Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on a Single Port Smart Antenna Using MUSIC Algorithm with Periodic Signals
A novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation technique, which uses a conventional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm with periodic signals, is applied to a single RF-port parasitic array antenna for direction finding. Simulation results show that the proposed method gives high resolution (1 degree) DOA estimation in an uncorrelated signal environment. The novelty lies in that the MUSIC algorithm is applied to a simplified antenna configuration. Only one RF port and one analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) are used in this antenna, which features low DC power consumption, low cost, and ease of fabrication. Modifications to the conventional MUSIC algorithm do not bring much additional complexity. The proposed technique is also free from the negative influence by the mutual coupling between elements. Therefore, the technique has great potential to be implemented into the existing wireless mobile communications systems, especially at the power consumption limited mobile terminals, to provide additional position location (PL) services.
[1] T. S. Rappaport, J. H. Reed and B. D. Woerner, "Position Location Using
Wireless Communications on Highways of the Future," IEEE Comms. Mag., Oct. 1996, pp. 33-41.
[2] K. J. Krizman, T. E. Biedka and T. S. Rappaport, "Wireless Position Location: Fundamentals, Emplementation Strategies, and Sources of Error," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., May 5-7, 1997, pp. 919-923.
[3] G. V. Tsoulos, "Smart antennas for mobile communication systems:
benefits and challenges," Elect. & Comm. Engg. J., Vol. 11, NO. 2, Apr.
1999, pp. 84 -94.
[4] J. C. Liberti, Jr. and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Application,
Prentice Hall PTR, 1999.
[5] L. C. Godara, "Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications.
II. Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations," Proc. IEEE,
Vol. 85 NO. 8, Aug. 1997, pp. 1195-1245.
[6] T. Ohira and J. Cheng, "Analog smart antennas", Adaptive Antenna
Arrays, pp.184-204, ISBN3-540-20199-8, Berlin: Springer Verlag, June 2004.
[7] D. V. Thiel and S. Smith, Switched Parasitic Antennas for Cellular Communications, Artech House, 2002.
[8] S. L. Preston, D. V. Thiel, T. A. Smith, S. G. O'Keefe and J. W. Lu, "Base-station tracking in mobile communications using a switched parasitic antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, NO. 6, Jun. 1998, pp. 841 -844.
[9] R. Vaughan, "Switched parasitic elements for antenna diversity," IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 47, NO.2, Feb. 1999, pp. 399 -405.
[10] D. V. Thiel, S. G. O'Keefe and J. W. Lu, "Electronic beam steering in wire
and patch antenna systems using switched parasitic elements," IEEE Antenna Propagat. Symp. Dig., Vol. 1, 1996, pp. 534 -537.
[11] S. L. Preston, D. V. Thiel, J. W. Lu, S. G. O'Keefe and T. S. Bird,
"Electronic beam steering using switched parasitic patch elements," Elect. Lett., Vol. 33, NO. 1, 2 Jan. 1997, pp. 7-8.
[12] R. F. Harrington, "Reactively controlled directive arrays," IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-26, No.3, Mar. 1978, pp.390-395.
[13] T. Ohira and K. Gyoda, "Hand-held microwave direction-of-arrival finder
based on varactor-tuned analog aerial beamforming," Asia-Pacific
Microwave Conf., 2001, pp. 585 -588.
[14] K. Yang and T. Ohira, "ESPAR antennas-based signal processing for
DS-CDMA signal waveforms in ad hoc Network systems," IEEE 3rd Workshop on Signal Proc. Adv. Wireless Comms., 2001. (SPAWC '01),
2001, pp. 130 -133.
[15] J. Cheng, Y. Kamiya and T. Ohira, "Adaptive Beamforming of ESPAR
Antenna Based on Steepest Gradient Algorithm," IEICE Trans. Comms.,
Vol.E84-B, No.7, 2001, pp.1790-1800.
[16] A. Komatsuzaki, S. Saito, K. Gyoda and T. Ohira, "Hamiltonian approach
to reactance optimization in ESPAR antennas," Asia-Pacific Microwave
Conf. 2000, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1514 -1517.
[17] C. Sun, A. Hirata, T. Ohira, and N. C. Karmakar, "Fast beamforming of
electronically steerable parasitic array radiator antennas: Theory and
experiment," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., vol. 52, no. 7, pp.
1819-1832, July 2004.
[18] S. A. Leonov and A. I. Leonov, Handbook of Computer Simulation in
Radio Engineering, Communications, and Radar, Artech House, 2001,
pp.175-176.
[19] C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory Analysis and Design, John Wiley. 1997.
[20] S. Y. Liao, Microwave Solid-State Devices, Printice Hall, 1985.
[21] R. O. Schmidt, "Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter
Estimation", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-34, No.3, Mar.
