Damage to Strawberries Caused by Simulated Transport
The quality and condition of perishable products
delivered to the market and their subsequent selling prices are
directly affected by the care taken during harvesting and handling.
Mechanical injury, in fact, occurs at all stages, from pre-harvest
operations through post-harvest handling, packing and transport to
the market. The main implications of this damage are the reduction of
the product’s quality and economical losses related to the shelf life
diminution. For most perishable products, the shelf life is relatively
short and it is typically dictated by microbial growth related to the
application of dynamic and static loads during transportation. This
paper presents the correlation between vibration levels and
microbiological growth on strawberries and woodland strawberries
and detects the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in
order to develop an intelligent logistic unit capable of monitoring
VOCs using a specific sensor system. Fresh fruits were exposed to
vibrations by means of a vibrating table in a temperature-controlled
environment. Microbiological analyses were conducted on samples,
taken at different positions along the column of the crates. The values
obtained were compared with control samples not exposed to
vibrations and the results show that different positions along the
column influence the development of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous
fungi.
[1] Cordenunsi, B.R., Nascimento, J.R.O., Lajolo, F.M., (2003), “Physicochemical
changes related to quality of five strawberry fruit cultivars
during cool-storage”, Food Chemistry, 83, 167–173.
[2] Mussinan, C. J., Walradt, J.P., (1975), “Organic acids from fresh
California strawberries”, J. Ag. Food Chem. 23, 482 – 484.
[3] Guichard, E., (1982), “Identification of the flavoured volatile
components of the raspberry cultivar”, Lloyd George. Science des
Aliments 2, 173 – 185.
[4] Guichard, E., Issanchou, S., Descouvieres, A., Etievant, P., (1991),
“Pectin concentration, molecular weight and degree of esterification:
influence on volatile composition and sensory characteristics of
strawberry jam”, J. Food Sci. 56, 1621 – 1627.
[5] Nikiforov, A., Jirovetz, L., Woidich, A., (1994), “Evaluation of
combined GC: MS: FTIR data sets of strawberry aroma”, Food Qual.
Pref. 5, 135 – 137.
[6] Ulrich, D., Eunert, S., Hoberg, E., Rapp, A., (1995), “Analyse des
erdbeeraromas mittels festphasen-mikroextraktion”, Deutsche
Lebensmittel-Rundschau 91, 349 – 351.
[7] Maarse, H. (1991), “Volatile compounds in foods and beverages”,
Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York.
[8] Martinez R.D., Castillo S., and Valero D., (2004), “Mechanical Damage
During Fruit Postharvest Handling”, Springer Press, the Netherlands-
Spain.
[9] Vergano, P. J., Testin, R. F., Newall W. C., (1991), “Distinguishing
among bruises in peachs caused by impact, vibration and compression”,
Journal of Food Quality Volume 14, Issue 4, pages 285–298.
[10] Zhang, M., (2000), “Status and development of processing technology of
fruit and vegetable in China”, Food Mach. 76, 4–6
[11] Remon, S., Venturini, M.E., Lopez-Buesa, P., Rosa, O., (2003), “Burlat
cherry quality after long range transport: optimization of packaging
conditions”, Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 4, 425–434.
[12] Kawano, Iwamoto, S. M., Hayakawa, A. (1984), ”Evaluation of in
transit mechanical injury of fruits and vegetables for simulation of
transport test”, Report of the National Food Research Institute, No. 45,
92-96. Tsukuba, Japan. [13] Hinsch, R.T., Slaughter, D.C., Craig, W.L., Thompson, J.F., (1993),
“Vibration of fresh fruits and vegetables during refrigerated truck
transport”, Trans. ASAE 36, 1039–1042.
[14] Jarimopas, B., Singh, S.P., Saengnil, W., (2005), “Measurement and
analysis of truck transport vibration levels and damage to packaged
tangerines during transit”, Packag. Technol. Sci. 18, 179–188.
[15] Turczyn, M.T., Grant, S.W., Ashby, B.H., Wheaton, F.W., (1986),
“Potato shatter bruising during laboratory handling and transport
simulation”, Trans. ASAE 29, 1171–1175.
[16] Vergano, P.J., Testin, R.F., Newall Jr., W.C., (1991), “Peach bruising:
susceptibility to impact, vibration, and compression abuse”, Trans.
ASAE 34, 2110–2116.
