Effect of Calcination Temperature and MgO Crystallite Size on MgO/TiO2 Catalyst System for Soybean Transesterification
The effect of calcination temperature and MgO crystallite sizes on the structure and catalytic performance of TiO2 supported nano-MgO catalyst for the trans-esterification of soybean oil has been studied. The catalyst has been prepared by deposition precipitation method, characterised by XRD and FTIR and tested in an autoclave at 225oC. The soybean oil conversion after 15 minutes of the trans-esterification reaction increased when the calcination temperature was increased from 500 to 600oC and decreased with further increase in calcination temperature. Some glycerolysis activity was also detected on catalysts calcined at 600 and 700oC after 45 minutes of reaction. The trans-esterification reaction rate increased with the decrease in MgO crystallite size for the first 30 min.
[1] A. R. Yacob, M. K. A. A. Mustajab and N. S. Samadi, "Calcination Temperature of Nano MgO Effect on Base Transesterification of Palm
Oil," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology., vol. 56,
pp. 408-412, 2009.
[2] J.-P. Rodrigue, C. Comtois, and B. Slack, The geography of transport
systems. New York: Routledge, 2009, ch 1.
[3] D. j. Vujicic, D. Comic, A. Zarubica, R. Micic and G. Boskovic, "Kinetics of biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil over CaO
heterogeneous catalyst," Fuel., vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 2054-2061, August
2010.
[4] B. Yoosuk, P. Krasae, B. Puttasawat, P. Udomsap, N. Viriya-empikul,
and K. Faungnawakij, "Magnesia modified with strontium as a solid
base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein," Chem. Eng. J., vol.
162, no. 1, pp. 58-66, August 2010.
[5] S. Semwal, A. K. Arora, R. P. Badoni, and D. K. Tuli, "Biodiesel
production using heterogeneous catalysts," Biores. Technol., vol. 102,
no. 1, pp. 2155-2161, Dec 2011.
[6] V. K. Díez, C. A. Ferretti, P. A. Torresi, C. R. Apesteguía and J. I. Di
Cosimo, "Effect of the MgO Activation Conditions on its Basicity and
Catalytic Properties," in 22nd North America Catalysis Society, Detriot, 2011, pp 1.
[7] J. M. Montero, P. Gai, K. Wilson and A. F. Lee, "Structure-sensitive
biodiesel synthesis over MgO nanocrystals," Green chemistry., vol. 11,
pp. 265-268, Jan 2009.
[8] J. M. Montero, D. R. Brown, P. L. Gai, A. F. Lee and K. Wilsonc, "In
situ studies of structure-reactivity relations in biodiesel synthesis over
nanocrystalline MgO," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 161, pp. 332-339, Dec 2008.
[9] P. L. Gai, J. M. Montero, A. F. Lee, K. Wilson and E. D. Boyes, "In situ
Aberration Corrected-Transmission Electron Microscopy of Magnesium
Oxide Nanocatalysts for Biodiesels," Catal. Lett., vol. 132, pp. 182-188. July 2009.
[10] D. A. S. Razo, L. Pallavidino, E. Garrone, F. Geobaldo, E. Descrovi, A.
Chiodoni, and F. Giorgis, "A version of Stober synthesis enabling the
facile prediction of silica nanospheres size for the fabrication of opal
photonic crystals," J. Nanopart. Res., vol. 10, pp. 1225-1229, March
2008
[11] K. Jalama, N. J. Coville, D. Hildebrandt, L. L. Jewell, D. Glasser,
"Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Co/TiO2: Effect of ethanol addition,"
Fuel., vol. 86, no. 1-2, pp. 73-80, Jan 2007.
[12] R. Zennaro, M. Tagliabue and C. H. Bartholomew, "Kinetics of fischer-
Tropsch synthesis on titania-supported cobalt," Catal. Today., vol. 58,
no. 4, pp. 309-319, May 2000.
