The goal of this work is to report the main dermatological alterations occurring during pregnancy and actual cosmetic protocols available and recommended for safe use. Throughout pregnancy, woman's body undergoes many transformations such as hormonal changes and weight gain. These alterations can result in undesirable skin aspects that end up affecting the future mother's life. The main complaints of pregnant women involve melasma advent, varicose veins, edema, and natural skin aging. Even if most of the time is recommended to wait for the birth to use cosmetics, there are some alternatives to prevent and to treat these alterations during pregnancy. For all these cases, there is a need to update information about safety and efficacy of new actives and technologies in cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review about the main skin alterations during pregnancy and actual recommended treatments, according to the current legislation.
[1] "FDA Pregnancy Categories A, B, C, D, X, N Explained. FDA. Aug. 2016.
[2] S. Saraf. "Oral Examination: An important adjunct to the diagnosis of dermatological disorders" International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, vol. 10. pp. 98-106, 2016.
[3] A. Guyton, Human Physiology. 6th ed. vol. 11, pp 1034-1036. 2006.
[4] M. Urasaki, "Skin Physiological Alterations in Pregnant Women of Public System Health", Acta Pal. Enfer., vol. 23, pp 519-25, March 2010.
[5] "Final report of the safety assessment of Urea", Int J Toxicol. vol. 24, pp. 1-56, 2005.
[6] G. Leonardi, L. Gaspar, and P. Campos. "Study of pH Variation of Human Skin Expose to Cosmetics with Vitamin A, E or Ceramide." An. Bras. Dermatol., vol. 77, pp. 563-69, Oct. 2002.
[7] M. L. Elsaie, L. S. Baumann, L. T. Elsaaiee "Striae distensae (stretch marks) and different modalities of therapy: an update". Dermatol. Surg., vol. 35(4), pp. 563-73, Apr. 2009.
[8] S. Sachdeva, "The dermatoses of pregnancy" Indian J. Dermatol. vol. 53, pp. 103-105, 2008.
[9] Babamiri, K., and R. Nassab. "Cosmeceuticals: the evidence behind the retinoids" National Center for Biotechnology Information, vol. 30, pp. 74-77, Jan. 2010.
[10] K. Ball Arefiev, B. Hantash, "Advances in the treatment of melasma: a review of the recent literature" Dermatol. Surg., vol. 38, pp. 971-84, Jul. 2012.
[11] K. Purim and M. Avelar, "Photoprotection, Melasma and Quality of Life in Pregnant Woman." Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet., vol. 34, pp. 228-34, may. 2012.
[12] R. Lucas, M. Norval, C. Wright, "Solar ultraviolet radiation in Africa: a systematic review and critical evaluation of the health risks and use of photoprotection". Photochem Photobiol Sci., vol. 15, pp. 10-23, Dec. 2016.
[13] K. Jallad, "Chemical characterization of sunscreens composition and its related potential adverse health effects" J. Cosmet. Dermatol., unpublished.
[14] S. Seité and S. B. Park. "Effectiveness of a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen in the Prevention of Melasma in Asian Pregnant Women" JCDSA J. of Cosmet. Dermatol. Sci. and Applicat., vol. 3, pp. 4-7, Sept. 2013.
[15] M. F. Sato, R. Gomara, R. Pontarolo, I. Andreazza, and M. Zaroni. "Kojic acid in vitro percutaneous penetration study" Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm., vol 43, pp. 195-203, Jun. 2007.
[16] A. Gunia-Krzyżak, J. Popiół, H. Marona, "Melanogenesis Inhibitors: Strategies for Searching for and Evaluation of Active Compounds" Curr. Med. Chem. unpublished.
[17] P. Bozzo, A. Chua-Gocheco, A. Einarson. "Safety of skin care prodcuts during pregnancy" Canadian Family Phisician. vol. 57, pp. 7-14, Jun. 2011.
[18] Martín, J. "Melasma: How to Treat." Perla Terapéutica., vol. 3, pp. 349-53, oct-dec. 2005.