[17] Choi, S. R., Lee Y. H., Choi, D. S., Kim M. S. (2010), “Damage at the
peach due to vibrational stress during transportation simulation test”,
Journal of Biosystems Engineering 35(3):182-188 (In Korean).
[18] Timm, E.J., Brown, G.K., Armstrong, P.R., (1996). “Apple damage in
bulk bins during semi-trailer transport”, Appl. Eng. Agric. 12, 369–377.
[19] Van Zeebroeck, M., Tijskens, E., Dintwa, E., Kafashan, J., Loodts, J.,
De Baerdemaeker, J., Ramon, H., (2006), “The discrete element method
(DEM) to simulate fruit impact damage during transport and handling:
Model building and validation of DEM to predict bruise damage of
apples”, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 41, 85–91.
[20] Barchi, G.L., Berardinelli, A., Guarnieri, A., Ragni, L., Totaro Fila, C.,
(2002), “Damage to loquats by vibration-simulating intra-state
transport”, Biosyst. Eng. 82, 305–312.
[21] Berardinelli, A., Donati, V., Giunchi, A., Guarnieri, A., Ragni, L.,
(2005), “Damage to pears caused by simulated transport”, J. Food Eng.
66, 219–226.
[22] Kim, G.S., Parh, J.M., Kim, M.S., (2010), “Functional shock responses
of the pear according to the combination of the packaging cushioning
materials”, Journal of Biosystems ENGINEERING 35(5):323-329.
[23] Chesson, J. H., O’Brien, M. (1971), “Analysis of mechanical vibration
of fruit during transportation”, Transactions of the ASAE, 14(2), 222–
224.
[24] O’Brien, M., Guillou, R. (1969), “An in-transit vibration simulator for
fruit-handling studies”, Transactions of the ASAE, 12(1), 94–97.
[25] Peleg, K., Hinga, S. (1986), “Simulation of vibration damage in produce
transportation”, Transactions of the ASAE, 29(2), 633–641.
[26] Singh, S. P., Xu, M. (1993), “Bruising in apples as a function of truck
vibration and packaging”, Applied Engineering in Agriculture,
9(5),455–460.
[27] Timm, E. J., Brown, G. K., Armstrong, P. R. (1996), “Apple damage in
bulk bins during semi-trailer transport”, Applied Engineering in
Agriculture, ASAE, 12(3), 369–377.
[28] Turczyn, M. T., Grant, S. W., Ashby, B. H., Wheaton, F. W. (1986),
“Potato shatter bruising during laboratory handling and transport
simulation”, Transactions of the ASAE, 29(4), 1171–1175.
[29] Barchi, G. L., Berardinelli, A., Guarnieri, A., Ragni, L., Totaro Fila, C.
(2002), “Damage to loquats by vibration-simulating intra- state
transport”, Biosystems Engineering, 82(3), 305–312.
[30] Aiello, G., La Scalia, G., Micale, R., (2011), ” Simulation analysis of
cold chain performance based on time–temperature data ”, Production
Planning & Control vol 1, pp 1-9
[31] Fischer, D., Craig, W. L., Watada, A. E., Douglas, W., & Ashby, B. H.
(1992). Simulated in-transit vibration damage to packaged fresh market
grapes and strawberries. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(3), 363–
366.
[32] Pawliszyn J (1997) Solid phase microextraction - theory and practice.
Wiley-VCH, New York
[33] D. Fraternale, D. Ricci, G. Flamini and G. Giomaro, “Volatile profiles of
red apple from Marche Region (Italy)”, Records of Natural Products,
vol.5, no. 3, pp. 202-270, 2011.
[34] F. Tateo and M. Bononi, “Headspace-SPME analysis of volatiles from
quince whole fruits”, Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 22, no. 5,
pp. 416-418, 2010.
[35] P. Agozzino, G. Avellone, F. Filizzola, V. Farina and lo Bianco R,
“Changes in quality parameters and volatile aroma compounds in
“Fairtime” peach during fruit development and ripening”, Italian Journal
of Food Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 3-14, 2007.
[36] F. Fernandes, P. Guedes de Pinho, P. Valentão, A.J. Pereira and P.B.
Andrade, “Volatile constituents throughout Brassica oleracea L. var.
acephala germination”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.
57, no. 15, pp. 6795-6802, 2009.
[37] P. Guedes de Pinho, R.F. Gonçalves, P. Valentão, D.M. Pereira, R.M.
