Effects of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Durian Skin Fibre Filled Polypropylene Composite
Durian skin is a newly explores natural fibre
potentially reinforced polyolefin for diverse applications. In this
work, investigation on the effect of coupling agent, maleic anhydride
polypropylene (MAPP) on the mechanical, morphological, and
thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with durian skin
fibre (DSF) was conducted. The presence of 30 wt% DSF
significantly reduced the tensile strength of PP-DSF composite.
Interestingly, even though the same trend goes to PP-DSF with the
presence of MAPP, the reduction is only about 4% relative to
unreinforced PP and 18% higher than PP-DSF without MAPP
(untreated composite or UTC). The used of MAPP in treated
composite (TC) also increased the tensile modulus, flexural
properties and degradation temperature. The enhanced mechanical
properties are consistent with good interfacial interaction as
evidenced under scanning electron microscopy.
[1] Asokan P, Osmani M, Price ADF. Assessing the recycling potential of
glass fibre reinforced plastic waste in concrete and cement composites. J
Clean Prod 2009;17:821-9.
[2] Wambua P, Ivens J, Verpoest I. Natural fibers: can they replace glass in
fiber reinforced plastics? Compos Sci Tech 2003;63:1259-1264.
[3] Arrakhiz FZ, El Achaby M, Kakou CA, Vaudreuil S, Benmoussa K,
Bouhfid R. Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene
reinforced with chemically modifies coir fibers: impact of chemical
treatments. Mater Des 2012;37:379-83.
[4] Justiz-Smith NG, Virgo GJ, Buchanan VE. Potential of Jamaican
banana, coconut coir and bagasse fibres as composite materials. Mater
Charact 2008;59:1273-8.
[5] Voon Y, Sheikh Abdul Hamid N, Rusul G, Osman A, Quek S.
Physicochemical, microbial and sensory changes of minimally processed
durian (Durio zibethinus cv. D24) during storage at 4 and 28 oC.
Postharvest Biology and Technology 2006;42:168–75.
[6] Yang HS, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Lee BJ, Hwang TS. Water absorption
behavior and mechanical properties of lignocellulosic filler-polyolefin
bio-composites. Compos. Struct. 2006;72(4):429-37.
[7] El-Sabbagh. Effect of coupling agent on natural fibre in natural
fibre/polypropylene composites on mechanical and thermal behaviour.
Compos Part B-Eng 2014;57:126-35.
[8] Nadir Ayrilmis, Alperen Kaymakci, Ferhat Ozdemir. Physical,
mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites filled
with walnut shell flour. J Ind Eng Chem 2013;19:908-14.
[9] Yan ZL, Wang H, Lau KT, Pather S, Zhang JC, Lin G, Ding Y.
Reinforcement of polypropylene with hemp fibres. Compo Part B-Eng
2013;46:221-6.
[10] Kim HS, Kim S, Kim HJ, Yang HS. Thermal properties of bio-flour
filled polyelefin with different compatibilizing agent type and content.
Thermochim Acta 2006;451:181-8.
[11] Meysam Zahedi, Hamidreza Pirayesh, Hossein Khanjanzadeh, Mohsen
Mohseni Tabar. Organo-modified montmorillonite reinforced walnut
shell/polypropylene composites. Mater Des 2013;51:803-9.
[12] Ferg EE, Bolo LL. A correlation between the variable melt flow index
and the molecular mass distribution of virgin and recycled
polypropylene used in the manufacturing of battery cases. Polym
Testing 2013;32:1452-9.
[13] Anuar H, Wan Busu WN, Ahmad SH, Rasid R. Reinforced
thermoplastic natural rubber hybrid composites with Hibiscus
cannabinus, L and short glass fiber – Part I: Processing parameters and
tensile properties. J Compos Mater 2008;42(11):1075-87.
[14] Ezequiel Perez, Lucia Fama, Pardo SG, Abad MJ, Celina Bernal. Tensile
and fracture behaviour of PP/wood flour composites. Compos Part BEng
2012;43:2795-800.
[15] Cantero, G., Arbelaiz, A., Llano-Ponte, R. & Mondragon, I. 2003.
Effects of fiber treatment on wettability and mechanical behavior of
flax/polypropylene composites. Compos. Sci. & Technol. 63: 1247-1254.
[16] Harper D, Wolcott M. Interaction between coupling agent and lubricants
in wood–polypropylene composites. Compos Part A-2004;35:385-94.
[17] Azwa ZN, Yousif BF, Manalo AC, Karunasena W. A review on the
degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres. Mater
Des 2013; 47: 424-42.
[18] Ragoubi M, George B, Molina S, Bienaime D, Merlin A, Hiver JM,
Dahoun A. Effect of corona discharge treatment on mechanical and
thermal properties of composites based on michantus fibres and
polylactic acid or polypropylene matrix. Compos Part A- Appl Sci Manu
2012; 43: 675-85.
[19] Faisal Amri, Salmah Husseinsyah, Kamarudin Hussin. Mechanical,
morphological and thermal properties of chitosan filled polypropylene
composites: The effect of binary modifying agents. Compos Part AAppl
Sci Manu 2013; 46: 89-95.
[1] Asokan P, Osmani M, Price ADF. Assessing the recycling potential of
glass fibre reinforced plastic waste in concrete and cement composites. J
Clean Prod 2009;17:821-9.
