Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content and Lifting Frequency on the Participant’s Lifting Capabilities, Muscle Activities, and Perceived Exertion
The aim of this study is to assesses the lifting capabilities of persons experiencing hypoxia. It also examines the behavior of the physiological response induced through the lifting process related to changing in the hypoxia and lifting frequency variables. For this purpose, the study performed two consecutive tests by using; (1) training and acclimatization; and (2) an actual collection of data. A total of 10 male students from King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were recruited in the study. A two-way repeated measures design, with two independent variables (ambient oxygen (15%, 18% and 21%)) and lifting frequency (1 lift/min and 4 lifts/min) and four dependent variables i.e., maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), Electromyography (EMG) of four muscle groups (anterior deltoid, trapezius, biceps brachii, and erector spinae), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and rating of oxygen feeling (ROF) were used in this study. The results show that lifting frequency has significantly impacted the MAWL and muscles’ activities. The oxygen content had a significant effect on the RPE and ROE. The study has revealed that acclimatization and training sessions significantly reduce the effect of the hypoxia on the human physiological parameters during the manual materials handling tasks.
[1] Ciriello, V.M., 2005. The effects of box size, vertical distance, and height on lowering tasks for female industrial workers. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 35 (9), 857-863. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2005.03.003.
[2] Eurofound, 2010. Changes over Time e First Findings from the Fifth. European Working Conditions Survey. http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ sites/default/ files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1074en_0.pdf.
[3] Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 2004. Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index. Available online at: http://www. libertymutualgroup.com/omapps/ContentServer?pagename= LMGroup/ Views/ LMG&ft=1&fid=1138366284077#2004.
[4] NIOSH, 1981. Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Technical report DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 82-122.
[5] Ayoub, M.M., Mital, A., 1989. Manual Materials Handling. Taylor & Francis, London, England..
[6] Riihimaki, H., 1991. Low-back pain, its origin and risk indicators. Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health 17 (2), 81-90.
[7] Skovron, M.L., 1992. Epidemiology of low back pain. Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol. 6 (3), 559e573
[8] Mirka, G.A., Marras, W.S., 1993. A stochastic model of trunk muscle coactivation during trunk bending. Spine 18 (11), 1396 -1409.
[9] Burdorf, A., Sorock, G., 1997. Positive and negative evidence of risk factors for back disorders. Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health 23 (4), 243-256.
[10] Xiao, G.-B., Dempsey, P.G., Lei, L., Ma, Z.-H., Liang, Y.-X., 2004. Study on musculoskeletal disorders in a machinery manufacturing plant. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46 (4), 341-346.
[11] Gore, M., Sadosky, A., Stacey, B., Tai, K., Leslie, D., 2012. The burden of chronic low back clinical comorbidities, treatment patterns and health care costs in usual care settings. Spine 37 (11), E668-E677
[12] Waters, T.R., Putz-Anderson, V., Garg, A., 1994. Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. U.S. DHHS (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio. Publication No. 94-110.
[13] Ferguson, S.A., Marras, W.S., Lavender, S.A., Splittstoesser, R.E., Yang, G., 2014. Are wworkers who leave a job exposed to similar physical demands as workers who develop clinically meaningful declines in low-back function? Human Factors. J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 56 (1), 58-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0018720813493116.
[14] Hafez, H.A., 1984. Manual Lifting Under Hot Environmental Conditions (Ph.D. dissertation). Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
[15] Hafez, H.A., Ayoub, M.M., 1991. A psychophysical study of manual lifting in hot environments. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 7 (4), 303-309.
[16] Snook, S.H., Ciriello, V.M., 1974. The effects of heat stress on manual handling tasks. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 35 (11), 681-685.
[17] Ramadan, M.Z., 1988. Effects of Task and Environment-related Variables on Individuals' Lifting Capabilities while Wearing Protective Clothing (Ph.D. dissertation). West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
[18] Harkness, E.F., Macfarlane, G.J., Nahit, E.S., Silman, A.J., Mcbeth, J., 2004. Risk factors for new-onset low back pain amongst cohorts of newly employed workers. Rheumatol. (Oxf.) 42 (8), 959-968.
[19] Powell, S., Davies, A., Bunn, J., Bethea, D., 2005. Health & safety executive (HSE), RR 337. In: The Effects of Thermal Environments on the Risks Associated with Manual Handling. The Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire, ISBN 07176 29953. HSE BOOKS. http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/ rr337.pdf.
