Effect of Bacillus subtilis Pb6 on Growth and Gut Microflora in Clostridium perfringens Challenged Broilers
The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) as a probiotic in broilers. The corn-soybean based diet was divided into four treatment groups; T1 (basal diet with no probiotic and no Clostridium perfringens); T2 (basal diet challenged with C. perfringens without probiotic); T3 (basal diet challenged with C. perfringens having 0.05% probiotic); T4 (basal diet challenged with C. perfringens having 0.1% probiotic). Every treatment group had four replicates with 24 birds each. Body weight and feed intake were measured on weekly basis, while ileal bacterial count was recorded on day-28 following Clostridiumperfringens challenge. The 0.1% probiotic treatment showed 7.2% increase in average feed intake (P=0.05) and 8% increase in body weight compared to T2. In 0.1% treatment body weight was 5% higher than T3 (P=0.02). It was also observed that 0.1% treatment had improved feed conversion ratio (1.77) on 6th week. No effect of treatment was observed on mortality and ileal bacterial count. The current study indicated that 0.1% use of probiotic had positive response in C. perfringens challenged broilers.
[1] T. Netherwood, H. J. Gilbert, D. S. Parker, and A. G. O’Donnell, “Probiotics shown to change bacterial community structure in the avian gastrointestinal tract”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. vol. 65, Nov. 1999, pp. 5134–5138.
[2] F. Van Immerseel, J. De Buck, F. Pasmans, G. Huyghebaert, F. Haesebrouck, and R. Ducatelle, “Clostridium perfringensin poultry: an emerging threat for animal and public health”, Avian Pathol., vol. 33, Dec. 2004, pp. 537-549.
[3] J. Patterson, and K. Burkholder, 2003. “Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production”, Poult. Sci., vol. 82, Apr. 2003, pp. 627-631.
[4] R. W. Jack, J. R. Tagg, and B. Ray, “Bacteriocins of gram positive bacteria. Microbiol. Rev., vol. 59, Jun. 1995, pp. 171-200.
[5] A. L. Teo, and H. M. Tan, 2006. “Effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) on broilers infected with a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli”, J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 15, Summer 2006, pp.229-235.
[6] M. R. Spinosa, T. Braccini, E. Ricca, M. De Felice, L. Morelli, G. Pozzi, and M. R. Oggioni, “On the fate of ingested Bacillus spores”, Res. Microbiol., Vol. 151, Jun. 2000, pp.361– 368.
[7] A. L. Teo, and H. M. Tan, “Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by a novel strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 71, Aug. 2005, pp. 4185–4190.
[8] A. Y. Teo, and H.M. Tan, “Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut microflora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT)”, J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 16, Summer 2007, pp. 296-303.
[9] A. M. Abudabos, A. H. Alyemni, and M. B. A. Al Marshad, “Bacillus subtilis PB6 based-probiotic (CloSTATTM) improves intestinal morphology and microbiological status of broiler chickens under Clostridium perfringens challenge”, Int. J. Agric. Biol., vol. 15, Mar, 2013, pp. 978–982.
[10] S. Jayaraman, G. Thangavel, H. Kurian, R. Mani, R. Mukkalil, and H. Chirakkal, “Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis”, Poult. Sci., vol. 92, Feb 2013, pp.370-374.
[11] A. R. Gholamiandehkordi, L. Timbermont, A. Lanckriet, W.V.D. Broeck, K.Pedersen, J. Dewulf, F. Pasmans, J.L. Grimes, S. Rahimi, E. Oviedo,B.W. Sheldon, and F.B.O. Santos, “Effects of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on turkey poult performance and susceptibility to oral salmonella challenge” Poult. Sci., vol. 87, Jul. 2008, pp. 1464–1470.
[12] S. Sen,S. Ingale, Y. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, J. Lohakare , E. H. Kim E, Kim , M. Ryu , and I. Kwon I, “Effect of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 to broiler diets on growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microbiology and small intestinal morphology”, Res.Vet. Sci., vol. 93, Aug. 2012, pp. 264-268.
[13] B. Mohan, R. Kadirvel, A. Natarajan, and M. Bhaskaran, “Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers”, Br. Poult. Sci., vol. 37, May 1996, pp. 395-401.
[14] C. Fritts, J. Kersey, M. Motl, E. Kroger, F. Yan, J. Si, Q. Jiang, M. Campos, A. Waldrou, and P. Waldroup, “Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin) improves live performance and microbiological status of broiler chickens”, J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 9, Summer 2000, pp. 149-155.
[15] T. Melegy, N. F. Khaled, R. El-Bana, and H. Abdellatif, “Effect of Dietary Supplementation Bacillus subtilis PB6(CLOSTATTM) on Performance, Immunity, Gut Health and Carcass Traits in Broilers”, J. Amer. Sci., vol. 7, Dec. 2001, pp. 891-898.
[16] A. Khaksefidi, and T. Ghoorchi, “Effect of probiotic on performance and immunocompetence in broiler chicks”, J. Poult. Sci., vol. 43, Aug. 2006, pp. 296-300.
[17] R. M. La Ragione, and M. J. Woodward, “Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens”. Vet. Microbiol. vol. 94, Jul. 2003, pp. 245-256.
[18] K. Maruta, H. Miyazak, S. Masuda, M. Takahashi, T. Marubashi, Y. Tadano, and H. Takahashi, “Exclusion of intestinal pathogens by continuous feeding with Bacillus subtilis C-3102, and its influence on the intestinal microflora in broilers”, Anim. Sci. Technol., vol. 67, Mar. 1996, pp. 273-280.
[1] T. Netherwood, H. J. Gilbert, D. S. Parker, and A. G. O’Donnell, “Probiotics shown to change bacterial community structure in the avian gastrointestinal tract”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. vol. 65, Nov. 1999, pp. 5134–5138.