[19] S. Bruce, W. Roberts, C. Teller, L. Colvan. “The Effects of Daily Skincare Regimen on Maintaining the Benefits Obtained from Previous Chemical Rsurfacing Treatments”. J Drugs Dermatol., vol. 15 (9), pp. 1145-1150, sep. 2016.
[20] F. Habibi Tirtash, M. Keshavarzi and F. Fazeli."Antioxidant Components of Fumaria Species (Papaveraceae)" Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 57-60, jan. 2011.
[21] J. Russel. "Topical Therapy for Acne", Am. Fam. Physician., vol. 61, pp. 357-365, jan. 2000.
[22] A. Haider, J. Shaw "Treatment of Acne Vulgaris", JAMA, vol. 292, pp. 726- 735, Aug. 2002.
[23] L. Allen. "Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome" Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 71, pp. 1280S-4S, 2007.
[24] S. Yasmeen, N. Aktar, E. Azim, S. Siddique, S. Shah, M. Chaklader, S. Khatun, R. Debnath, M. Rahman, M. Bari, "Iron Polymaltose Complex in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy". Mymensingh Med J. vol. 25, pp. 506-13, Jul. 2016.
[25] L. Ball, S. Wilkinson "Nutrition care by general practitioners: Enhancing women's health during and after pregnancy" Aust. Fam. Physician. vol. 45, pp. 542-7, Aug. 2016.
[26] O. Mirallas, R. Grimalt, "The Postpartum Telogen Effluvium Fallacy" Skin Appendage Disord. vol. 1, pp. 198-201, May 2016.
[27] A. Glynis, "A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-Perceived Thinning Hair". J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol., vol. 5, pp. 28–34, Nov. 2012.
[28] D. Fenton, J. Wilkinson, "Alopecia areata treated with topical minoxidil" J. R. Soc. Med., vol. 75, pp. 963–965., Dec. 1982
[29] L. Holmes, "Human teratogens: update 2010". Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol., vol. 91, pp. 1-7, Jan. 2011.
[30] A. Scialli, "The Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS) Registry Study" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., vol. 103, pp. 373-6, Feb. 1999.
[31] M. Shahidi Bonjar, L. Shahidi Bonjar, "Antiaging therapy: a prospective hypothesis". Drug Des. Devel. Ther., vol. 9, pp. 663-7, Jan. 2015.
[32] J. McCook, "Topical Products for the Aging Face". Clin. Plast. Surg., vol. 43, pp. 597-604, Jul. 2016.
[33] S. Bruce, "Cosmeceuticals for the attenuation of extrinsic and intrinsic dermal aging". J Drugs Dermatol., vol. 7, pp.17-22, Feb. 2008.
[34] J. Rivers, "The role of cosmeceuticals in antiaging therapy". Skin Therapy Lett. vol. 13, pp. 5-9, Dec. 2008.
[35] R. Pandel, B. Poljšak, A. Godic, R. Dahmane, "Skin photoaging and the role of antioxidants in its prevention". ISRN Dermatol. doi.org/10.1155/2013/930164, 2013.
[36] P. Ganesan, D. Choi, "Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy" Int. J. Nanomedicine. vol. 11, pp. 1987-2007, May 2016.
[37] Z. Draelos, "Cosmeceuticals: undefined, unclassified, and unregulated" Clin. Dermatol, vol. 27, pp. 431-4, May 2009.
[38] K. Lintner, C. Mas-Chamberlin, P. Mondon, O. Peschard, L. Lamy "Cosmeceuticals and active ingredients" Clin. Dermatol, vol. 27, pp. 461-8, Sept 2009.
[39] Z. Draelos, "Cosmeceuticals: efficacy and influence on skin tone". Dermatol. Clin. vol. 32, pp. 137-43, Apr. 2014.
[40] M. Carpenter, "Gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, and late vascular disease". Diabetes Care, vol. 30, pp. 246-50, Jul. 2007.
[41] L. Volpe, G. Di Cianni, C. Lencioni, I. Cuccuru, L. Benzi, S. Del Prato "Gestational diabetes, inflammation, and late vascular disease", J Endocrinol Invest. vol. 30, pp. 873-9, Nov 2007.
