DNA Polymorphism Studies of β-Lactoglobulin Gene in Saudi Goats
Domestic goats (Capra hircus) are extremely diverse
species and principal animal genetic resource of the developing
world. These facilitate a persistent supply of meat, milk, fibre, and
skin and are considered as important revenue generators in small
pastoral environments. This study aimed to fingerprint β-LG gene at
PCR-RFLP level in native Saudi goat breeds (Ardi, Habsi and Harri)
in an attempt to have a preliminary image of β-LG genotypic patterns
in Saudi breeds as compared to other foreign breeds such as Indian
and Egyptian. Also, the Phylogenetic analysis was done to investigate
evolutionary trends and similarities among the caprine β-LG gene
with that of the other domestic specie, viz. cow, buffalo and sheep.
Blood samples were collected from 300 animals (100 for each breed)
and genomic DNA was extracted. A fragment of the β-LG gene
(427bp) was amplified using specific primers. Subsequent digestion
with Sac II restriction endonuclease revealed two alleles (A and B)
and three different banding patterns or genotypes i.e. AA, AB and
BB. The statistical analysis showed a general trend that β-LG AA
genotype had higher milk yield than β-LG AB and β-LG BB
genotypes. Nucleotide sequencing of the selected β-LG fragments
was done and submitted to GenBank NCBI (Accession No.
KJ544248, KJ588275, KJ588276, KJ783455, KJ783456 and
KJ874959). Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of nucleotide
sequences of native Saudi goats indicated evolutional similarity with
the GenBank reference sequences of goat, Bubalus bubalis and Bos
taurus. However, the origin of sheep which is the most closely
related from the evolutionary point of view, was located some
distance away.
[1] Gall C.F. (1991): Breed differences in adaptation of goats. Pages 413-
429 B8, in K Maijala, ed., genetic Resources of pig, sheep and goat,
Elsevier Science publ. Amsterdam . The Netherlands, world Animal
Science series.
[2] Quartermain A.R. (1991): Evaluation and utilization of goat breeds.
Pages 451-470 B8, in K. Maijala, ed, Genetic Resources of pig, sheep
and goat. Elsevier Science publ., Amsterdam. The Netherlands, world
Animal Science Series.
[3] Silanikove N. (2000) : The physiological basis of adaptation in goats to
harsh environments . Small Ruminant Research, 35, 181-193.
[4] Mowelm A. (1988): Goat farming . Farming press. Ipswich, U.K. , 183 p
[5] Zeder M.A., and Hesse B. (2000). The initial domestication of goats
(Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 years ago. Science, 287,
2254-2257.
[6] MacHugh D.E., and Bradley D.G. (2001): Livestock genetic origins:
goats buck the trend. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
USA, 98, 5382-5384.
[7] Qureshi M.I., Sabir J.S.M., Mutawakil M.H.Z., El Hanafy, A.A.,
Ashmaoui H.E., Ramadan, H., Anwar Y., Sadek A.M., Alsoud, M.A.,
Saini, K.S., Ahmed, M.M. (2014). Review of modern strategies to
enhance livestock genetic performance: From molecular markers to
next-generation sequencing technologies in goats. Journal of Food,
Agriculture & Environment, 12, 7 5 2-7 6 1.
[8] Kumar A., Rout P.K., Roy R. (2006): Polymorphism of betalactoglobulin
gene in Indian goats and its effect on milk yield. Journal of
Applied Genetics, 47, 49-53.
[9] EL-Hanafy A.A., El-Saadani M.A., Eissa M., Maharem G.M., Khalifa
Z.A. (2010): Polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin gene in Barki and
Damascus and their crossbred goats in relation to milk yield.
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 26, 1-12.
[10] Hambraeus L., Lonnerdal B. (2003): Nutritional aspects of milk
proteins. In P. F. Fox, & P. L. H. M. McSweeney (Eds.), Advanced dairy
chemistry (I. Proteins 3rd Ed. Part B). New York, USA: Kluwer.