Seabra, P.B. Andrade and M. Sottomayor, “Volatile composition of
Catharanthusroseus (L.) G. Don using solid-phase microextraction and
gas chromatography /mass spectrometry”, Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Analysis, vol 49, no. 3, pp. 674-685, 2009.
[38] M. Meret, P. Brat, C. Mertz, M. Lebrun and Z. Günata, “Contribution to
aroma potential of Andean blackberry (RubusglaucusBenth.)”, Food
Research International, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 54-60, 2011.
[39] A.P. Oliveira, L.R. Silva, P. Guedes de Pinho, A. Gil-Izquierdo, P.
Valentão, B.M. Silva, J.A. Pereira and P. B. Andrade, “Volatile profiling
of Ficuscarica varieties by HS-SPME and GC-IT-MS”, Food Chemistry,
vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 548-557, 2010.
[40] U. Ravid, M. Elkabetz, C. Zamir, K. Cohen, O. Larkov and R. Aly,
“Authenticity assessment of natural fruit flavour compounds in foods
and beverages by auto-HS-SPME stereoselective GC-MS”, Flavour and
Fragrance Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 20-27, 2010.
[41] M. Taveira, P. Guedes de Pinho, R.F. Gonçalves, P.B. Andreade and P.
Valentão, “Determination of eighty-one volatile organic compounds in
dietary Rumexinduratus leaves by GC/IT-MS, using different extractive
techniques”, Microchemical Journal, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 67-72, 2009.
[42] S. Vermeir, M.L.A.T.M. Hertog, K. Vankerschaver, R. Swennen, B.M.
Nicolai and J. Lammertyn, “Instrumental based flavor characterization
of banana fruit” LWT- Food Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 10,
pp.1647-1653, 2009.
[43] S. Vichi, M. Riu-Aumatell, M. Mora-Pons, J. M. Guadayol, S.
Buxaderas, E. López-Tamames, “HS-SPME coupled to GC/MS for
quality control of Juniperuscommunis L. berries used for gin
aromatization”, Food Chemistry, vol. 105, no. 4, pp.1748-1754, 2007.
[1] Cordenunsi, B.R., Nascimento, J.R.O., Lajolo, F.M., (2003), “Physicochemical
changes related to quality of five strawberry fruit cultivars
during cool-storage”, Food Chemistry, 83, 167–173.
[2] Mussinan, C. J., Walradt, J.P., (1975), “Organic acids from fresh
California strawberries”, J. Ag. Food Chem. 23, 482 – 484.
[3] Guichard, E., (1982), “Identification of the flavoured volatile
components of the raspberry cultivar”, Lloyd George. Science des
Aliments 2, 173 – 185.
[4] Guichard, E., Issanchou, S., Descouvieres, A., Etievant, P., (1991),
“Pectin concentration, molecular weight and degree of esterification:
influence on volatile composition and sensory characteristics of
strawberry jam”, J. Food Sci. 56, 1621 – 1627.
[5] Nikiforov, A., Jirovetz, L., Woidich, A., (1994), “Evaluation of
combined GC: MS: FTIR data sets of strawberry aroma”, Food Qual.
Pref. 5, 135 – 137.
[6] Ulrich, D., Eunert, S., Hoberg, E., Rapp, A., (1995), “Analyse des
erdbeeraromas mittels festphasen-mikroextraktion”, Deutsche
Lebensmittel-Rundschau 91, 349 – 351.
[7] Maarse, H. (1991), “Volatile compounds in foods and beverages”,
Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York.
[8] Martinez R.D., Castillo S., and Valero D., (2004), “Mechanical Damage
During Fruit Postharvest Handling”, Springer Press, the Netherlands-
Spain.
[9] Vergano, P. J., Testin, R. F., Newall W. C., (1991), “Distinguishing
among bruises in peachs caused by impact, vibration and compression”,
Journal of Food Quality Volume 14, Issue 4, pages 285–298.
[10] Zhang, M., (2000), “Status and development of processing technology of
fruit and vegetable in China”, Food Mach. 76, 4–6
[11] Remon, S., Venturini, M.E., Lopez-Buesa, P., Rosa, O., (2003), “Burlat
cherry quality after long range transport: optimization of packaging
conditions”, Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 4, 425–434.