[42] T. Pavicic, S. Steckmeier, M. Kerscher, H. Korting, "Evidence-based cosmetics: concepts and applications in photoaging of the skin and xerosis". Wien Klin Wochenschr., vol. 121, pp. 431-9, 2009.
[43] J. Green, J. Cohen, J. Kaufman, A. Metelitsa, M. Kaminer, "Therapeutic approaches to cellulite" Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. vol. 34, pp. 140-3, Sept 2015.
[44] M. Wanner, M. Avram, "An evidence-based assessment of treatments for cellulite". J. Drugs Dermatol. vol. 7, pp. 341-5, Apr. 2008.
[45] M. Khan, F. Victor, B. Rao, N. Sadick, "Treatment of cellulite: Part II. Advances and controversies". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 62, pp. 373-84, Mar. 2010.
[46] M. Khan, F. Victor, B. Rao, N. Sadick, "Treatment of cellulite: Part I. Pathophysiology" J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 62, pp. 361-70, Mar. 2010.
[47] D. Hexsel, M. Soirefmann, "Cosmeceuticals for cellulite" Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg., vol. 30, pp. 167-70, Sep. 2011.
[48] A. Rawlings, "Cellulite and its treatment". Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. vol. 28, pp. 175-90, Jun 2006.
[49] S. Byun, S. Kwon, S. Heo, J. Shim, M. Du, J. Na, "Efficacy of Slimming Cream Containing 3.5% Water-Soluble Caffeine and Xanthenes for the Treatment of Cellulite: Clinical Study and Literature Review", Ann Dermatol., vol. 27, pp. 243-9, Jun 2015.
[50] "Regulation of Skin-Applied Repellents" EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Nov. 2015.
[51] B. Wylie, M. Hauptman, A. Woolf, R. Goldman "Insect Repellants During Pregnancy in the Era of the Zika Virus". Obstet Gynecol. (2016) unpublished.
[52] D. Meaney-Delman, S. Rasmussen, J. Staples, T. Oduyebo, S. Ellington, E. Petersen, M. Fischer, D. Jamieson, "Zika Virus and Pregnancy: What Obstetric Health Care Providers Need to Know" Obstet Gynecol., vol. 127, pp. 642-8, Apr 2016.
[1] "FDA Pregnancy Categories A, B, C, D, X, N Explained. FDA. Aug. 2016.
[2] S. Saraf. "Oral Examination: An important adjunct to the diagnosis of dermatological disorders" International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, vol. 10. pp. 98-106, 2016.
[3] A. Guyton, Human Physiology. 6th ed. vol. 11, pp 1034-1036. 2006.
[4] M. Urasaki, "Skin Physiological Alterations in Pregnant Women of Public System Health", Acta Pal. Enfer., vol. 23, pp 519-25, March 2010.
[5] "Final report of the safety assessment of Urea", Int J Toxicol. vol. 24, pp. 1-56, 2005.
[6] G. Leonardi, L. Gaspar, and P. Campos. "Study of pH Variation of Human Skin Expose to Cosmetics with Vitamin A, E or Ceramide." An. Bras. Dermatol., vol. 77, pp. 563-69, Oct. 2002.
[7] M. L. Elsaie, L. S. Baumann, L. T. Elsaaiee "Striae distensae (stretch marks) and different modalities of therapy: an update". Dermatol. Surg., vol. 35(4), pp. 563-73, Apr. 2009.
[8] S. Sachdeva, "The dermatoses of pregnancy" Indian J. Dermatol. vol. 53, pp. 103-105, 2008.
[9] Babamiri, K., and R. Nassab. "Cosmeceuticals: the evidence behind the retinoids" National Center for Biotechnology Information, vol. 30, pp. 74-77, Jan. 2010.
[10] K. Ball Arefiev, B. Hantash, "Advances in the treatment of melasma: a review of the recent literature" Dermatol. Surg., vol. 38, pp. 971-84, Jul. 2012.
