Ecological Risk Assessment of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the North Port, Malaysia
The pollution of sediments sampled from the North
Port by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated.
Concentrations of PAHs estimated in the port sediments ranged from
199 to 2851.2 μg/kg dw. The highest concentration was found which
is closed to the Berth line, this locations affected by intensive
shipping activities and Land based runoff and they were dominated
by the high molecular weight PAHs (4–6- rings). Source
identification showed that PAHs originated mostly from the
pyrogenic source either from the combustion of fossil fuels, grass,
wood and coal (majority of the samples). Ecological Risk Assessment
on the port sediments presented that slightly adverse ecological
effects to biological community are expected to occur at the vicinity
of the stations 1 and 4. Thus PAHs are not considered as pollutants of
concern in the North Port.
[1] Neff, J.M., S.A. Stout, and D.G. Gunster, Ecological risk assessment of
PAHs in sediments. Identifying sources and toxicity.Integr. Environ.
Assess. Manage, 2005. 1(1): p. 22-33.
[2] Khairy, M.A., et al., Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin affected by
human activities (Abu Qir Bay, Egypt). Journal of hazardous materials,
2009. 170(1): p. 389-397.
[3] Sakaria, M., et al., The History of Petroleum Pollution in Malaysia;
Urgent Need for Integrated Prevention Approach. 2011.
[4] Neff, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment.
Sources, fates and biological effects1979.
[5] Chong , V.C., et al., The fish and prawn communities of a Malaysian
coastal mangrove system. With comparisons to adjacent mudflats and
inshore waters. Est Coasta Shelf Science, 1990(31): p. 703-722.
[6] Rauret, G., Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals
in contaminated soil and sediment. Talanta, 1998. 46(3): p. 449-455.
[7] Tessier, A., P.G.C. Campbell, and M. Bisson, Sequential extraction
procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical
chemistry, 1979. 51(7): p. 844-851.
[8] Fang, T.H. and E. Hong, Mechanisms influencing the spatial distribution
of trace metals in surficial sediments off the south-western Taiwan. .
Marine pollution bulletin,, 1999. 38(11): p. 1026-1037.
[9] Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg, and A.D. Eaton, Standard methods for
the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC, 1998.
[10] USEPA, U.S. EPA Method 8270 for multicomponent analyte
determination.
[11] Wang, C., et al., Sources and distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, China.
Applied Geochemistry, 2011.
[12] Caeiro, S., et al., Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sado Estuary
sediment: An index analysis approach. Ecological Indicators, 2005. 5(2):
p. 151-169.
[13] H├╝bner, R., K.B. Astin, and R.J.H. Herbert, Comparison of sediment
quality guidelines (SQGs) for the assessment of metal contamination in
marine and estuarine environments. J. Environ. Monit., 2009. 11(4): p.
713-722.
[14] Long, E.R. and L.G. Morgan, The Potential for Biological Effects of
Sediments-Sorbed Contaminants Tested in the National Status and
Trends Program, 1990, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Admininistration.
[15] Long, E.R., et al., Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges
of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments.
Environmental management, 1995. 19(1): p. 81-97.
[16] Liu, A., et al., Ecological risk analysis of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from Laizhou Bay.
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2009. 159(1): p. 429-436.
[17] AlvarezÔÇÉGuerra, M., et al., Sediment quality assessment and dredged
material management in Spain: Part I, application of sediment quality
guidelines in the Bay of Santander. Integrated Environmental
Assessment and Management, 2007. 3(4): p. 529-538.
[18] Leorri, E., et al., Geochemical and microfaunal proxies to assess
environmental quality conditions during the recovery process of a
heavily polluted estuary: The Bilbao estuary case (N. Spain). Science of
the total environment, 2008. 396(1): p. 12-27.
[19] Vallejuelo, et al., Risk assessment of trace elements in sediments: The
case of the estuary of the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal River (Basque Country).
Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010. 181: p. 565-573.
[20] World Health Organization (WHO), IARC Monographs, vol. 46,
InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 1989: p. 41-
155.
[1] Neff, J.M., S.A. Stout, and D.G. Gunster, Ecological risk assessment of
PAHs in sediments. Identifying sources and toxicity.Integr. Environ.