[11] Kontopidis G., Holt C., Sawyer L. (2004): Invited review: betalactoglobulin:
binding properties, structure, and function. Journal of
Dairy Science, 87, 785-96.
[12] Wang Q.W., Allen J.C., Swaisgood H.E. (1997): Binding of vitamin D
and cholesterol to β-lactoglobulin. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1054-
1059.
[13] Zimet P., and Livney Y.D. (2009): Beta-lactoglobulin and its nanocomplexes
with pectin as vehicles for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Food Hydrocolloids, 23, 1120-1126.
[14] Cui Y., Cao Y., Ma Y., Qu X., Dong A. (2012): Genetic variation in the
Β-lactoglobulin of Chinese yak (Bos grunniens). Journal of Genetics, 91,
44-8.
[15] Ron N., Zimet P., Bargarum J., Livney Y.D. (2010): Beta-lactoglobulinpolysaccharide
complexes as nanovehicles for hydrophobic
nutraceuticals in non fat foods and clear beverages. International Dairy
Journal, 20, 686-693.
[16] Caroli A.M., Chessa S., Erhardt G.J. (2009): Invited review, milk
protein polymorphisms in cattle, effect on animal breeding and human
nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 5335-5352.
[17] Arora R., Bhatia S., Mishra B.P., Sharma R., Pandey A.K., Prakash B.,
Jain A. (2010): Genetic polymorphism of the beta-lactoglobulin gene in
native sheep from India. Biochemical Genetics, 48, 304-11.
[18] Pena R.N., Sanchez A., Folch J.M. (2000): Characterization of genetic
polymorphism in the goat beta-lactoglobulin gene. Journal of Dairy
Research, 67, 217-224.
[19] Sabir J.S.M., Mutawakil M.H.Z., El-Hanafy A.A., Ahmed M.M.M.
(2012): Genetic similarity among four breeds of goats in Saudi Arabia
detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA marker. African
Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 3958-3963.
[20] Sabir J.S.M., Sabry A.M., Awad N.S., Mohamed A.A., Mutawakil
M.H.Z. (2013): Najdi, Harri and Aradi Saudi Goat Breeds Possess
Genetic Variation Required for Genetic Improvement. World Applied
Sciences Journal, 26, 867-872.
[21] Falconer D.S., Mackay T.F.C. (1996): Introduction to Quantitative
Genetics. 4th Ed. Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex, UK.
[22] Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A.D. (1977): DNA sequencing with
chain terminating inhibitor. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA, 74, 5436-5467.
[23] Kawecka A., Radko A. (2011): Genetic polymorphism of β-
lactoglobulin in sheep raised for milk production. Journal of Applied
Animal Research, 39, 68-71.
[24] Botaro B.G., Lima Y.V., Aquino A.A., Fernandes R.H., Garcia J.F.,
Santos M.V. (2008): Effect of beta-lactoglobulin polymorphism and
seasonality on bovine milk composition. Journal of Dairy Research, 75,
176-181.
[25] Folch, J.M., Coll, A. And Sa´nchez, A. (1994). Complete sequence of
the caprine β-lactoglobulin gene. Journal of Dairy Science 77: 3493-
3497.
[26] Chen, H., Lan, X.Y., Li, R.B., Lei, C.Z., Sun, W.B., Zhang, R.F., Zheng,
Y.L., Zhu, B.C. (2005). The effect of CSN1 S2, CSN3 and beta-lg genes
on milk performance in Xinong Saanen dairy goat. Yi Chuan Xue Bao
32 (8): 804-810.
[27] Yahyaoui, M.H., Angiolillo, A., Pilla, F., Sanchez, A., Folch, J.M.
(2003b). Characterization and genotyping of the caprine kappa casein
variants. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 2715-2720.
[1] Gall C.F. (1991): Breed differences in adaptation of goats. Pages 413-
429 B8, in K Maijala, ed., genetic Resources of pig, sheep and goat,
Elsevier Science publ. Amsterdam . The Netherlands, world Animal
Science series.
