Effect of Birks Constant and Defocusing Parameter on Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Parameter in Monte Carlo Simulation-GEANT4
This project concerns with the detection efficiency of the portable Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) at the National Institute of Metrology of Ionizing Radiation (INMRI-ENEA) which allows direct activity measurement and radionuclide standardization for pure-beta emitter or pure electron capture radionuclides. The dependency of the simulated detection efficiency of the TDCR, by using Monte Carlo simulation Geant4 code, on the Birks factor (kB) and defocusing parameter has been examined especially for low energy beta-emitter radionuclides such as 3H and 14C, for which this dependency is relevant. The results achieved in this analysis can be used for selecting the best kB factor and the defocusing parameter for computing theoretical TDCR parameter value. The theoretical results were compared with the available ones, measured by the ENEA TDCR portable detector, for some pure-beta emitter radionuclides. This analysis allowed to improve the knowledge of the characteristics of the ENEA TDCR detector that can be used as a traveling instrument for in-situ measurements with particular benefits in many applications in the field of nuclear medicine and in the nuclear energy industry.
[1] Pochwalski, K., Broda, R., Radoszewski, T., “Standardization of pure beta emitters by liquid scintillation counting”, Appl. Radiat. Isot, vol. 39, p. 165–172., 1988.
[2] M. L’Annunziata, Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, Press, ISBN: 0-12-436603-1., Academic press, 2003, p. Second Edition.
[3] Mo. L, in Standardization of pure β and β−γ emitting radionuclides in various physical forms, Sydney, University of Sydney, 2007, p. Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
[4] Grau Malonda, A. and Coursey, B.M., "Calculation of beta-particle counting efficiency for liquid-scintillation systems with three phototubes," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. vol 39, no. p1191-1196, 1988.
[5] Broda R., Cassette P., Kossert K. “Radionuclide metrology using liquid scintillation counting”, Metrologia, vol. 44, no. S36-S52, (2007).
[6] Mini, G., Pepe, F., Tintori, C., Capogni, M. "A full digital approach to the TDCR method," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 87, no. 166-170, 2014.
[7] Birks, J.B., "Scintillations from Organic Crystals: Specific Fluorescence and Relative Response to Different Radiations," Proc. Phys. Soc. A, vol. 64, no. 874, 1951.
[8] Cassette, P., Broda, R., Hainos, D., Terlikowska, T., "Analysis of detection-efficiency variation techniques for the implementation of the TDCR method in liquid scintillation counting," Appl. Radiat. Isot, vol. vol 52, no. p643-648, 2000.
[9] S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, et al., “Geant4 - a simulation toolkit,” NIMA, vol. vol. 506, no. no. 3, p. pp. 250 – 303, 2003.
[10] J. Allison et al., “Geant4 developments and applications,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. vol. 53, p. pp. 270–278, Feb 2006.
[11] Capogni, M., DeFelice, P. “A prototype of a portable TDCR system at ENEA”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 93, pp. 45-51, 2014.
[12] Xiaolin Hou, 2018. Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 318, 1597–1628(2018).
[13] Cassette, P., Bouchard, J., “The design of a liquid scintillation counter based on the triple to double coincidence method”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth, vol. A 505, p. 72–75, 2003.
[14] Broda R., "A review of the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method for standardizing radionuclides," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. vol 58, pp. p585-594, 2003.
[15] D. Rodrigues, P. Arenillas, M.E. Capoulat, C. Balpardo, "General data analysis code for TDCR liquid scintillation counting," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 66, p. 1049–1054., 2008.
[16] S. Guatelli, D. Cutajar, B. Oborn and A. B. and Rosenfeld, "Introduction to the geant4 simulation toolkit 2011," institutional repository for the University of Wollongong, 2011.
[17] V. N. Ivanchenko, M. Maire and L. Urban, “Geant4 standard electromagnetic package for HEP applications,”, in in Proc. Conf. Rec. 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Rome, Italy, N33-165 (2004).
[18] Thiam, C., Bobin, C., Chauvenet, B., Bouchard, J., “Application of TDCR-Geant4 modeling to standardization of 63 Ni”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 70, pp. 2195-2199., 2012.
[19] Hamamatsu photonics. K.K., "Photomultiplier tubes and assemblies for scintillation counting and high energy physics," (Online). Available: https://seltokphotonics.com/upload/iblock/310/310a7014996a49206f14ede96e70a917.pdf. (Accessed 24 05 2021).
[20] LNE.-LNHB/CEA, "Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB)," (Online). Available: http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/H-3_tables.pdf. (Accessed 22 10 2020).
[21] LNE-LNHB/CEA, "Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB)," (Online). Available: http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/C-14_tables.pdf. (Accessed 22 10 2020).
[22] LNE-LNHB/CEA, "Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB)," (Online). Available: http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/Y-90_tables.pdf. (Accessed 22 10 2020).
[1] Pochwalski, K., Broda, R., Radoszewski, T., “Standardization of pure beta emitters by liquid scintillation counting”, Appl. Radiat. Isot, vol. 39, p. 165–172., 1988.
