Effect of Hormonal Manipulations on the Pattern of the Vaginal Tissue Structure
Design of experiments made for correlated the hormonal activity of steroids and their effect on the vaginal structure properties. Vaginal wall consists of distinct layers of cells which strongly differ regarding growth in answer to steroid hormones. The presence study carried out for functional evaluation and sustained replacement effect of the reproductive hormones on the vaginal morphometry in the rabbit. Rabbits were maintained control (Co) or ovariectomized (Ovz) and continuously treated with estradiol (Ovz E) and estradiol mixture with testosterone (Ovz ET). Relative to control rabbits with the distinct tissue distribution pattern, ovariectomized animals displayed declined epithelial thickness and atrophy of the muscularis layer that cause the vaginal wall thinning. Estradiol treatment of Orz rabbits inverted these changes to status of the preovariectomy. Histometric measurements in Ovz ET group completely including of thickness of the epithelial and muscular layers was greater in comparison to that of control animals.
[1] D. L. Buchanan, T. Kurita, J. A. Taylor, D. B. Lubahn, G. R. Cunha, and
P.S. Cooke, "Role of stromal and epithelial estrogen receptors in vaginal
epithelial proliferation, stratification, and cornification," Endocrinology,
vol. 139, pp. 4345-4352, 1998.
[2] J. G. Forsberg, "A morphologist-s approach to the vagina-age-related
changes and estrogen sensitivity," Maturitas, vol. 22, pp. S7-S15, 1995.
[3] J. G. Forsberg, "Short-term and long-term effects of estrogen on
lymphoid tissues and lymphoid cells with some remarks on the
significance for carcinogenesis," Arch. Toxicol., vol. 55, pp. 79-90,
1984.
[4] M. Hilliges, C. Falconer, G. Ekman-Ordeberg, and O. Johansson,
"Innervation of the human vaginal mucosa as revealed by PGP 9.5
immunohistochemistry," Acta. Anat. (Basel), vol. 153, pp. 119-126,
1995.
[5] C. Huggins, E. V. Jensen, and A. S. Cleveland, "Chemical structure of
steroids in relation to promotion of growth of the vagina and uterus of
the hypophysectomized rat," J. Exp. Med., vol. 100, pp. 225-240, 1954.
[6] N. N. Kim, K. Min, M. A. Pessina, R. Munarriz, I. Goldstein, and A. M.
Traish, "Effects of ovariectomy and steroid hormones on vaginal smooth
muscle contractility," Int. J. Impot. Res., vol. 16, pp. 43-50, 2004.
[7] A. B. MacLean, L. A. Nicol, and M. B. Hodgins, "Immunohistochemical
localization of estrogen receptors in the vulva and vagina," J. Reprod.
Med., vol. 35, pp. 1015-1016, 1990.
[8] A. Mariotti, and M. Mawhinney, "Androgenic regulation of estrogenic
action on accessory sex organ smooth muscle," J. Urol., vol. 129, pp.
180-185, 1983.
[9] M. E. Mendelsohn, and R. H. Karas, "Estrogen and the blood vessel
wall," Curr. Opin. Cardiol., vol. 9, 619-626, 1994.
[10] C. N. Mowa, and T. Iwanaga, "Differential distribution of oestrogen
receptoralpha and -beta mRNAs in the female reproductive organ of rats
as revealed by in situ hybridization,"J. Endocrinol., vol. 165, pp. 59-66,
2000.
[11] K. Park, K. Ahn, S. Lee, S. Ryu, Y. Park, and K. M. Azadzoi,
"Decreased circulating levels of estrogen alter vaginal and clitoral blood
flow and structure in the rabbit," Int. J. Impot. Res., vol. 13, pp. 116-
124, 2001.
[12] D. Robinson, R. O. Rainer, S. A. Washburn, and T. B. Clarkson,
"Effects of estrogen and progestin replacement on the urogenital tract of
the ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey ,"Neurourol Urodyn., vol. 15,
pp. 215-221, 1996.
[13] P. M. Sarrel, "Psychosexual effects of menopause: role of androgens ,"
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., vol.; 180, pp. S319-S324, 1999.
[14] R. Zaino , "Diseases of the vagina. In: R. J. Kurman, , ed. Blaustein-s
pathology of the female genital tract. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002,
pp. 132-136.
