Effect of Jatropha curcas Leaf Extract on Castor Oil Induced Diarrhea in Albino Rats
Plants as therapeutic agents are used as drug in many parts of the world. Medicinal plants are mostly used in developing countries due to culture acceptability, belief or due to lack of easy access to primary health care services. Jatropha curcas is a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family which is widely used in Northern Nigeria as an anti-diarrheal agent. This study was conducted to determine the anti-diarrheal effect of the leaf extract on castor oil induced diarrhea in albino rats. The leaves of J. curcas were collected from Balanga Local government in Gombe State, north-eastern Nigeria; due to its bioavailability. The leaves were air-dried at room temperature and ground to powder. Phytochemical screening was done and different concentrations of the extract was prepared and administered to the different categories of experimental animals. From the results, aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha curcas at doses of 200mg/Kg and 400mg/Kg was found to reduce the mean stool score as compared to control rats, however, maximum reduction was achieved with the standard drug of Loperamide (5mg/Kg). Treatment of diarrhea with 200mg/Kg of the extract did not produce any significant decrease in stool fluid content but was found to be significant in those rats that were treated with 400mg/Kg of the extract at 2hours (0.05±0.02) and 4hours (0.01±0.01). A significant reduction of diarrhea in the experimental animals signifies it to possess some anti-diarrheal activity.
[1] A.T. Oladele, O. C. Cyril, O.C. and O. E. Taiwo (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as memory enhancer and anti-aging in Ondo State, Nigeria. International journal of pharmacy 2(1):26-32.
[2] L. S. Latha and P. N. Reddy (2009). Antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and analysis of phytochemiscal constituents of Shaeranthus amaranthoides. Indian J Sci Technol 2(3):45-48.
[3] A. Soforowa (2008) medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa (3rd edition). Spectrum books ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp 199-205
[4] R. L. Guerrant, T. Van Gilder, T.S. Steiner, M.N. Thielman, L. Slutsker, and R. V. Tauxe (2001) practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhoea. Clin. Infect Dis 32:331-335.
[5] R. Audu, S. R. Umilabug, J. K. Renner, J. A Awodiji (2000) Diarrhoea management. J Nigerian Infect Contr Asso. 3:15
[6] C. O. Okujagu, C. O. Kadiri, E. U. Akueshi, S. E. Agina, and C. Ngurukwem (2005) Anti-microbial potential of Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae). Nig J Botany 15:31-41
[7] J. de jongh (2006) General data on Jatropha curcas. In handbook on Jatropha curcas (ed. W. Rijssenbech), pp 4-9, FACT Foundation, Eindhoven.
[8] J. M. Watt and M. G. Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) the medicinal and poisonous of southern and eastern Africa, 2nd edn. Livingstone, London UK
[9] O.M. Agbogidi, S.O. Akparobi and P.G. Eruotor (2013) health and environmental benefits of Jatropha curcas Linn. App. Sci. Rep 1(2):36-39
[10] J. R. Shah (2011) investigation on the Gastroprotective and anti-diarrheal properties of Mimosa pudica leaves, Karnataka Bangalore, India. Published MSc thesis, Ragiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India.
[11] J. A. Crowford (1999). The gastrointestinal tract. In: R. S. Cotran, V. Kumar and T. Collins (ed). Pathologic basis of diseases (6edn). WB Saunders Company. Pp 805-807.
[12] W. T. Tadesa, A. E. Hailu, A. E. Gurmu, and A. F. Mechesso (2014) Experimental assessment of antidiarrheal and antisecretory activity of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Zehneria scabra in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14:460
[13] N. C. Chaulya, P. K. Halder, and A. Mukherjee (2011) Anti-diarrhoeal activity of methanol extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences 3:133.
[14] B. Kumar, K. Divakar, P. Tiwari, M. Salhan, and D. Goli (2010) Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of fruit pulp of Terminalia belerica in rats. Int J Drugs Dev Res 2: 769-779
[15] D. F. Altman (2001) Drugs used in gastrointestinal disease. In: B. G. Katzung. ‘Basic and clinical pharmacology’ 8th edition. Lange Medical Books/ Mc Graw Hill, New York. Pp 1070-1071.
[16] OECD Guidelines (2008) Guidelines for testing of chemicals; Acute Oral Toxicity: Up and Down procedures. OECD publishing. http://www.oecdlibrary.
