Effect of Cr and Fe Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructures
In the present study, we have synthesized Cr and Fe
doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (Zn1-δCraFebO; where δ = a +
b = 20%, a = 5, 6, 8 & 10% and b = 15, 14, 12 & 10%) via sol-gel
method at different doping concentrations. The synthesized samples
were characterized for structural properties by X-ray diffractrometer
and field emission scanning electron microscope and the optical
properties were carried out through photoluminescence and UVvisible
spectroscopy. The particle size calculated through field
emission scanning electron microscope varies from 41 to 96 nm for
the samples synthesized at different doping concentrations. The
optical band gaps calculated through UV-visible spectroscopy are
found to be decreasing from 3.27 to 3.02 eV as the doping
concentration of Cr increases and Fe decreases.
[1] R. N. Nickolov, B. V. Donkova, K. I. Milenova, D.R. Mehandjiev,
“Porous texture of CuO prepared from copper oxalate precursor,”
Adsorpt. Sci. Technol,. vol. 24, 2006, pp. 497-505.
[2] P. K. Khanna, S. Gaikwad, P.V. Adhyapak, N. Singh, R. Marimuthu,
“Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles,” Mater. Lett.,
vol. 61, 2007, pp. 4711-4714.
[3] J. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Peng, X. Wang, “Fabrication of MgO nanobelts
using a halide source and their structural characterization,” Appl. Phys.
A, vol. 73, 2001, pp. 773–775.
[4] S. L. Pan, D. D. Zeng, H. L. Zhang, H. L. Li, “Preparation of ordered
array of nanoscopic gold rods by template method and its optical
properties,” Appl. Phys. A, vol. 70, 2000, pp. 637–640.
[5] L. Qian, Z. Liu, Y. Mo, H. Yuan, D. Xiao, “Large scale preparation of
urchin like Li doped ZnO using simple radio frequency chemical vapor
synthesis,” Mater. Lett., vol. 100, 2013, pp.124–126.
[6] Z. L. Wang, “Splendid one-dimensional nanostructures of zinc oxide: A
new nanomaterial family for nanotechnology,” ACS Nano, vol. 2, 2008,
pp.1987–92.
[7] F. M. Juddin, K Iskandar, F. G. Okuyama, “Stable photoluminescence of
zinc oxide quantum dots in silica nanoparticles matrix prepared by the
combined sol-gel and spray drying method,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 89,
2001, pp. 6431.
[8] P. Chand, A. Gaur, A. Kumar, “Structural, optical and ferroelectric
behavior of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructures,” Superlatt.
Microstr., vol. 64, 2013, pp. 331-342.
[9] S. Kamarnen, M. Bruno, E. Mariani, “Synthesis of ZnO with and
without microwaves,” Mater. Res. Bull., vol. 35, 2000, pp. 1843-1847.
[10] T. Tani, L. Madler, S. E. Pratsinis, “Homogeneous ZnO nanoparticles by
flame spray pyrolysis,” J. Nanopart. Res., vol. 4, 2002, pp. 337-343.
[11] Z.R. Khan, M.S. Khan, M. Zulfequar, M. Shahid Khan, “Optical and
structural properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by sol-gel method,”
Materials Sciences and Applications, vol. 2, 2011, pp. 340-345.
[12] Y.S. Kim, W.P. Tai, S.J. Shu, “Effect of Preheating Temperature on
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO thin films by sol-gel process,”
Thin Solid Films, vol. 491, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 153-160.
[13] N. Orhan, M. C. Baykul, “Characterization of size-controlled ZnO
nanorods produced by electrochemical deposition technique,” Solid-
State Electronics, vol. 78, 2012, pp. 147-150.
[14] P. Chand, A. Gaur, A. Kumar, “Structural and optical properties of ZnO
nanoparticles synthesized at different pH values,” J. Alloys and
Compounds, vol. 539, 2012, pp. 174-178.
[15] L. Hannachi, N. Bouarissa, “Band parameters for cadmium and zinc
chalcogenide compounds,” Physica B, vol.404, 2009, pp. 3650–3654.
[16] Y. Akaltun, M.A. Yıldırım, A. Ates, M. Yıldırım, “The relationship
between refractive index-energy gap and the film thickness effect on the
characteristic parameters of CdSe thin films,” Optics Communications,
vol. 284, 2011, pp. 2307–2311.
[17] N. Bouarissa, “Pseudopotential calculations of Cd1-xZnxTe: Energy gaps
and dielectric constants,” Physica B, vol. 399, 2007, pp. 126–131.
[18] F. Mezrag, W.K. Mohamed, N. Bouarissa, “The effect of zinc
concentration upon optical and dielectric properties of Cd1-xZnxSe,”
Physica B, vol. 405, 2010, pp. 2272–2276.