[13] B. Jongsomjit, T. Wongsalee and P. Praserthdam, "Study of Cobalt dispersion on titania consisting various rutile; anatase ratios," Mat.
Chem. Phys., vol 92, no. 2-3, pp. 572-578, August 2005.
[14] G. Gelbard, O. Bres, R. M. Vargas, F. Vielfaure and U. F. Schuchardt,
"1H nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the yield of the
transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol," J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,
vol. 72, no. 10, pp. 1239-1241, 1995.
[15] T. Lopez, E. Sanchez, P. Bosch, Y. Meas and R. Gomez, "FTIR and
UV-Vis (diffuse reflectance) characterization of TiO, sol-gel spectroscopic characterisation of TiO2 Sol-gel," Mat. Chem. Phys., vol.
32, pp. 141-152, April 1992.
[16] C. Li, G. Li and Q. Xin, "FT-IR Spectroscopic Studies of Methane
Adsorption on Magnesium Oxide," J. Phys. Chem., vol. 98, no. 7, pp.
1933-1938, Feb 1994.
[17] N. Nolan, S. Pillai and M. Seery, "Spectroscopic Investigation of the
Anatase-to-Rutile transformation of sol-gel Synthesised TiO2
Photocatalyst," J. Cryst. Phys. Chem., vol. 113, no. 36, pp. 16151-
16157, August 2009.
[18] T. Lopez, J. Hernandez, R. Gomez, X. Bokhimi, J. L. Boldu, E. Munoz,
O. Novaro and A. Garcia-Ruiz, "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2
- MgO Mixed oxides prepared by the Sol-Gel method," Langmuir., vol.
15, pp. 5689-5693, May 1999.
[19] Z. Wen, X. Yu, S-T. Tu, J. Yan and E. Dahlquist, "Biodiesel production
from waste cooking oil catalyzed by TiO2 -MgO mixed oxides," Biores.
Techn., vol. 101, no. 24, pp. 9570-9576, Dec 2010.
[20] Y.-F. Chena, C.-Y. Lee, M.-Y. Yeng and H.-T. Chiu, "The effect of
calcination temperature on the crystallinity of TiO2 nanopowders," J.
Cryst. Growth, vol. 247, no. 3-4, pp. 363-370, Jan 2003.
[21] K. J. A. Raj and B. Viswanathan., "Effect of surface area, pore volume
and particle size of P25 titania on the phase transformation of anatase to rutile," Ind. J. Chem., vol 48A, 2009, pp.1378-1382, Oct 2009.
[22] K. C. Chan, J. F.P., Yu-Guang Li, Wei Guo, Chi-Ming Chan, "Effects of
Calcination on the Microstructures and Photocatalytic Properties of
Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Powders Prepared by Vapor Hydrolysis," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 566-572, Dec 2004.
[23] C. A. Ferretti, S. Fuente, N. Castellani, C. R. Apesteguia and J. I. Di
Cosimo, “Monoglyceride synthesis by glycerolysis of methly oleate on MgO: Catalytic and DFT study of the active site,” Appl. Catal. A:
General., vol. 413-414, pp. 331-322, Jan 2012.
[24] L. Wang and J. Yang, “Transesterification of soybean oil with nano-
MgO or not in supercritical and subcritical methanol,” Fuel., vol. 86, no.
3, pp. 328-333, Feb 2007.
[25] A. Corma, S. Iborra, S. Miquel, and J. Primo, “Catalysts for the
Production of Fine Chemicals,” J. Catal., vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 315-321,
Jan 1998.
[26] A. Corma, S. B. Hamid, S. Iborra, and A. Velty, “Lewis and Brönsted
basic active sites on solid catalysts and their role in the synthesis of
monoglycerides,” J. Catal., vol. 234, no. 2, pp. 340-347, Sept 2005.
