote J., Solomon M. (2005) - Effects of diet
and live weight at slaughter on kid meat quality. Meat Science, 70, 173-
179.
[33] Secchiari P.L. (2010) - Attualità sulla qualità nutrizionale delle carni,
Progress in Nutrition, 12, 2: 106-136.
[34] Horrobin D.F. and Bennet C.N.(1999)- Depression and bipolar disorder:
relationships to impaired fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and to
diabetes, cardiovascular disease,immunological abnormalities, cancer,
ageing and osteoporosis. Possible candidate genes, "Prostaglandins
Leukot. Essent. Fatty acids, 60, (4),217-234.
[35] Carnovale E, Marletta L. (1997) - Tabella di composizione degli
alimenti. Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione. Milano: EDRA.
[36] Galli C. (1999)- Recenti acquisizioni sugli effetti favorevoli degli acidi
grassi polinsaturi w3 sulla salute umana. Progr. In Nutr., I (3-4), 15-18.
[37] Ulbricht TLV, Southgate DAT. (1991) - Coronary hearr disease: seven
dietary factorso Lancet, 338: 985-92.
[1] Petrini C. (2001) Slow food. Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Company.
[2] Irie M., Sakimoto M. 1992. Fat characteristics of pigs fed fish oil
containing eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, Journal of
Anim. Sci., 70, 2: 470-477.
[3] Kelly ML, Berry JR, Dwyer DA, Griinari JM, Chouinard PY, Van
Amburgh ME, Bauman DE. (1998) -Dietary fatty acid sources affect
conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk from lactating cows.
Journal of Nutrition 128, 881-885
[4] Hornstra G. (1999) - Lipids in functional foods in relation to
cardiovascular disease. Lipids, 12, S456-S466.
[5] Dhiman TR, Saller LD, Pariza MW, Galli MP, Albright K, Tolosa MX.
(2000) - Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk from cows
offered diets rich in linoleic and linolenic acid. Journal of Dairy Science
83, 1016-1027.
[6] Vicenti A., Ragni M., Giannico F., Vonghia G., Zezza l. (2001) -
Impiego di acidi grassi omega-3 nell-allattamento artificiale per la
produzione del capretto. 2. Effetti sulla composizione chimica e sul
profilo acidico delle carni. Zoot. Nutr. Anim., XXVII, 1, 23-32.
[7] Raes, K., S. De Smet, and D. Demeyer. 2001. Effect of doublemuscling
in Belgian Blue young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition
with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Anim. Sci. 73:253-260.
[8] Pinto F., Ragni R., Caputi Jambrenghi A., Vicenti A., Marsico G., Zezza
L., Vonghia G. (2001) - Acidic composition of milk from mares fed on
a diet containing safflower oil. V Inter. Safflower Conf., North Dakota
and Sidney, Montana USA July 23-27
[9] Vicenti A., Ragni M., Colonna M.A., Megna V., Vonghia G. (2002) -
Effects of lamb feeding with suckling feeds containing -3
polinsaturated fatty acids. 2. Chemical composition and fatty acid profile
of lamb meat. 48th International Congress of Meat Science and
Technology, Rome, 25-30 August, Italy.
[10] Azain M.J. (2004) Role of fatty acids in adipocyte growth and
development, J. Anim. Sci., 82: 916-924.
[11] Pinto F., Schiavone M., Marsico G. (2004) - Effects of diets containing
w-3 fatty acids on productive performances and meat quality of
"Murgese" foals. Progress in Nutrition, 2, 122-131, ISSN:1129 - 8723.
[12] Nudda A., Battacone G., Fancellu S., Pulina G. (2005) - The transfer of
conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid from milk to meat in goats,
Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 4, 2:395-397.
[13] Sengupta S, Muir JG, Gibson PR. (2006) - Does butyrate protect from
colerectal cancer, J. Gastroenterol Hepatol; 21 (1 Pt 2), 209-18.
[14] Pinto F., Schiavone M., Marsico G. (2007) - Effects of dietary w-3 fatty
acids content on productive performances and meat qualità of Martina
Franca donkey foals. Progress in Nutrition, 9, (1), 29-38, ISSN:1129 -
8723.
[15] Secchiari P, Serra A, Mele M. (2007) - Oxidation status of lipid
"Colonnata Lard" from two different swine breeds. Proceedings of 6th
International Symposium on the Mediterranean Pig. October 11-13,
2007, 104, Capo d'Orlando (ME) Italy.
[16] Kohler G.O., Kuzmicky D.D., Palter R., Guggolz J., Herring V.V.
(1966) - Safflower Meal. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists-
Society, 43, 6, 413-415.
[17] Boza J., Varela G., Fonollà J. (1967) - Estudio del valor nutritivo de la
harina de cártamo en óvidos. Revista de Nutricion Animal, V, 4, 228-
234.
[18] Pinto F., Vicenti A., Marsico G., Vonghia G., Ciruzzi B. (1992) -
Performances and cholesterol content of meets from "Gentile di Puglia"
and crossbred (Sarda X Altamurana) lambs, fed with complete fodders,
greased with safflower oil. 43 Reuni├│n Anual de la F.E.Z., Madrid
(Spagna), 13-17 settembre, 388-389.
[19] Muci M.R., Cappello A.R., Vonghia G., Bellitti E., Zezza L., Gnoni
G.V. (1992) - Change in Cholesterol Levels and in Lipid Fatty Acid
Composition in Safflower Oil Fed Lambs. International Journal for
Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 62, 4, 330-333.