[1] R. N. Nickolov, B. V. Donkova, K. I. Milenova, D.R. Mehandjiev,
“Porous texture of CuO prepared from copper oxalate precursor,”
Adsorpt. Sci. Technol,. vol. 24, 2006, pp. 497-505.
[2] P. K. Khanna, S. Gaikwad, P.V. Adhyapak, N. Singh, R. Marimuthu,
“Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles,” Mater. Lett.,
vol. 61, 2007, pp. 4711-4714.
[3] J. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Peng, X. Wang, “Fabrication of MgO nanobelts
using a halide source and their structural characterization,” Appl. Phys.
A, vol. 73, 2001, pp. 773–775.
[4] S. L. Pan, D. D. Zeng, H. L. Zhang, H. L. Li, “Preparation of ordered
array of nanoscopic gold rods by template method and its optical
properties,” Appl. Phys. A, vol. 70, 2000, pp. 637–640.
[5] L. Qian, Z. Liu, Y. Mo, H. Yuan, D. Xiao, “Large scale preparation of
urchin like Li doped ZnO using simple radio frequency chemical vapor
synthesis,” Mater. Lett., vol. 100, 2013, pp.124–126.
[6] Z. L. Wang, “Splendid one-dimensional nanostructures of zinc oxide: A
new nanomaterial family for nanotechnology,” ACS Nano, vol. 2, 2008,
pp.1987–92.
[7] F. M. Juddin, K Iskandar, F. G. Okuyama, “Stable photoluminescence of
zinc oxide quantum dots in silica nanoparticles matrix prepared by the
combined sol-gel and spray drying method,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 89,
2001, pp. 6431.
[8] P. Chand, A. Gaur, A. Kumar, “Structural, optical and ferroelectric
behavior of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructures,” Superlatt.
Microstr., vol. 64, 2013, pp. 331-342.
[9] S. Kamarnen, M. Bruno, E. Mariani, “Synthesis of ZnO with and
without microwaves,” Mater. Res. Bull., vol. 35, 2000, pp. 1843-1847.
[10] T. Tani, L. Madler, S. E. Pratsinis, “Homogeneous ZnO nanoparticles by
flame spray pyrolysis,” J. Nanopart. Res., vol. 4, 2002, pp. 337-343.
[11] Z.R. Khan, M.S. Khan, M. Zulfequar, M. Shahid Khan, “Optical and
structural properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by sol-gel method,”
Materials Sciences and Applications, vol. 2, 2011, pp. 340-345.
[12] Y.S. Kim, W.P. Tai, S.J. Shu, “Effect of Preheating Temperature on
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO thin films by sol-gel process,”
Thin Solid Films, vol. 491, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 153-160.
[13] N. Orhan, M. C. Baykul, “Characterization of size-controlled ZnO
nanorods produced by electrochemical deposition technique,” Solid-
State Electronics, vol. 78, 2012, pp. 147-150.
[14] P. Chand, A. Gaur, A. Kumar, “Structural and optical properties of ZnO
nanoparticles synthesized at different pH values,” J. Alloys and
Compounds, vol. 539, 2012, pp. 174-178.
[15] L. Hannachi, N. Bouarissa, “Band parameters for cadmium and zinc
chalcogenide compounds,” Physica B, vol.404, 2009, pp. 3650–3654.
[16] Y. Akaltun, M.A. Yıldırım, A. Ates, M. Yıldırım, “The relationship
between refractive index-energy gap and the film thickness effect on the
characteristic parameters of CdSe thin films,” Optics Communications,
vol. 284, 2011, pp. 2307–2311.
[17] N. Bouarissa, “Pseudopotential calculations of Cd1-xZnxTe: Energy gaps
and dielectric constants,” Physica B, vol. 399, 2007, pp. 126–131.
[18] F. Mezrag, W.K. Mohamed, N. Bouarissa, “The effect of zinc
concentration upon optical and dielectric properties of Cd1-xZnxSe,”
Physica B, vol. 405, 2010, pp. 2272–2276.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:68378", author = "Prakash Chand and Anurag Gaur and Ashavani Kumar", title = "Effect of Cr and Fe Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructures", abstract = "In the present study, we have synthesized Cr and Fe
doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (Zn1-δCraFebO; where δ = a +
b = 20%, a = 5, 6, 8 & 10% and b = 15, 14, 12 & 10%) via sol-gel
method at different doping concentrations. The synthesized samples
were characterized for structural properties by X-ray diffractrometer
and field emission scanning electron microscope and the optical
properties were carried out through photoluminescence and UVvisible
spectroscopy. The particle size calculated through field
emission scanning electron microscope varies from 41 to 96 nm for
the samples synthesized at different doping concentrations. The
optical band gaps calculated through UV-visible spectroscopy are
found to be decreasing from 3.27 to 3.02 eV as the doping
concentration of Cr increases and Fe decreases.
", keywords = "Nanostructures, Optical Properties, Sol-gel method.", volume = "8", number = "12", pages = "1321-4", }