1986, pp.276-280.
[22] D. H. Johnson and D. E. Dudgeon, Array Signal Processing: Concepts
and Techniques, Prentice Hall PTR. 1993.
[23] D. C. Cox, R. R. Murray, H. W. Arnold, A. W. Norris and M. F.
Wazowicz, "Cross-polarization coupling measured for 800 MHz radio
transmission in and around houses and large buildings," IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-34, No.1, Jan. 1986, pp.83-87.
[24] W. C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications. New York: IEEE Press
1994.
[25] C. Tepedelenlioglu, Modeling and Mitigation of Time-Selective and
Frequency-Selective Fading in Single-Carrier and Multi-Carrier
Communications, Ph.D thesis, Univ. of Minnesota, May, 2001
[26] J. Parsons. The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, New York: Halsted,
1992.
[27] A. Hirata, T. Aono, H. Yamada, and T. Ohira, "Reactance-domain SSP
MUSIC for an ESPAR antenna to estimate the DOAs of coherent waves",
International Symp. Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications,
WPMC2003, 3, pp.242-246, Yokosuka, Oct. 2003.
[28] A. Hirata, E. Taillefer, T. Aono, H. Yamada, and T. Ohira, "Correlation
suppression performance for coherent signals in RD-SSP-MUSIC with a
7-element ESPAR antenna", European Conf. Wireless Tech., ECWT2004,
Amsterdam, Oct. 2004.
[29] E. Taillefer, E. Chu, and T. Ohira, "ESPRIT algorithm for a seven-element
regular-hexagonal shaped ESPAR", European Conf. Wireless Tech.,
ECWT2004, Amsterdam, Oct. 2004.
[30] R. O. Schmidt and R. E. Franks, "Multiple Source DF Signal Processing:
An Experimental System," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-34,
No.3, Mar. 1986, pp.281-290.
[31] Y. Inoue, K. Mori and H. Arai, "DOA error estimation using 2.6GHz DBF
array antenna" Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. 2001, pp. 701 -704.
[32] K. R. Dandekar, H. Ling and G. Xu, "Effect of mutual coupling on
direction finding in smart antenna applications" Elect. Lett., Vol.36,
Issue: 22, Oct. 2000, pp. 1889 -1891.
[1] T. S. Rappaport, J. H. Reed and B. D. Woerner, "Position Location Using
Wireless Communications on Highways of the Future," IEEE Comms. Mag., Oct. 1996, pp. 33-41.
[2] K. J. Krizman, T. E. Biedka and T. S. Rappaport, "Wireless Position Location: Fundamentals, Emplementation Strategies, and Sources of Error," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., May 5-7, 1997, pp. 919-923.
[3] G. V. Tsoulos, "Smart antennas for mobile communication systems:
benefits and challenges," Elect. & Comm. Engg. J., Vol. 11, NO. 2, Apr.
1999, pp. 84 -94.
[4] J. C. Liberti, Jr. and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Application,
Prentice Hall PTR, 1999.
[5] L. C. Godara, "Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications.
II. Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations," Proc. IEEE,
Vol. 85 NO. 8, Aug. 1997, pp. 1195-1245.
[6] T. Ohira and J. Cheng, "Analog smart antennas", Adaptive Antenna
Arrays, pp.184-204, ISBN3-540-20199-8, Berlin: Springer Verlag, June 2004.
[7] D. V. Thiel and S. Smith, Switched Parasitic Antennas for Cellular Communications, Artech House, 2002.
[8] S. L. Preston, D. V. Thiel, T. A. Smith, S. G. O'Keefe and J. W. Lu, "Base-station tracking in mobile communications using a switched parasitic antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, NO. 6, Jun. 1998, pp. 841 -844.
[9] R. Vaughan, "Switched parasitic elements for antenna diversity," IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 47, NO.2, Feb. 1999, pp. 399 -405.
[10] D. V. Thiel, S. G. O'Keefe and J. W. Lu, "Electronic beam steering in wire
and patch antenna systems using switched parasitic elements," IEEE Antenna Propagat. Symp. Dig., Vol. 1, 1996, pp. 534 -537.
[11] S. L. Preston, D. V. Thiel, J. W. Lu, S. G. O'Keefe and T. S. Bird,
"Electronic beam steering using switched parasitic patch elements," Elect. Lett., Vol. 33, NO. 1, 2 Jan. 1997, pp. 7-8.
[12] R. F. Harrington, "Reactively controlled directive arrays," IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-26, No.3, Mar. 1978, pp.390-395.
[13] T. Ohira and K. Gyoda, "Hand-held microwave direction-of-arrival finder
based on varactor-tuned analog aerial beamforming," Asia-Pacific
Microwave Conf., 2001, pp. 585 -588.