[1] A. R. Yacob, M. K. A. A. Mustajab and N. S. Samadi, "Calcination Temperature of Nano MgO Effect on Base Transesterification of Palm
Oil," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology., vol. 56,
pp. 408-412, 2009.
[2] J.-P. Rodrigue, C. Comtois, and B. Slack, The geography of transport
systems. New York: Routledge, 2009, ch 1.
[3] D. j. Vujicic, D. Comic, A. Zarubica, R. Micic and G. Boskovic, "Kinetics of biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil over CaO
heterogeneous catalyst," Fuel., vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 2054-2061, August
2010.
[4] B. Yoosuk, P. Krasae, B. Puttasawat, P. Udomsap, N. Viriya-empikul,
and K. Faungnawakij, "Magnesia modified with strontium as a solid
base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein," Chem. Eng. J., vol.
162, no. 1, pp. 58-66, August 2010.
[5] S. Semwal, A. K. Arora, R. P. Badoni, and D. K. Tuli, "Biodiesel
production using heterogeneous catalysts," Biores. Technol., vol. 102,
no. 1, pp. 2155-2161, Dec 2011.
[6] V. K. Díez, C. A. Ferretti, P. A. Torresi, C. R. Apesteguía and J. I. Di
Cosimo, "Effect of the MgO Activation Conditions on its Basicity and
Catalytic Properties," in 22nd North America Catalysis Society, Detriot, 2011, pp 1.
[7] J. M. Montero, P. Gai, K. Wilson and A. F. Lee, "Structure-sensitive
biodiesel synthesis over MgO nanocrystals," Green chemistry., vol. 11,
pp. 265-268, Jan 2009.
[8] J. M. Montero, D. R. Brown, P. L. Gai, A. F. Lee and K. Wilsonc, "In
situ studies of structure-reactivity relations in biodiesel synthesis over
nanocrystalline MgO," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 161, pp. 332-339, Dec 2008.
[9] P. L. Gai, J. M. Montero, A. F. Lee, K. Wilson and E. D. Boyes, "In situ
Aberration Corrected-Transmission Electron Microscopy of Magnesium
Oxide Nanocatalysts for Biodiesels," Catal. Lett., vol. 132, pp. 182-188. July 2009.
[10] D. A. S. Razo, L. Pallavidino, E. Garrone, F. Geobaldo, E. Descrovi, A.
Chiodoni, and F. Giorgis, "A version of Stober synthesis enabling the
facile prediction of silica nanospheres size for the fabrication of opal
photonic crystals," J. Nanopart. Res., vol. 10, pp. 1225-1229, March
2008
[11] K. Jalama, N. J. Coville, D. Hildebrandt, L. L. Jewell, D. Glasser,
"Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Co/TiO2: Effect of ethanol addition,"
Fuel., vol. 86, no. 1-2, pp. 73-80, Jan 2007.
[12] R. Zennaro, M. Tagliabue and C. H. Bartholomew, "Kinetics of fischer-
Tropsch synthesis on titania-supported cobalt," Catal. Today., vol. 58,
no. 4, pp. 309-319, May 2000.
[13] B. Jongsomjit, T. Wongsalee and P. Praserthdam, "Study of Cobalt dispersion on titania consisting various rutile; anatase ratios," Mat.
Chem. Phys., vol 92, no. 2-3, pp. 572-578, August 2005.
[14] G. Gelbard, O. Bres, R. M. Vargas, F. Vielfaure and U. F. Schuchardt,
"1H nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the yield of the
transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol," J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,
vol. 72, no. 10, pp. 1239-1241, 1995.
[15] T. Lopez, E. Sanchez, P. Bosch, Y. Meas and R. Gomez, "FTIR and
UV-Vis (diffuse reflectance) characterization of TiO, sol-gel spectroscopic characterisation of TiO2 Sol-gel," Mat. Chem. Phys., vol.
32, pp. 141-152, April 1992.