[2] F. Van Immerseel, J. De Buck, F. Pasmans, G. Huyghebaert, F. Haesebrouck, and R. Ducatelle, “Clostridium perfringensin poultry: an emerging threat for animal and public health”, Avian Pathol., vol. 33, Dec. 2004, pp. 537-549.
[3] J. Patterson, and K. Burkholder, 2003. “Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production”, Poult. Sci., vol. 82, Apr. 2003, pp. 627-631.
[4] R. W. Jack, J. R. Tagg, and B. Ray, “Bacteriocins of gram positive bacteria. Microbiol. Rev., vol. 59, Jun. 1995, pp. 171-200.
[5] A. L. Teo, and H. M. Tan, 2006. “Effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) on broilers infected with a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli”, J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 15, Summer 2006, pp.229-235.
[6] M. R. Spinosa, T. Braccini, E. Ricca, M. De Felice, L. Morelli, G. Pozzi, and M. R. Oggioni, “On the fate of ingested Bacillus spores”, Res. Microbiol., Vol. 151, Jun. 2000, pp.361– 368.
[7] A. L. Teo, and H. M. Tan, “Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by a novel strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 71, Aug. 2005, pp. 4185–4190.
[8] A. Y. Teo, and H.M. Tan, “Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut microflora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT)”, J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 16, Summer 2007, pp. 296-303.
[9] A. M. Abudabos, A. H. Alyemni, and M. B. A. Al Marshad, “Bacillus subtilis PB6 based-probiotic (CloSTATTM) improves intestinal morphology and microbiological status of broiler chickens under Clostridium perfringens challenge”, Int. J. Agric. Biol., vol. 15, Mar, 2013, pp. 978–982.
[10] S. Jayaraman, G. Thangavel, H. Kurian, R. Mani, R. Mukkalil, and H. Chirakkal, “Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis”, Poult. Sci., vol. 92, Feb 2013, pp.370-374.
[11] A. R. Gholamiandehkordi, L. Timbermont, A. Lanckriet, W.V.D. Broeck, K.Pedersen, J. Dewulf, F. Pasmans, J.L. Grimes, S. Rahimi, E. Oviedo,B.W. Sheldon, and F.B.O. Santos, “Effects of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on turkey poult performance and susceptibility to oral salmonella challenge” Poult. Sci., vol. 87, Jul. 2008, pp. 1464–1470.
[12] S. Sen,S. Ingale, Y. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, J. Lohakare , E. H. Kim E, Kim , M. Ryu , and I. Kwon I, “Effect of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 to broiler diets on growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microbiology and small intestinal morphology”, Res.Vet. Sci., vol. 93, Aug. 2012, pp. 264-268.
[13] B. Mohan, R. Kadirvel, A. Natarajan, and M. Bhaskaran, “Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers”, Br. Poult. Sci., vol. 37, May 1996, pp. 395-401.
[14] C. Fritts, J. Kersey, M. Motl, E. Kroger, F. Yan, J. Si, Q. Jiang, M. Campos, A. Waldrou, and P. Waldroup, “Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin) improves live performance and microbiological status of broiler chickens”, J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 9, Summer 2000, pp. 149-155.
[15] T. Melegy, N. F. Khaled, R. El-Bana, and H. Abdellatif, “Effect of Dietary Supplementation Bacillus subtilis PB6(CLOSTATTM) on Performance, Immunity, Gut Health and Carcass Traits in Broilers”, J. Amer. Sci., vol. 7, Dec. 2001, pp. 891-898.
[16] A. Khaksefidi, and T. Ghoorchi, “Effect of probiotic on performance and immunocompetence in broiler chicks”, J. Poult. Sci., vol. 43, Aug. 2006, pp. 296-300.
[17] R. M. La Ragione, and M. J. Woodward, “Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens”. Vet. Microbiol. vol. 94, Jul. 2003, pp. 245-256.
[18] K. Maruta, H. Miyazak, S. Masuda, M. Takahashi, T. Marubashi, Y. Tadano, and H. Takahashi, “Exclusion of intestinal pathogens by continuous feeding with Bacillus subtilis C-3102, and its influence on the intestinal microflora in broilers”, Anim. Sci. Technol., vol. 67, Mar. 1996, pp. 273-280.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:75678", author = "A. Khalique and T. Naseem and N. Haque and Z. Rasool", title = "Effect of Bacillus subtilis Pb6 on Growth and Gut Microflora in Clostridium perfringens Challenged Broilers", abstract = "The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) as a probiotic in broilers. The corn-soybean based diet was divided into four treatment groups; T1 (basal diet with no probiotic and no Clostridium perfringens); T2 (basal diet challenged with C. perfringens without probiotic); T3 (basal diet challenged with C. perfringens having 0.05% probiotic); T4 (basal diet challenged with C. perfringens having 0.1% probiotic). Every treatment group had four replicates with 24 birds each. Body weight and feed intake were measured on weekly basis, while ileal bacterial count was recorded on day-28 following Clostridium perfringens challenge. The 0.1% probiotic treatment showed 7.2% increase in average feed intake (P=0.05) and 8% increase in body weight compared to T2. In 0.1% treatment body weight was 5% higher than T3 (P=0.02). It was also observed that 0.1% treatment had improved feed conversion ratio (1.77) on 6th week. No effect of treatment was observed on mortality and ileal bacterial count. The current study indicated that 0.1% use of probiotic had positive response in C. perfringens challenged broilers.
", keywords = "Bacillus subtilis PB6, antibiotic growth promoters, Clostridium perfringens, CloSTAT, broilers.", volume = "10", number = "11", pages = "763-4", }