[20] Al-Ashaik, R. A., Ramadan, M. Z., Al-Saleh, K. S., & Khalaf, T. M. , 2015. Effect of safety shoes type, lifting frequency, and ambient temperature on subject's MAWL and physiological responses. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 50, 43-51.
[21] Health & Safety Executive (HSE), 2003. Manual Handling Assessment Charts. UK. www.hse.gov.uk/msd/mac.
[22] Liang, C., Zheng, G., Zhu, N., Tian, Z., Lu, S., Chen, Y., 2011. A new environmental heat stress index for indoor hot and humid environments based on cox regression. Build. Environ. 46 (12), 2472-2479.
[23] Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B., 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika 52 (3 and 4), 591-611.
[24] SENIAM 5, 1997. The state of the art on sensors and sensor placement procedures for surface ElectroMyoGraphy: a proposal for sensor placement procedures, deliverable of the SENIAM project. In: Hermens, H.J., Freriks, B. (Eds.), Roessingh Research and Development, ISBN 90-75452-09-8.
[25] Vollestad, N.K., Sejersted, O.M., Bahr, R., Woods, J.J., Bigland-Ritchie, B., 1988. Motordrive and metabolic responses during repeated sub-maximal contractions in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 64 (4), 1421-1427.
[26] Chen, F., Aghazadeh, F., Lee, K.S., 1992. Prediction of the maximum acceptable weight of symmetrical and asymmetrical lift using direct estimation method. Ergonomics 35, 755-768,http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/00140139208967361
[27] Ghaleb, A. M., Ramadan, M. Z., Badwelan, A., & Saad Aljaloud, K., 2019. Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Subject’s MAWL and Physiological Responses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(21), 4172.
[28] Mital, A., 1984. Maximum weights of lift acceptable to male and female industrial workers for extended work shifts. Ergonomics 27, 1115e1126,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0014013840896359.
[1] Ciriello, V.M., 2005. The effects of box size, vertical distance, and height on lowering tasks for female industrial workers. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 35 (9), 857-863. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2005.03.003.
[2] Eurofound, 2010. Changes over Time e First Findings from the Fifth. European Working Conditions Survey. http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ sites/default/ files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1074en_0.pdf.
[3] Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 2004. Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index. Available online at: http://www. libertymutualgroup.com/omapps/ContentServer?pagename= LMGroup/ Views/ LMG&ft=1&fid=1138366284077#2004.
[4] NIOSH, 1981. Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Technical report DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 82-122.
[5] Ayoub, M.M., Mital, A., 1989. Manual Materials Handling. Taylor & Francis, London, England..
[6] Riihimaki, H., 1991. Low-back pain, its origin and risk indicators. Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health 17 (2), 81-90.
[7] Skovron, M.L., 1992. Epidemiology of low back pain. Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol. 6 (3), 559e573
[8] Mirka, G.A., Marras, W.S., 1993. A stochastic model of trunk muscle coactivation during trunk bending. Spine 18 (11), 1396 -1409.
[9] Burdorf, A., Sorock, G., 1997. Positive and negative evidence of risk factors for back disorders. Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health 23 (4), 243-256.
[10] Xiao, G.-B., Dempsey, P.G., Lei, L., Ma, Z.-H., Liang, Y.-X., 2004. Study on musculoskeletal disorders in a machinery manufacturing plant. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46 (4), 341-346.
[11] Gore, M., Sadosky, A., Stacey, B., Tai, K., Leslie, D., 2012. The burden of chronic low back clinical comorbidities, treatment patterns and health care costs in usual care settings. Spine 37 (11), E668-E677
[12] Waters, T.R., Putz-Anderson, V., Garg, A., 1994. Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. U.S. DHHS (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio. Publication No. 94-110.
[13] Ferguson, S.A., Marras, W.S., Lavender, S.A., Splittstoesser, R.E., Yang, G., 2014. Are wworkers who leave a job exposed to similar physical demands as workers who develop clinically meaningful declines in low-back function? Human Factors. J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 56 (1), 58-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0018720813493116.
[14] Hafez, H.A., 1984. Manual Lifting Under Hot Environmental Conditions (Ph.D. dissertation). Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
[15] Hafez, H.A., Ayoub, M.M., 1991. A psychophysical study of manual lifting in hot environments. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 7 (4), 303-309.