[16] C. Li, G. Li and Q. Xin, "FT-IR Spectroscopic Studies of Methane
Adsorption on Magnesium Oxide," J. Phys. Chem., vol. 98, no. 7, pp.
1933-1938, Feb 1994.
[17] N. Nolan, S. Pillai and M. Seery, "Spectroscopic Investigation of the
Anatase-to-Rutile transformation of sol-gel Synthesised TiO2
Photocatalyst," J. Cryst. Phys. Chem., vol. 113, no. 36, pp. 16151-
16157, August 2009.
[18] T. Lopez, J. Hernandez, R. Gomez, X. Bokhimi, J. L. Boldu, E. Munoz,
O. Novaro and A. Garcia-Ruiz, "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2
- MgO Mixed oxides prepared by the Sol-Gel method," Langmuir., vol.
15, pp. 5689-5693, May 1999.
[19] Z. Wen, X. Yu, S-T. Tu, J. Yan and E. Dahlquist, "Biodiesel production
from waste cooking oil catalyzed by TiO2 -MgO mixed oxides," Biores.
Techn., vol. 101, no. 24, pp. 9570-9576, Dec 2010.
[20] Y.-F. Chena, C.-Y. Lee, M.-Y. Yeng and H.-T. Chiu, "The effect of
calcination temperature on the crystallinity of TiO2 nanopowders," J.
Cryst. Growth, vol. 247, no. 3-4, pp. 363-370, Jan 2003.
[21] K. J. A. Raj and B. Viswanathan., "Effect of surface area, pore volume
and particle size of P25 titania on the phase transformation of anatase to rutile," Ind. J. Chem., vol 48A, 2009, pp.1378-1382, Oct 2009.
[22] K. C. Chan, J. F.P., Yu-Guang Li, Wei Guo, Chi-Ming Chan, "Effects of
Calcination on the Microstructures and Photocatalytic Properties of
Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Powders Prepared by Vapor Hydrolysis," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 566-572, Dec 2004.
[23] C. A. Ferretti, S. Fuente, N. Castellani, C. R. Apesteguia and J. I. Di
Cosimo, “Monoglyceride synthesis by glycerolysis of methly oleate on MgO: Catalytic and DFT study of the active site,” Appl. Catal. A:
General., vol. 413-414, pp. 331-322, Jan 2012.
[24] L. Wang and J. Yang, “Transesterification of soybean oil with nano-
MgO or not in supercritical and subcritical methanol,” Fuel., vol. 86, no.
3, pp. 328-333, Feb 2007.
[25] A. Corma, S. Iborra, S. Miquel, and J. Primo, “Catalysts for the
Production of Fine Chemicals,” J. Catal., vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 315-321,
Jan 1998.
[26] A. Corma, S. B. Hamid, S. Iborra, and A. Velty, “Lewis and Brönsted
basic active sites on solid catalysts and their role in the synthesis of
monoglycerides,” J. Catal., vol. 234, no. 2, pp. 340-347, Sept 2005.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:60759", author = "Liberty L Mguni and Reinout Meijboom and Kalala Jalama", title = "Effect of Calcination Temperature and MgO Crystallite Size on MgO/TiO2 Catalyst System for Soybean Transesterification", abstract = "The effect of calcination temperature and MgO crystallite sizes on the structure and catalytic performance of TiO2 supported nano-MgO catalyst for the trans-esterification of soybean oil has been studied. The catalyst has been prepared by deposition precipitation method, characterised by XRD and FTIR and tested in an autoclave at 225oC. The soybean oil conversion after 15 minutes of the trans-esterification reaction increased when the calcination temperature was increased from 500 to 600oC and decreased with further increase in calcination temperature. Some glycerolysis activity was also detected on catalysts calcined at 600 and 700oC after 45 minutes of reaction. The trans-esterification reaction rate increased with the decrease in MgO crystallite size for the first 30 min.
", keywords = "Calcination temperature, crystallite size, MgO/TiO2, transesterification", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "347-5", }