Assess. Manage, 2005. 1(1): p. 22-33.
[2] Khairy, M.A., et al., Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin affected by
human activities (Abu Qir Bay, Egypt). Journal of hazardous materials,
2009. 170(1): p. 389-397.
[3] Sakaria, M., et al., The History of Petroleum Pollution in Malaysia;
Urgent Need for Integrated Prevention Approach. 2011.
[4] Neff, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment.
Sources, fates and biological effects1979.
[5] Chong , V.C., et al., The fish and prawn communities of a Malaysian
coastal mangrove system. With comparisons to adjacent mudflats and
inshore waters. Est Coasta Shelf Science, 1990(31): p. 703-722.
[6] Rauret, G., Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals
in contaminated soil and sediment. Talanta, 1998. 46(3): p. 449-455.
[7] Tessier, A., P.G.C. Campbell, and M. Bisson, Sequential extraction
procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical
chemistry, 1979. 51(7): p. 844-851.
[8] Fang, T.H. and E. Hong, Mechanisms influencing the spatial distribution
of trace metals in surficial sediments off the south-western Taiwan. .
Marine pollution bulletin,, 1999. 38(11): p. 1026-1037.
[9] Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg, and A.D. Eaton, Standard methods for
the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC, 1998.
[10] USEPA, U.S. EPA Method 8270 for multicomponent analyte
determination.
[11] Wang, C., et al., Sources and distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, China.
Applied Geochemistry, 2011.
[12] Caeiro, S., et al., Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sado Estuary
sediment: An index analysis approach. Ecological Indicators, 2005. 5(2):
p. 151-169.
[13] H├╝bner, R., K.B. Astin, and R.J.H. Herbert, Comparison of sediment
quality guidelines (SQGs) for the assessment of metal contamination in
marine and estuarine environments. J. Environ. Monit., 2009. 11(4): p.
713-722.
[14] Long, E.R. and L.G. Morgan, The Potential for Biological Effects of
Sediments-Sorbed Contaminants Tested in the National Status and
Trends Program, 1990, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Admininistration.
[15] Long, E.R., et al., Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges
of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments.
Environmental management, 1995. 19(1): p. 81-97.
[16] Liu, A., et al., Ecological risk analysis of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from Laizhou Bay.
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2009. 159(1): p. 429-436.
[17] AlvarezÔÇÉGuerra, M., et al., Sediment quality assessment and dredged
material management in Spain: Part I, application of sediment quality
guidelines in the Bay of Santander. Integrated Environmental
Assessment and Management, 2007. 3(4): p. 529-538.
[18] Leorri, E., et al., Geochemical and microfaunal proxies to assess
environmental quality conditions during the recovery process of a
heavily polluted estuary: The Bilbao estuary case (N. Spain). Science of
the total environment, 2008. 396(1): p. 12-27.
[19] Vallejuelo, et al., Risk assessment of trace elements in sediments: The
case of the estuary of the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal River (Basque Country).
Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010. 181: p. 565-573.
[20] World Health Organization (WHO), IARC Monographs, vol. 46,
InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 1989: p. 41-
155.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:54914", author = "Belin Tavakoly Sany and Aishah Salleh and Abdul Halim Sulaiman and Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani", title = "Ecological Risk Assessment of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the North Port, Malaysia", abstract = "The pollution of sediments sampled from the North
Port by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated.
Concentrations of PAHs estimated in the port sediments ranged from
199 to 2851.2 μg/kg dw. The highest concentration was found which
is closed to the Berth line, this locations affected by intensive
shipping activities and Land based runoff and they were dominated
by the high molecular weight PAHs (4–6- rings). Source
identification showed that PAHs originated mostly from the
pyrogenic source either from the combustion of fossil fuels, grass,
wood and coal (majority of the samples). Ecological Risk Assessment
on the port sediments presented that slightly adverse ecological
effects to biological community are expected to occur at the vicinity
of the stations 1 and 4. Thus PAHs are not considered as pollutants of
concern in the North Port.", keywords = "PAHs, North Port, Ecological Risk,
sediment", volume = "6", number = "9", pages = "591-4", }