[11] K. Purim and M. Avelar, "Photoprotection, Melasma and Quality of Life in Pregnant Woman." Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet., vol. 34, pp. 228-34, may. 2012.
[12] R. Lucas, M. Norval, C. Wright, "Solar ultraviolet radiation in Africa: a systematic review and critical evaluation of the health risks and use of photoprotection". Photochem Photobiol Sci., vol. 15, pp. 10-23, Dec. 2016.
[13] K. Jallad, "Chemical characterization of sunscreens composition and its related potential adverse health effects" J. Cosmet. Dermatol., unpublished.
[14] S. Seité and S. B. Park. "Effectiveness of a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen in the Prevention of Melasma in Asian Pregnant Women" JCDSA J. of Cosmet. Dermatol. Sci. and Applicat., vol. 3, pp. 4-7, Sept. 2013.
[15] M. F. Sato, R. Gomara, R. Pontarolo, I. Andreazza, and M. Zaroni. "Kojic acid in vitro percutaneous penetration study" Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm., vol 43, pp. 195-203, Jun. 2007.
[16] A. Gunia-Krzyżak, J. Popiół, H. Marona, "Melanogenesis Inhibitors: Strategies for Searching for and Evaluation of Active Compounds" Curr. Med. Chem. unpublished.
[17] P. Bozzo, A. Chua-Gocheco, A. Einarson. "Safety of skin care prodcuts during pregnancy" Canadian Family Phisician. vol. 57, pp. 7-14, Jun. 2011.
[18] Martín, J. "Melasma: How to Treat." Perla Terapéutica., vol. 3, pp. 349-53, oct-dec. 2005.
[19] S. Bruce, W. Roberts, C. Teller, L. Colvan. “The Effects of Daily Skincare Regimen on Maintaining the Benefits Obtained from Previous Chemical Rsurfacing Treatments”. J Drugs Dermatol., vol. 15 (9), pp. 1145-1150, sep. 2016.
[20] F. Habibi Tirtash, M. Keshavarzi and F. Fazeli."Antioxidant Components of Fumaria Species (Papaveraceae)" Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 57-60, jan. 2011.
[21] J. Russel. "Topical Therapy for Acne", Am. Fam. Physician., vol. 61, pp. 357-365, jan. 2000.
[22] A. Haider, J. Shaw "Treatment of Acne Vulgaris", JAMA, vol. 292, pp. 726- 735, Aug. 2002.
[23] L. Allen. "Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome" Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 71, pp. 1280S-4S, 2007.
[24] S. Yasmeen, N. Aktar, E. Azim, S. Siddique, S. Shah, M. Chaklader, S. Khatun, R. Debnath, M. Rahman, M. Bari, "Iron Polymaltose Complex in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy". Mymensingh Med J. vol. 25, pp. 506-13, Jul. 2016.
[25] L. Ball, S. Wilkinson "Nutrition care by general practitioners: Enhancing women's health during and after pregnancy" Aust. Fam. Physician. vol. 45, pp. 542-7, Aug. 2016.
[26] O. Mirallas, R. Grimalt, "The Postpartum Telogen Effluvium Fallacy" Skin Appendage Disord. vol. 1, pp. 198-201, May 2016.
[27] A. Glynis, "A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-Perceived Thinning Hair". J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol., vol. 5, pp. 28–34, Nov. 2012.
[28] D. Fenton, J. Wilkinson, "Alopecia areata treated with topical minoxidil" J. R. Soc. Med., vol. 75, pp. 963–965., Dec. 1982
[29] L. Holmes, "Human teratogens: update 2010". Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol., vol. 91, pp. 1-7, Jan. 2011.
[30] A. Scialli, "The Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS) Registry Study" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., vol. 103, pp. 373-6, Feb. 1999.
[31] M. Shahidi Bonjar, L. Shahidi Bonjar, "Antiaging therapy: a prospective hypothesis". Drug Des. Devel. Ther., vol. 9, pp. 663-7, Jan. 2015.
[32] J. McCook, "Topical Products for the Aging Face". Clin. Plast. Surg., vol. 43, pp. 597-604, Jul. 2016.