[17] C. S. Franca, F. S. Menezes, L. C. Costa, E. S. Niculau, P.B. Alves, J. E. Pinto, R. M. Marcal (2008) Analgesic and anti-diarrheal properties of Ocimun selloi essential oil in mice. Fitoterapia 79(suppl 7-8): 569-573
[18] R. A. Ahirao, M. R. Patel, D. M. Pokal, d. K. Patil and H. P. Suryawanshi (2011) Phytochemical screening of the leaves of Jatropha curcas plant. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and pharmacy 2:1324
[19] B. G. Katzung (2004) basic and clinical pharmacology. Boston McGraw Hill, 50
[20] E. T. Williams, J. T. Barminas, J. Akinniyi, and A. Williams (2009) Antidiarrheal effects of Jatropha curcas in male mice. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3(8):152-157
[21] A. B. Sallau, G. C. Njaki, A. R. Olokisi, A.U. Wurochekke, A. Abdulkadir, S. Isah, M. S. Abubakar, and S. Ibrahim (2005) Effects of Jatropha curcas leaf extracts on some Echis carinatus venom enzyme. J Med Sci 5(4):2880-283.
[22] M. W. Iwu, A.R. Duncan, and C.O. Ukunji (1999) New antimicrobials of plant origin In: Perspective on new crops and new uses (Janick, J. Editor) ASHS press, Alexandra, V A. pp 457-462.
[23] A. H. Atta, and S. M. Moueir (2005) Evaluation of some medicinal plants extracts for antidiarrheal activity. Phytother Res 19: 303-309
[24] Shettima et al 2012
[25] E. A. Palombo (2006) Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhea; modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phytother Res 20:717-724
[26] E. O. Ekundayo and J. N. Ekekwe (2013) Antibacterial activity of leaves of Jatropha curcas and Euphorbia heterophylla. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7(44): 5097-5100
[27] O. O. Igbinosa, E. O. Igbinosa, O. Aiyegoro (2009) aantimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stembark extracts from atropha curcas Linn. Afr J phar Pharmacol 3(2): 058-062.
[1] A.T. Oladele, O. C. Cyril, O.C. and O. E. Taiwo (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as memory enhancer and anti-aging in Ondo State, Nigeria. International journal of pharmacy 2(1):26-32.
[2] L. S. Latha and P. N. Reddy (2009). Antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and analysis of phytochemiscal constituents of Shaeranthus amaranthoides. Indian J Sci Technol 2(3):45-48.
[3] A. Soforowa (2008) medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa (3rd edition). Spectrum books ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp 199-205
[4] R. L. Guerrant, T. Van Gilder, T.S. Steiner, M.N. Thielman, L. Slutsker, and R. V. Tauxe (2001) practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhoea. Clin. Infect Dis 32:331-335.
[5] R. Audu, S. R. Umilabug, J. K. Renner, J. A Awodiji (2000) Diarrhoea management. J Nigerian Infect Contr Asso. 3:15
[6] C. O. Okujagu, C. O. Kadiri, E. U. Akueshi, S. E. Agina, and C. Ngurukwem (2005) Anti-microbial potential of Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae). Nig J Botany 15:31-41
[7] J. de jongh (2006) General data on Jatropha curcas. In handbook on Jatropha curcas (ed. W. Rijssenbech), pp 4-9, FACT Foundation, Eindhoven.
[8] J. M. Watt and M. G. Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) the medicinal and poisonous of southern and eastern Africa, 2nd edn. Livingstone, London UK
[9] O.M. Agbogidi, S.O. Akparobi and P.G. Eruotor (2013) health and environmental benefits of Jatropha curcas Linn. App. Sci. Rep 1(2):36-39
[10] J. R. Shah (2011) investigation on the Gastroprotective and anti-diarrheal properties of Mimosa pudica leaves, Karnataka Bangalore, India. Published MSc thesis, Ragiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India.
[11] J. A. Crowford (1999). The gastrointestinal tract. In: R. S. Cotran, V. Kumar and T. Collins (ed). Pathologic basis of diseases (6edn). WB Saunders Company. Pp 805-807.
[12] W. T. Tadesa, A. E. Hailu, A. E. Gurmu, and A. F. Mechesso (2014) Experimental assessment of antidiarrheal and antisecretory activity of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Zehneria scabra in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14:460
[13] N. C. Chaulya, P. K. Halder, and A. Mukherjee (2011) Anti-diarrhoeal activity of methanol extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences 3:133.