[2] Quartermain A.R. (1991): Evaluation and utilization of goat breeds.
Pages 451-470 B8, in K. Maijala, ed, Genetic Resources of pig, sheep
and goat. Elsevier Science publ., Amsterdam. The Netherlands, world
Animal Science Series.
[3] Silanikove N. (2000) : The physiological basis of adaptation in goats to
harsh environments . Small Ruminant Research, 35, 181-193.
[4] Mowelm A. (1988): Goat farming . Farming press. Ipswich, U.K. , 183 p
[5] Zeder M.A., and Hesse B. (2000). The initial domestication of goats
(Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 years ago. Science, 287,
2254-2257.
[6] MacHugh D.E., and Bradley D.G. (2001): Livestock genetic origins:
goats buck the trend. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
USA, 98, 5382-5384.
[7] Qureshi M.I., Sabir J.S.M., Mutawakil M.H.Z., El Hanafy, A.A.,
Ashmaoui H.E., Ramadan, H., Anwar Y., Sadek A.M., Alsoud, M.A.,
Saini, K.S., Ahmed, M.M. (2014). Review of modern strategies to
enhance livestock genetic performance: From molecular markers to
next-generation sequencing technologies in goats. Journal of Food,
Agriculture & Environment, 12, 7 5 2-7 6 1.
[8] Kumar A., Rout P.K., Roy R. (2006): Polymorphism of betalactoglobulin
gene in Indian goats and its effect on milk yield. Journal of
Applied Genetics, 47, 49-53.
[9] EL-Hanafy A.A., El-Saadani M.A., Eissa M., Maharem G.M., Khalifa
Z.A. (2010): Polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin gene in Barki and
Damascus and their crossbred goats in relation to milk yield.
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 26, 1-12.
[10] Hambraeus L., Lonnerdal B. (2003): Nutritional aspects of milk
proteins. In P. F. Fox, & P. L. H. M. McSweeney (Eds.), Advanced dairy
chemistry (I. Proteins 3rd Ed. Part B). New York, USA: Kluwer.
[11] Kontopidis G., Holt C., Sawyer L. (2004): Invited review: betalactoglobulin:
binding properties, structure, and function. Journal of
Dairy Science, 87, 785-96.
[12] Wang Q.W., Allen J.C., Swaisgood H.E. (1997): Binding of vitamin D
and cholesterol to β-lactoglobulin. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1054-
1059.
[13] Zimet P., and Livney Y.D. (2009): Beta-lactoglobulin and its nanocomplexes
with pectin as vehicles for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Food Hydrocolloids, 23, 1120-1126.
[14] Cui Y., Cao Y., Ma Y., Qu X., Dong A. (2012): Genetic variation in the
Β-lactoglobulin of Chinese yak (Bos grunniens). Journal of Genetics, 91,
44-8.
[15] Ron N., Zimet P., Bargarum J., Livney Y.D. (2010): Beta-lactoglobulinpolysaccharide
complexes as nanovehicles for hydrophobic
nutraceuticals in non fat foods and clear beverages. International Dairy
Journal, 20, 686-693.
[16] Caroli A.M., Chessa S., Erhardt G.J. (2009): Invited review, milk
protein polymorphisms in cattle, effect on animal breeding and human
nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 5335-5352.
[17] Arora R., Bhatia S., Mishra B.P., Sharma R., Pandey A.K., Prakash B.,
Jain A. (2010): Genetic polymorphism of the beta-lactoglobulin gene in
native sheep from India. Biochemical Genetics, 48, 304-11.
[18] Pena R.N., Sanchez A., Folch J.M. (2000): Characterization of genetic
polymorphism in the goat beta-lactoglobulin gene. Journal of Dairy
Research, 67, 217-224.
[19] Sabir J.S.M., Mutawakil M.H.Z., El-Hanafy A.A., Ahmed M.M.M.
(2012): Genetic similarity among four breeds of goats in Saudi Arabia
detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA marker. African
Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 3958-3963.