[20] Vicenti A., Marsico G., Pinto F., Laudadio V., Vonghia G., Ciruzzi B.
(1993) - Impiego del mallo di mandorla e del panello di cartamo
nell-alimentazione dell-agnello da carne. 1. Performance produttiva di
agnelli allevati a regime stallino. Atti 10┬░ Congresso Nazionale ASPA,
Bologna, 31 maggio-3 giugno, 405-412.
[21] Marsico G., Ragni M., Vicenti A., Caputi Jambrenghi A., Tateo A.,
Giannico F., Vonghia G. 2000. The quality of meat from lambs and kids
reared on feeds based on artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) bracts. Acta
Hort. (ISHS) 681:489-494.
[22] Bolte M.R., Hess B.W., Means W.J., Moss G.E., Rule D.C. 2002.
Feeding lambs high-oleate or high-linoleate safflower seeds
differentially influences carcass fatty acid composition. Journal of
Animal Science, 80, 3; 609-616.
[23] Scholljegerdes E.J., Hess B.W., Moss G.E., Hixon D.L., Rule D.C. 2004
- Influence of supplemental cracked high-linoleate or high-oleate
safflower seeds on site and extent of digestion in beef cattle. J Anim Sci
2004. 82:3577-3588.
[24] Corleto A., Pinto F., De Caro A., Alba E., De Franchi S., Magini L.,
Mallik A-As Saqui, Franco F., Ciampi A. (1980) - Il Cartamo, una
nuova pianta da olio per il meridione. Infor. Agr., XXXVI, 6, 9045-
9057.
[25] Koutroubas S.D., Papakosta D.K., Doitsinis A. 2009 - Phenotypic
variation in physiological determinants of yield in spring sown safflower
under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research, 112, 2-3, 199-
204.
[26] Velasco L., Pérez-Vich B., Hamdan Y., Fern├ández_Martinez J.M.
(2005) - Genetic of several seed oil quality traits in safflower.
Proceedings of the VIth International Safflower Conference.
SAFFLOWER: a unique crop for oil spices and health consequently, a
better life for you, 6-10 June, Istanbul-Turkey.
[27] Commissione Valutazione della Produzione quanti-qualitativa della
Carne dell-ASPA (1991) - Metodologie relative alla macellazione degli
animali di interesse zootecnico e alla valutazione di dissezione della loro
carcassa. ISMEA, Roma.
[28] Folch J., Lees M., Sloan-Stanley H. (1957) - A simple method for the
isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol.
Chem., 226, 497-509.
[29] Ulbricht T.L.V., Southgate D.A.T. (1991) - Coronary heart disease:
seven dietary factors. The Lancet, 338: 982-992.
[30] SAS (1999/2000) - SAS/STATTM. Guide for Personal Computers,
Version 8.1, Edn. SAS Istitute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
[31] Marinova P., Banskalieva V., Alexandrov S., Tzvetkova V., Stanchev H.
(2001) - Carcass composition and quality of kids fed sunflower oil
supplemented diet. Small Ruminant Research, 42, 219-227.
[32] Arguello A., Castro N., Capote J., Solomon M. (2005) - Effects of diet
and live weight at slaughter on kid meat quality. Meat Science, 70, 173-
179.
[33] Secchiari P.L. (2010) - Attualità sulla qualità nutrizionale delle carni,
Progress in Nutrition, 12, 2: 106-136.
[34] Horrobin D.F. and Bennet C.N.(1999)- Depression and bipolar disorder:
relationships to impaired fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and to
diabetes, cardiovascular disease,immunological abnormalities, cancer,
ageing and osteoporosis. Possible candidate genes, "Prostaglandins
Leukot. Essent. Fatty acids, 60, (4),217-234.
[35] Carnovale E, Marletta L. (1997) - Tabella di composizione degli
alimenti. Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione. Milano: EDRA.
[36] Galli C. (1999)- Recenti acquisizioni sugli effetti favorevoli degli acidi
grassi polinsaturi w3 sulla salute umana. Progr. In Nutr., I (3-4), 15-18.
[37] Ulbricht TLV, Southgate DAT. (1991) - Coronary hearr disease: seven
dietary factorso Lancet, 338: 985-92.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61573", author = "Pinto F. and Dario C. and Selvaggi M. and Vicenti A.", title = "Effects of Safflower Cake Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performances, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Garganica Kids", abstract = "Two group of kids (“Safflower cake" and “Control") were fed ad libitum with pelleted total mixed rations. After a 7-days adaptation period, the diet of the “Safflower cake" group were supplemented with 20% of safflower cake. The kids were slaughtered at 96 days of age. Dietary safflower cake did not affect the growth traits of kids. In addition, kids fed experimental diet showed a lower feed intake and consequently a better feed conversion ratio in comparison to the “Control" group. The use of safflower decreased the level of SFA and increased the level of MUFA in kid meat. The level of PUFA was higher in lipid extracted from animals feeding “Control“ diet even if the UFA level was lower. Furthermore, lipid extracted from animals feeding control diet contained more ω6 fatty acids in comparison to kids feeding experimental diet while the opposite trend was observed for the level of ω3 fatty acids. The ω6 to ω3 ratio was significantly affected by diet and in particular this ratio decreased in meat of kids fed experimental diet. Our results indicate that intramuscular fatty acid composition of kid meat can be improved from a human health perspective by inclusion of safflower cake in the diet.
", keywords = "Cake, fatty acids, meat, safflower.", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "362-3", }