[12] Kawano, Iwamoto, S. M., Hayakawa, A. (1984), ”Evaluation of in
transit mechanical injury of fruits and vegetables for simulation of
transport test”, Report of the National Food Research Institute, No. 45,
92-96. Tsukuba, Japan. [13] Hinsch, R.T., Slaughter, D.C., Craig, W.L., Thompson, J.F., (1993),
“Vibration of fresh fruits and vegetables during refrigerated truck
transport”, Trans. ASAE 36, 1039–1042.
[14] Jarimopas, B., Singh, S.P., Saengnil, W., (2005), “Measurement and
analysis of truck transport vibration levels and damage to packaged
tangerines during transit”, Packag. Technol. Sci. 18, 179–188.
[15] Turczyn, M.T., Grant, S.W., Ashby, B.H., Wheaton, F.W., (1986),
“Potato shatter bruising during laboratory handling and transport
simulation”, Trans. ASAE 29, 1171–1175.
[16] Vergano, P.J., Testin, R.F., Newall Jr., W.C., (1991), “Peach bruising:
susceptibility to impact, vibration, and compression abuse”, Trans.
ASAE 34, 2110–2116.
[17] Choi, S. R., Lee Y. H., Choi, D. S., Kim M. S. (2010), “Damage at the
peach due to vibrational stress during transportation simulation test”,
Journal of Biosystems Engineering 35(3):182-188 (In Korean).
[18] Timm, E.J., Brown, G.K., Armstrong, P.R., (1996). “Apple damage in
bulk bins during semi-trailer transport”, Appl. Eng. Agric. 12, 369–377.
[19] Van Zeebroeck, M., Tijskens, E., Dintwa, E., Kafashan, J., Loodts, J.,
De Baerdemaeker, J., Ramon, H., (2006), “The discrete element method
(DEM) to simulate fruit impact damage during transport and handling:
Model building and validation of DEM to predict bruise damage of
apples”, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 41, 85–91.
[20] Barchi, G.L., Berardinelli, A., Guarnieri, A., Ragni, L., Totaro Fila, C.,
(2002), “Damage to loquats by vibration-simulating intra-state
transport”, Biosyst. Eng. 82, 305–312.
[21] Berardinelli, A., Donati, V., Giunchi, A., Guarnieri, A., Ragni, L.,
(2005), “Damage to pears caused by simulated transport”, J. Food Eng.
66, 219–226.
[22] Kim, G.S., Parh, J.M., Kim, M.S., (2010), “Functional shock responses
of the pear according to the combination of the packaging cushioning
materials”, Journal of Biosystems ENGINEERING 35(5):323-329.
[23] Chesson, J. H., O’Brien, M. (1971), “Analysis of mechanical vibration
of fruit during transportation”, Transactions of the ASAE, 14(2), 222–
224.
[24] O’Brien, M., Guillou, R. (1969), “An in-transit vibration simulator for
fruit-handling studies”, Transactions of the ASAE, 12(1), 94–97.
[25] Peleg, K., Hinga, S. (1986), “Simulation of vibration damage in produce
transportation”, Transactions of the ASAE, 29(2), 633–641.
[26] Singh, S. P., Xu, M. (1993), “Bruising in apples as a function of truck
vibration and packaging”, Applied Engineering in Agriculture,
9(5),455–460.
[27] Timm, E. J., Brown, G. K., Armstrong, P. R. (1996), “Apple damage in
bulk bins during semi-trailer transport”, Applied Engineering in
Agriculture, ASAE, 12(3), 369–377.
[28] Turczyn, M. T., Grant, S. W., Ashby, B. H., Wheaton, F. W. (1986),
“Potato shatter bruising during laboratory handling and transport
simulation”, Transactions of the ASAE, 29(4), 1171–1175.
[29] Barchi, G. L., Berardinelli, A., Guarnieri, A., Ragni, L., Totaro Fila, C.
(2002), “Damage to loquats by vibration-simulating intra- state
transport”, Biosystems Engineering, 82(3), 305–312.
[30] Aiello, G., La Scalia, G., Micale, R., (2011), ” Simulation analysis of
cold chain performance based on time–temperature data ”, Production
Planning & Control vol 1, pp 1-9
[31] Fischer, D., Craig, W. L., Watada, A. E., Douglas, W., & Ashby, B. H.
(1992). Simulated in-transit vibration damage to packaged fresh market
grapes and strawberries. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(3), 363–
366.
[32] Pawliszyn J (1997) Solid phase microextraction - theory and practice.