[16] Snook, S.H., Ciriello, V.M., 1974. The effects of heat stress on manual handling tasks. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 35 (11), 681-685.
[17] Ramadan, M.Z., 1988. Effects of Task and Environment-related Variables on Individuals' Lifting Capabilities while Wearing Protective Clothing (Ph.D. dissertation). West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
[18] Harkness, E.F., Macfarlane, G.J., Nahit, E.S., Silman, A.J., Mcbeth, J., 2004. Risk factors for new-onset low back pain amongst cohorts of newly employed workers. Rheumatol. (Oxf.) 42 (8), 959-968.
[19] Powell, S., Davies, A., Bunn, J., Bethea, D., 2005. Health & safety executive (HSE), RR 337. In: The Effects of Thermal Environments on the Risks Associated with Manual Handling. The Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire, ISBN 07176 29953. HSE BOOKS. http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/ rr337.pdf.
[20] Al-Ashaik, R. A., Ramadan, M. Z., Al-Saleh, K. S., & Khalaf, T. M. , 2015. Effect of safety shoes type, lifting frequency, and ambient temperature on subject's MAWL and physiological responses. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 50, 43-51.
[21] Health & Safety Executive (HSE), 2003. Manual Handling Assessment Charts. UK. www.hse.gov.uk/msd/mac.
[22] Liang, C., Zheng, G., Zhu, N., Tian, Z., Lu, S., Chen, Y., 2011. A new environmental heat stress index for indoor hot and humid environments based on cox regression. Build. Environ. 46 (12), 2472-2479.
[23] Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B., 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika 52 (3 and 4), 591-611.
[24] SENIAM 5, 1997. The state of the art on sensors and sensor placement procedures for surface ElectroMyoGraphy: a proposal for sensor placement procedures, deliverable of the SENIAM project. In: Hermens, H.J., Freriks, B. (Eds.), Roessingh Research and Development, ISBN 90-75452-09-8.
[25] Vollestad, N.K., Sejersted, O.M., Bahr, R., Woods, J.J., Bigland-Ritchie, B., 1988. Motordrive and metabolic responses during repeated sub-maximal contractions in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 64 (4), 1421-1427.
[26] Chen, F., Aghazadeh, F., Lee, K.S., 1992. Prediction of the maximum acceptable weight of symmetrical and asymmetrical lift using direct estimation method. Ergonomics 35, 755-768,http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/00140139208967361
[27] Ghaleb, A. M., Ramadan, M. Z., Badwelan, A., & Saad Aljaloud, K., 2019. Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Subject’s MAWL and Physiological Responses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(21), 4172.
[28] Mital, A., 1984. Maximum weights of lift acceptable to male and female industrial workers for extended work shifts. Ergonomics 27, 1115e1126,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0014013840896359.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:79330", author = "Atef M. Ghaleb and Mohamed Z. Ramadan and Khalid Saad Aljaloud", title = "Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content and Lifting Frequency on the Participant’s Lifting Capabilities, Muscle Activities, and Perceived Exertion ", abstract = "The aim of this study is to assesses the lifting capabilities of persons experiencing hypoxia. It also examines the behavior of the physiological response induced through the lifting process related to changing in the hypoxia and lifting frequency variables. For this purpose, the study performed two consecutive tests by using; (1) training and acclimatization; and (2) an actual collection of data. A total of 10 male students from King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were recruited in the study. A two-way repeated measures design, with two independent variables (ambient oxygen (15%, 18% and 21%)) and lifting frequency (1 lift/min and 4 lifts/min) and four dependent variables i.e., maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), Electromyography (EMG) of four muscle groups (anterior deltoid, trapezius, biceps brachii, and erector spinae), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and rating of oxygen feeling (ROF) were used in this study. The results show that lifting frequency has significantly impacted the MAWL and muscles’ activities. The oxygen content had a significant effect on the RPE and ROE. The study has revealed that acclimatization and training sessions significantly reduce the effect of the hypoxia on the human physiological parameters during the manual materials handling tasks.
", keywords = "Lifting capabilities, muscle activities (sEMG), oxygen content, perceived exertion.", volume = "13", number = "12", pages = "508-5", }