[2] Wambua P, Ivens J, Verpoest I. Natural fibers: can they replace glass in
fiber reinforced plastics? Compos Sci Tech 2003;63:1259-1264.
[3] Arrakhiz FZ, El Achaby M, Kakou CA, Vaudreuil S, Benmoussa K,
Bouhfid R. Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene
reinforced with chemically modifies coir fibers: impact of chemical
treatments. Mater Des 2012;37:379-83.
[4] Justiz-Smith NG, Virgo GJ, Buchanan VE. Potential of Jamaican
banana, coconut coir and bagasse fibres as composite materials. Mater
Charact 2008;59:1273-8.
[5] Voon Y, Sheikh Abdul Hamid N, Rusul G, Osman A, Quek S.
Physicochemical, microbial and sensory changes of minimally processed
durian (Durio zibethinus cv. D24) during storage at 4 and 28 oC.
Postharvest Biology and Technology 2006;42:168–75.
[6] Yang HS, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Lee BJ, Hwang TS. Water absorption
behavior and mechanical properties of lignocellulosic filler-polyolefin
bio-composites. Compos. Struct. 2006;72(4):429-37.
[7] El-Sabbagh. Effect of coupling agent on natural fibre in natural
fibre/polypropylene composites on mechanical and thermal behaviour.
Compos Part B-Eng 2014;57:126-35.
[8] Nadir Ayrilmis, Alperen Kaymakci, Ferhat Ozdemir. Physical,
mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites filled
with walnut shell flour. J Ind Eng Chem 2013;19:908-14.
[9] Yan ZL, Wang H, Lau KT, Pather S, Zhang JC, Lin G, Ding Y.
Reinforcement of polypropylene with hemp fibres. Compo Part B-Eng
2013;46:221-6.
[10] Kim HS, Kim S, Kim HJ, Yang HS. Thermal properties of bio-flour
filled polyelefin with different compatibilizing agent type and content.
Thermochim Acta 2006;451:181-8.
[11] Meysam Zahedi, Hamidreza Pirayesh, Hossein Khanjanzadeh, Mohsen
Mohseni Tabar. Organo-modified montmorillonite reinforced walnut
shell/polypropylene composites. Mater Des 2013;51:803-9.
[12] Ferg EE, Bolo LL. A correlation between the variable melt flow index
and the molecular mass distribution of virgin and recycled
polypropylene used in the manufacturing of battery cases. Polym
Testing 2013;32:1452-9.
[13] Anuar H, Wan Busu WN, Ahmad SH, Rasid R. Reinforced
thermoplastic natural rubber hybrid composites with Hibiscus
cannabinus, L and short glass fiber – Part I: Processing parameters and
tensile properties. J Compos Mater 2008;42(11):1075-87.
[14] Ezequiel Perez, Lucia Fama, Pardo SG, Abad MJ, Celina Bernal. Tensile
and fracture behaviour of PP/wood flour composites. Compos Part BEng
2012;43:2795-800.
[15] Cantero, G., Arbelaiz, A., Llano-Ponte, R. & Mondragon, I. 2003.
Effects of fiber treatment on wettability and mechanical behavior of
flax/polypropylene composites. Compos. Sci. & Technol. 63: 1247-1254.
[16] Harper D, Wolcott M. Interaction between coupling agent and lubricants
in wood–polypropylene composites. Compos Part A-2004;35:385-94.
[17] Azwa ZN, Yousif BF, Manalo AC, Karunasena W. A review on the
degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres. Mater
Des 2013; 47: 424-42.
[18] Ragoubi M, George B, Molina S, Bienaime D, Merlin A, Hiver JM,
Dahoun A. Effect of corona discharge treatment on mechanical and
thermal properties of composites based on michantus fibres and
polylactic acid or polypropylene matrix. Compos Part A- Appl Sci Manu
2012; 43: 675-85.
[19] Faisal Amri, Salmah Husseinsyah, Kamarudin Hussin. Mechanical,
morphological and thermal properties of chitosan filled polypropylene
composites: The effect of binary modifying agents. Compos Part AAppl
Sci Manu 2013; 46: 89-95.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71553", author = "Hazleen Anuar and Nur Aimi Mohd Nasir and Yousuf El-Shekeil", title = "Effects of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Durian Skin Fibre Filled Polypropylene Composite", abstract = "Durian skin is a newly explores natural fibre
potentially reinforced polyolefin for diverse applications. In this
work, investigation on the effect of coupling agent, maleic anhydride
polypropylene (MAPP) on the mechanical, morphological, and
thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with durian skin
fibre (DSF) was conducted. The presence of 30 wt% DSF
significantly reduced the tensile strength of PP-DSF composite.
Interestingly, even though the same trend goes to PP-DSF with the
presence of MAPP, the reduction is only about 4% relative to
unreinforced PP and 18% higher than PP-DSF without MAPP
(untreated composite or UTC). The used of MAPP in treated
composite (TC) also increased the tensile modulus, flexural
properties and degradation temperature. The enhanced mechanical
properties are consistent with good interfacial interaction as
evidenced under scanning electron microscopy.", keywords = "Durian skin fiber, coupling agent, mechanical
properties, thermogravimetry analysis.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "1378-5", }