[14] B. Kumar, K. Divakar, P. Tiwari, M. Salhan, and D. Goli (2010) Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of fruit pulp of Terminalia belerica in rats. Int J Drugs Dev Res 2: 769-779
[15] D. F. Altman (2001) Drugs used in gastrointestinal disease. In: B. G. Katzung. ‘Basic and clinical pharmacology’ 8th edition. Lange Medical Books/ Mc Graw Hill, New York. Pp 1070-1071.
[16] OECD Guidelines (2008) Guidelines for testing of chemicals; Acute Oral Toxicity: Up and Down procedures. OECD publishing. http://www.oecdlibrary.
[17] C. S. Franca, F. S. Menezes, L. C. Costa, E. S. Niculau, P.B. Alves, J. E. Pinto, R. M. Marcal (2008) Analgesic and anti-diarrheal properties of Ocimun selloi essential oil in mice. Fitoterapia 79(suppl 7-8): 569-573
[18] R. A. Ahirao, M. R. Patel, D. M. Pokal, d. K. Patil and H. P. Suryawanshi (2011) Phytochemical screening of the leaves of Jatropha curcas plant. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and pharmacy 2:1324
[19] B. G. Katzung (2004) basic and clinical pharmacology. Boston McGraw Hill, 50
[20] E. T. Williams, J. T. Barminas, J. Akinniyi, and A. Williams (2009) Antidiarrheal effects of Jatropha curcas in male mice. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3(8):152-157
[21] A. B. Sallau, G. C. Njaki, A. R. Olokisi, A.U. Wurochekke, A. Abdulkadir, S. Isah, M. S. Abubakar, and S. Ibrahim (2005) Effects of Jatropha curcas leaf extracts on some Echis carinatus venom enzyme. J Med Sci 5(4):2880-283.
[22] M. W. Iwu, A.R. Duncan, and C.O. Ukunji (1999) New antimicrobials of plant origin In: Perspective on new crops and new uses (Janick, J. Editor) ASHS press, Alexandra, V A. pp 457-462.
[23] A. H. Atta, and S. M. Moueir (2005) Evaluation of some medicinal plants extracts for antidiarrheal activity. Phytother Res 19: 303-309
[24] Shettima et al 2012
[25] E. A. Palombo (2006) Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhea; modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phytother Res 20:717-724
[26] E. O. Ekundayo and J. N. Ekekwe (2013) Antibacterial activity of leaves of Jatropha curcas and Euphorbia heterophylla. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7(44): 5097-5100
[27] O. O. Igbinosa, E. O. Igbinosa, O. Aiyegoro (2009) aantimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stembark extracts from atropha curcas Linn. Afr J phar Pharmacol 3(2): 058-062.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:72222", author = "Fatima U. Maigari and Musa Halilu and M. Maryam Umar and Rabiu Zainab", title = "Effect of Jatropha curcas Leaf Extract on Castor Oil Induced Diarrhea in Albino Rats", abstract = "Plants as therapeutic agents are used as drug in many parts of the world. Medicinal plants are mostly used in developing countries due to culture acceptability, belief or due to lack of easy access to primary health care services. Jatropha curcas is a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family which is widely used in Northern Nigeria as an anti-diarrheal agent. This study was conducted to determine the anti-diarrheal effect of the leaf extract on castor oil induced diarrhea in albino rats. The leaves of J. curcas were collected from Balanga Local government in Gombe State, north-eastern Nigeria; due to its bioavailability. The leaves were air-dried at room temperature and ground to powder. Phytochemical screening was done and different concentrations of the extract was prepared and administered to the different categories of experimental animals. From the results, aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha curcas at doses of 200mg/Kg and 400mg/Kg was found to reduce the mean stool score as compared to control rats, however, maximum reduction was achieved with the standard drug of Loperamide (5mg/Kg). Treatment of diarrhea with 200mg/Kg of the extract did not produce any significant decrease in stool fluid content but was found to be significant in those rats that were treated with 400mg/Kg of the extract at 2hours (0.05±0.02) and 4hours (0.01±0.01). A significant reduction of diarrhea in the experimental animals signifies it to possess some anti-diarrheal activity.", keywords = "Anti-diarrhea, Diarrhea, Jatropha curcas, Loperamide.", volume = "10", number = "1", pages = "28-4", }