[14] K. Yang and T. Ohira, "ESPAR antennas-based signal processing for
DS-CDMA signal waveforms in ad hoc Network systems," IEEE 3rd Workshop on Signal Proc. Adv. Wireless Comms., 2001. (SPAWC '01),
2001, pp. 130 -133.
[15] J. Cheng, Y. Kamiya and T. Ohira, "Adaptive Beamforming of ESPAR
Antenna Based on Steepest Gradient Algorithm," IEICE Trans. Comms.,
Vol.E84-B, No.7, 2001, pp.1790-1800.
[16] A. Komatsuzaki, S. Saito, K. Gyoda and T. Ohira, "Hamiltonian approach
to reactance optimization in ESPAR antennas," Asia-Pacific Microwave
Conf. 2000, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1514 -1517.
[17] C. Sun, A. Hirata, T. Ohira, and N. C. Karmakar, "Fast beamforming of
electronically steerable parasitic array radiator antennas: Theory and
experiment," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., vol. 52, no. 7, pp.
1819-1832, July 2004.
[18] S. A. Leonov and A. I. Leonov, Handbook of Computer Simulation in
Radio Engineering, Communications, and Radar, Artech House, 2001,
pp.175-176.
[19] C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory Analysis and Design, John Wiley. 1997.
[20] S. Y. Liao, Microwave Solid-State Devices, Printice Hall, 1985.
[21] R. O. Schmidt, "Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter
Estimation", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.AP-34, No.3, Mar.
1986, pp.276-280.
[22] D. H. Johnson and D. E. Dudgeon, Array Signal Processing: Concepts
and Techniques, Prentice Hall PTR. 1993.
[23] D. C. Cox, R. R. Murray, H. W. Arnold, A. W. Norris and M. F.
Wazowicz, "Cross-polarization coupling measured for 800 MHz radio
transmission in and around houses and large buildings," IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-34, No.1, Jan. 1986, pp.83-87.
[24] W. C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications. New York: IEEE Press
1994.
[25] C. Tepedelenlioglu, Modeling and Mitigation of Time-Selective and
Frequency-Selective Fading in Single-Carrier and Multi-Carrier
Communications, Ph.D thesis, Univ. of Minnesota, May, 2001
[26] J. Parsons. The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, New York: Halsted,
1992.
[27] A. Hirata, T. Aono, H. Yamada, and T. Ohira, "Reactance-domain SSP
MUSIC for an ESPAR antenna to estimate the DOAs of coherent waves",
International Symp. Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications,
WPMC2003, 3, pp.242-246, Yokosuka, Oct. 2003.
[28] A. Hirata, E. Taillefer, T. Aono, H. Yamada, and T. Ohira, "Correlation
suppression performance for coherent signals in RD-SSP-MUSIC with a
7-element ESPAR antenna", European Conf. Wireless Tech., ECWT2004,
Amsterdam, Oct. 2004.
[29] E. Taillefer, E. Chu, and T. Ohira, "ESPRIT algorithm for a seven-element
regular-hexagonal shaped ESPAR", European Conf. Wireless Tech.,
ECWT2004, Amsterdam, Oct. 2004.
[30] R. O. Schmidt and R. E. Franks, "Multiple Source DF Signal Processing:
An Experimental System," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-34,
No.3, Mar. 1986, pp.281-290.
[31] Y. Inoue, K. Mori and H. Arai, "DOA error estimation using 2.6GHz DBF
array antenna" Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. 2001, pp. 701 -704.
[32] K. R. Dandekar, H. Ling and G. Xu, "Effect of mutual coupling on
direction finding in smart antenna applications" Elect. Lett., Vol.36,
Issue: 22, Oct. 2000, pp. 1889 -1891.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:57655", author = "Chen Sun and Nemai Chandra Karmakar", title = "Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on a Single Port Smart Antenna Using MUSIC Algorithm with Periodic Signals", abstract = "A novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation technique, which uses a conventional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm with periodic signals, is applied to a single RF-port parasitic array antenna for direction finding. Simulation results show that the proposed method gives high resolution (1 degree) DOA estimation in an uncorrelated signal environment. The novelty lies in that the MUSIC algorithm is applied to a simplified antenna configuration. Only one RF port and one analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) are used in this antenna, which features low DC power consumption, low cost, and ease of fabrication. Modifications to the conventional MUSIC algorithm do not bring much additional complexity. The proposed technique is also free from the negative influence by the mutual coupling between elements. Therefore, the technique has great potential to be implemented into the existing wireless mobile communications systems, especially at the power consumption limited mobile terminals, to provide additional position location (PL) services.
", keywords = "Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR), multiple single classifications (MUSIC), position location.", volume = "1", number = "11", pages = "1628-10", }