[1] D. L. Buchanan, T. Kurita, J. A. Taylor, D. B. Lubahn, G. R. Cunha, and
P.S. Cooke, "Role of stromal and epithelial estrogen receptors in vaginal
epithelial proliferation, stratification, and cornification," Endocrinology,
vol. 139, pp. 4345-4352, 1998.
[2] J. G. Forsberg, "A morphologist-s approach to the vagina-age-related
changes and estrogen sensitivity," Maturitas, vol. 22, pp. S7-S15, 1995.
[3] J. G. Forsberg, "Short-term and long-term effects of estrogen on
lymphoid tissues and lymphoid cells with some remarks on the
significance for carcinogenesis," Arch. Toxicol., vol. 55, pp. 79-90,
1984.
[4] M. Hilliges, C. Falconer, G. Ekman-Ordeberg, and O. Johansson,
"Innervation of the human vaginal mucosa as revealed by PGP 9.5
immunohistochemistry," Acta. Anat. (Basel), vol. 153, pp. 119-126,
1995.
[5] C. Huggins, E. V. Jensen, and A. S. Cleveland, "Chemical structure of
steroids in relation to promotion of growth of the vagina and uterus of
the hypophysectomized rat," J. Exp. Med., vol. 100, pp. 225-240, 1954.
[6] N. N. Kim, K. Min, M. A. Pessina, R. Munarriz, I. Goldstein, and A. M.
Traish, "Effects of ovariectomy and steroid hormones on vaginal smooth
muscle contractility," Int. J. Impot. Res., vol. 16, pp. 43-50, 2004.
[7] A. B. MacLean, L. A. Nicol, and M. B. Hodgins, "Immunohistochemical
localization of estrogen receptors in the vulva and vagina," J. Reprod.
Med., vol. 35, pp. 1015-1016, 1990.
[8] A. Mariotti, and M. Mawhinney, "Androgenic regulation of estrogenic
action on accessory sex organ smooth muscle," J. Urol., vol. 129, pp.
180-185, 1983.
[9] M. E. Mendelsohn, and R. H. Karas, "Estrogen and the blood vessel
wall," Curr. Opin. Cardiol., vol. 9, 619-626, 1994.
[10] C. N. Mowa, and T. Iwanaga, "Differential distribution of oestrogen
receptoralpha and -beta mRNAs in the female reproductive organ of rats
as revealed by in situ hybridization,"J. Endocrinol., vol. 165, pp. 59-66,
2000.
[11] K. Park, K. Ahn, S. Lee, S. Ryu, Y. Park, and K. M. Azadzoi,
"Decreased circulating levels of estrogen alter vaginal and clitoral blood
flow and structure in the rabbit," Int. J. Impot. Res., vol. 13, pp. 116-
124, 2001.
[12] D. Robinson, R. O. Rainer, S. A. Washburn, and T. B. Clarkson,
"Effects of estrogen and progestin replacement on the urogenital tract of
the ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey ,"Neurourol Urodyn., vol. 15,
pp. 215-221, 1996.
[13] P. M. Sarrel, "Psychosexual effects of menopause: role of androgens ,"
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., vol.; 180, pp. S319-S324, 1999.
[14] R. Zaino , "Diseases of the vagina. In: R. J. Kurman, , ed. Blaustein-s
pathology of the female genital tract. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002,
pp. 132-136.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:64832", author = "Fatahian Dehkordi RF. and Parchami A.", title = "Effect of Hormonal Manipulations on the Pattern of the Vaginal Tissue Structure", abstract = "Design of experiments made for correlated the hormonal activity of steroids and their effect on the vaginal structure properties. Vaginal wall consists of distinct layers of cells which strongly differ regarding growth in answer to steroid hormones. The presence study carried out for functional evaluation and sustained replacement effect of the reproductive hormones on the vaginal morphometry in the rabbit. Rabbits were maintained control (Co) or ovariectomized (Ovz) and continuously treated with estradiol (Ovz E) and estradiol mixture with testosterone (Ovz ET). Relative to control rabbits with the distinct tissue distribution pattern, ovariectomized animals displayed declined epithelial thickness and atrophy of the muscularis layer that cause the vaginal wall thinning. Estradiol treatment of Orz rabbits inverted these changes to status of the preovariectomy. Histometric measurements in Ovz ET group completely including of thickness of the epithelial and muscular layers was greater in comparison to that of control animals.
", keywords = "Vagina, Ovariectomy, Rabbit, Morphometry", volume = "6", number = "5", pages = "186-3", }