[20] Sabir J.S.M., Sabry A.M., Awad N.S., Mohamed A.A., Mutawakil
M.H.Z. (2013): Najdi, Harri and Aradi Saudi Goat Breeds Possess
Genetic Variation Required for Genetic Improvement. World Applied
Sciences Journal, 26, 867-872.
[21] Falconer D.S., Mackay T.F.C. (1996): Introduction to Quantitative
Genetics. 4th Ed. Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex, UK.
[22] Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A.D. (1977): DNA sequencing with
chain terminating inhibitor. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA, 74, 5436-5467.
[23] Kawecka A., Radko A. (2011): Genetic polymorphism of β-
lactoglobulin in sheep raised for milk production. Journal of Applied
Animal Research, 39, 68-71.
[24] Botaro B.G., Lima Y.V., Aquino A.A., Fernandes R.H., Garcia J.F.,
Santos M.V. (2008): Effect of beta-lactoglobulin polymorphism and
seasonality on bovine milk composition. Journal of Dairy Research, 75,
176-181.
[25] Folch, J.M., Coll, A. And Sa´nchez, A. (1994). Complete sequence of
the caprine β-lactoglobulin gene. Journal of Dairy Science 77: 3493-
3497.
[26] Chen, H., Lan, X.Y., Li, R.B., Lei, C.Z., Sun, W.B., Zhang, R.F., Zheng,
Y.L., Zhu, B.C. (2005). The effect of CSN1 S2, CSN3 and beta-lg genes
on milk performance in Xinong Saanen dairy goat. Yi Chuan Xue Bao
32 (8): 804-810.
[27] Yahyaoui, M.H., Angiolillo, A., Pilla, F., Sanchez, A., Folch, J.M.
(2003b). Characterization and genotyping of the caprine kappa casein
variants. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 2715-2720.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:68566", author = "Amr A. El Hanafy and Muhammad Qureshi and Jamal Sabir and Mohamed Mutawakil and Mohamed M. Ahmed and Hassan El Ashmaoui and Hassan Ramadan and Mohamed Abou-Alsoud and Mahmoud Abdel Sadek", title = "DNA Polymorphism Studies of β-Lactoglobulin Gene in Saudi Goats", abstract = "Domestic goats (Capra hircus) are extremely diverse
species and principal animal genetic resource of the developing
world. These facilitate a persistent supply of meat, milk, fibre, and
skin and are considered as important revenue generators in small
pastoral environments. This study aimed to fingerprint β-LG gene at
PCR-RFLP level in native Saudi goat breeds (Ardi, Habsi and Harri)
in an attempt to have a preliminary image of β-LG genotypic patterns
in Saudi breeds as compared to other foreign breeds such as Indian
and Egyptian. Also, the Phylogenetic analysis was done to investigate
evolutionary trends and similarities among the caprine β-LG gene
with that of the other domestic specie, viz. cow, buffalo and sheep.
Blood samples were collected from 300 animals (100 for each breed)
and genomic DNA was extracted. A fragment of the β-LG gene
(427bp) was amplified using specific primers. Subsequent digestion
with Sac II restriction endonuclease revealed two alleles (A and B)
and three different banding patterns or genotypes i.e. AA, AB and
BB. The statistical analysis showed a general trend that β-LG AA
genotype had higher milk yield than β-LG AB and β-LG BB
genotypes. Nucleotide sequencing of the selected β-LG fragments
was done and submitted to GenBank NCBI (Accession No.
KJ544248, KJ588275, KJ588276, KJ783455, KJ783456 and
KJ874959). Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of nucleotide
sequences of native Saudi goats indicated evolutional similarity with
the GenBank reference sequences of goat, Bubalus bubalis and Bos
taurus. However, the origin of sheep which is the most closely
related from the evolutionary point of view, was located some
distance away.
", keywords = "β-Lactoglobulin, Saudi goats, PCR-RFLP, Phylogenetic analysis.", volume = "8", number = "12", pages = "1390-4", }