Wiley-VCH, New York
[33] D. Fraternale, D. Ricci, G. Flamini and G. Giomaro, “Volatile profiles of
red apple from Marche Region (Italy)”, Records of Natural Products,
vol.5, no. 3, pp. 202-270, 2011.
[34] F. Tateo and M. Bononi, “Headspace-SPME analysis of volatiles from
quince whole fruits”, Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 22, no. 5,
pp. 416-418, 2010.
[35] P. Agozzino, G. Avellone, F. Filizzola, V. Farina and lo Bianco R,
“Changes in quality parameters and volatile aroma compounds in
“Fairtime” peach during fruit development and ripening”, Italian Journal
of Food Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 3-14, 2007.
[36] F. Fernandes, P. Guedes de Pinho, P. Valentão, A.J. Pereira and P.B.
Andrade, “Volatile constituents throughout Brassica oleracea L. var.
acephala germination”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.
57, no. 15, pp. 6795-6802, 2009.
[37] P. Guedes de Pinho, R.F. Gonçalves, P. Valentão, D.M. Pereira, R.M.
Seabra, P.B. Andrade and M. Sottomayor, “Volatile composition of
Catharanthusroseus (L.) G. Don using solid-phase microextraction and
gas chromatography /mass spectrometry”, Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Analysis, vol 49, no. 3, pp. 674-685, 2009.
[38] M. Meret, P. Brat, C. Mertz, M. Lebrun and Z. Günata, “Contribution to
aroma potential of Andean blackberry (RubusglaucusBenth.)”, Food
Research International, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 54-60, 2011.
[39] A.P. Oliveira, L.R. Silva, P. Guedes de Pinho, A. Gil-Izquierdo, P.
Valentão, B.M. Silva, J.A. Pereira and P. B. Andrade, “Volatile profiling
of Ficuscarica varieties by HS-SPME and GC-IT-MS”, Food Chemistry,
vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 548-557, 2010.
[40] U. Ravid, M. Elkabetz, C. Zamir, K. Cohen, O. Larkov and R. Aly,
“Authenticity assessment of natural fruit flavour compounds in foods
and beverages by auto-HS-SPME stereoselective GC-MS”, Flavour and
Fragrance Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 20-27, 2010.
[41] M. Taveira, P. Guedes de Pinho, R.F. Gonçalves, P.B. Andreade and P.
Valentão, “Determination of eighty-one volatile organic compounds in
dietary Rumexinduratus leaves by GC/IT-MS, using different extractive
techniques”, Microchemical Journal, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 67-72, 2009.
[42] S. Vermeir, M.L.A.T.M. Hertog, K. Vankerschaver, R. Swennen, B.M.
Nicolai and J. Lammertyn, “Instrumental based flavor characterization
of banana fruit” LWT- Food Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 10,
pp.1647-1653, 2009.
[43] S. Vichi, M. Riu-Aumatell, M. Mora-Pons, J. M. Guadayol, S.
Buxaderas, E. López-Tamames, “HS-SPME coupled to GC/MS for
quality control of Juniperuscommunis L. berries used for gin
aromatization”, Food Chemistry, vol. 105, no. 4, pp.1748-1754, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:69768", author = "G. La Scalia and M. Enea and R. Micale and O. Corona and L. Settanni", title = "Damage to Strawberries Caused by Simulated Transport", abstract = "The quality and condition of perishable products
delivered to the market and their subsequent selling prices are
directly affected by the care taken during harvesting and handling.
Mechanical injury, in fact, occurs at all stages, from pre-harvest
operations through post-harvest handling, packing and transport to
the market. The main implications of this damage are the reduction of
the product’s quality and economical losses related to the shelf life
diminution. For most perishable products, the shelf life is relatively
short and it is typically dictated by microbial growth related to the
application of dynamic and static loads during transportation. This
paper presents the correlation between vibration levels and
microbiological growth on strawberries and woodland strawberries
and detects the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in
order to develop an intelligent logistic unit capable of monitoring
VOCs using a specific sensor system. Fresh fruits were exposed to
vibrations by means of a vibrating table in a temperature-controlled
environment. Microbiological analyses were conducted on samples,
taken at different positions along the column of the crates. The values
obtained were compared with control samples not exposed to
vibrations and the results show that different positions along the
column influence the development of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous
fungi.
", keywords = "Microbiological analysis, shelf life, transport
damage, volatile organic compounds.", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "480-6", }