[2] M. L’Annunziata, Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, Press, ISBN: 0-12-436603-1., Academic press, 2003, p. Second Edition.
[3] Mo. L, in Standardization of pure β and β−γ emitting radionuclides in various physical forms, Sydney, University of Sydney, 2007, p. Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
[4] Grau Malonda, A. and Coursey, B.M., "Calculation of beta-particle counting efficiency for liquid-scintillation systems with three phototubes," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. vol 39, no. p1191-1196, 1988.
[5] Broda R., Cassette P., Kossert K. “Radionuclide metrology using liquid scintillation counting”, Metrologia, vol. 44, no. S36-S52, (2007).
[6] Mini, G., Pepe, F., Tintori, C., Capogni, M. "A full digital approach to the TDCR method," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 87, no. 166-170, 2014.
[7] Birks, J.B., "Scintillations from Organic Crystals: Specific Fluorescence and Relative Response to Different Radiations," Proc. Phys. Soc. A, vol. 64, no. 874, 1951.
[8] Cassette, P., Broda, R., Hainos, D., Terlikowska, T., "Analysis of detection-efficiency variation techniques for the implementation of the TDCR method in liquid scintillation counting," Appl. Radiat. Isot, vol. vol 52, no. p643-648, 2000.
[9] S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, et al., “Geant4 - a simulation toolkit,” NIMA, vol. vol. 506, no. no. 3, p. pp. 250 – 303, 2003.
[10] J. Allison et al., “Geant4 developments and applications,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. vol. 53, p. pp. 270–278, Feb 2006.
[11] Capogni, M., DeFelice, P. “A prototype of a portable TDCR system at ENEA”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 93, pp. 45-51, 2014.
[12] Xiaolin Hou, 2018. Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 318, 1597–1628(2018).
[13] Cassette, P., Bouchard, J., “The design of a liquid scintillation counter based on the triple to double coincidence method”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth, vol. A 505, p. 72–75, 2003.
[14] Broda R., "A review of the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method for standardizing radionuclides," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. vol 58, pp. p585-594, 2003.
[15] D. Rodrigues, P. Arenillas, M.E. Capoulat, C. Balpardo, "General data analysis code for TDCR liquid scintillation counting," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 66, p. 1049–1054., 2008.
[16] S. Guatelli, D. Cutajar, B. Oborn and A. B. and Rosenfeld, "Introduction to the geant4 simulation toolkit 2011," institutional repository for the University of Wollongong, 2011.
[17] V. N. Ivanchenko, M. Maire and L. Urban, “Geant4 standard electromagnetic package for HEP applications,”, in in Proc. Conf. Rec. 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Rome, Italy, N33-165 (2004).
[18] Thiam, C., Bobin, C., Chauvenet, B., Bouchard, J., “Application of TDCR-Geant4 modeling to standardization of 63 Ni”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 70, pp. 2195-2199., 2012.
[19] Hamamatsu photonics. K.K., "Photomultiplier tubes and assemblies for scintillation counting and high energy physics," (Online). Available: https://seltokphotonics.com/upload/iblock/310/310a7014996a49206f14ede96e70a917.pdf. (Accessed 24 05 2021).
[20] LNE.-LNHB/CEA, "Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB)," (Online). Available: http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/H-3_tables.pdf. (Accessed 22 10 2020).
[21] LNE-LNHB/CEA, "Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB)," (Online). Available: http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/C-14_tables.pdf. (Accessed 22 10 2020).
[22] LNE-LNHB/CEA, "Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB)," (Online). Available: http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/Y-90_tables.pdf. (Accessed 22 10 2020).
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:80456", author = "F. Abubaker and F. Tortorici and M. Capogni and C. Sutera and V. Bellini", title = "Effect of Birks Constant and Defocusing Parameter on Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Parameter in Monte Carlo Simulation-GEANT4", abstract = "This project concerns with the detection efficiency of the portable Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) at the National Institute of Metrology of Ionizing Radiation (INMRI-ENEA) which allows direct activity measurement and radionuclide standardization for pure-beta emitter or pure electron capture radionuclides. The dependency of the simulated detection efficiency of the TDCR, by using Monte Carlo simulation Geant4 code, on the Birks factor (kB) and defocusing parameter has been examined especially for low energy beta-emitter radionuclides such as 3H and 14C, for which this dependency is relevant. The results achieved in this analysis can be used for selecting the best kB factor and the defocusing parameter for computing theoretical TDCR parameter value. The theoretical results were compared with the available ones, measured by the ENEA TDCR portable detector, for some pure-beta emitter radionuclides. This analysis allowed to improve the knowledge of the characteristics of the ENEA TDCR detector that can be used as a traveling instrument for in-situ measurements with particular benefits in many applications in the field of nuclear medicine and in the nuclear energy industry.", keywords = "Birks constant, defocusing parameter, GEANT4 code, TDCR parameter.", volume = "15", number = "8", pages = "103-7", }