[33] S. Bruce, "Cosmeceuticals for the attenuation of extrinsic and intrinsic dermal aging". J Drugs Dermatol., vol. 7, pp.17-22, Feb. 2008.
[34] J. Rivers, "The role of cosmeceuticals in antiaging therapy". Skin Therapy Lett. vol. 13, pp. 5-9, Dec. 2008.
[35] R. Pandel, B. Poljšak, A. Godic, R. Dahmane, "Skin photoaging and the role of antioxidants in its prevention". ISRN Dermatol. doi.org/10.1155/2013/930164, 2013.
[36] P. Ganesan, D. Choi, "Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy" Int. J. Nanomedicine. vol. 11, pp. 1987-2007, May 2016.
[37] Z. Draelos, "Cosmeceuticals: undefined, unclassified, and unregulated" Clin. Dermatol, vol. 27, pp. 431-4, May 2009.
[38] K. Lintner, C. Mas-Chamberlin, P. Mondon, O. Peschard, L. Lamy "Cosmeceuticals and active ingredients" Clin. Dermatol, vol. 27, pp. 461-8, Sept 2009.
[39] Z. Draelos, "Cosmeceuticals: efficacy and influence on skin tone". Dermatol. Clin. vol. 32, pp. 137-43, Apr. 2014.
[40] M. Carpenter, "Gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, and late vascular disease". Diabetes Care, vol. 30, pp. 246-50, Jul. 2007.
[41] L. Volpe, G. Di Cianni, C. Lencioni, I. Cuccuru, L. Benzi, S. Del Prato "Gestational diabetes, inflammation, and late vascular disease", J Endocrinol Invest. vol. 30, pp. 873-9, Nov 2007.
[42] T. Pavicic, S. Steckmeier, M. Kerscher, H. Korting, "Evidence-based cosmetics: concepts and applications in photoaging of the skin and xerosis". Wien Klin Wochenschr., vol. 121, pp. 431-9, 2009.
[43] J. Green, J. Cohen, J. Kaufman, A. Metelitsa, M. Kaminer, "Therapeutic approaches to cellulite" Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. vol. 34, pp. 140-3, Sept 2015.
[44] M. Wanner, M. Avram, "An evidence-based assessment of treatments for cellulite". J. Drugs Dermatol. vol. 7, pp. 341-5, Apr. 2008.
[45] M. Khan, F. Victor, B. Rao, N. Sadick, "Treatment of cellulite: Part II. Advances and controversies". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 62, pp. 373-84, Mar. 2010.
[46] M. Khan, F. Victor, B. Rao, N. Sadick, "Treatment of cellulite: Part I. Pathophysiology" J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 62, pp. 361-70, Mar. 2010.
[47] D. Hexsel, M. Soirefmann, "Cosmeceuticals for cellulite" Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg., vol. 30, pp. 167-70, Sep. 2011.
[48] A. Rawlings, "Cellulite and its treatment". Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. vol. 28, pp. 175-90, Jun 2006.
[49] S. Byun, S. Kwon, S. Heo, J. Shim, M. Du, J. Na, "Efficacy of Slimming Cream Containing 3.5% Water-Soluble Caffeine and Xanthenes for the Treatment of Cellulite: Clinical Study and Literature Review", Ann Dermatol., vol. 27, pp. 243-9, Jun 2015.
[50] "Regulation of Skin-Applied Repellents" EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Nov. 2015.
[51] B. Wylie, M. Hauptman, A. Woolf, R. Goldman "Insect Repellants During Pregnancy in the Era of the Zika Virus". Obstet Gynecol. (2016) unpublished.
[52] D. Meaney-Delman, S. Rasmussen, J. Staples, T. Oduyebo, S. Ellington, E. Petersen, M. Fischer, D. Jamieson, "Zika Virus and Pregnancy: What Obstetric Health Care Providers Need to Know" Obstet Gynecol., vol. 127, pp. 642-8, Apr 2016.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:74965", author = "Daniela F. Maluf and Fernanda Roters and Luma C. F. Silva", title = "Current Cosmetic Treatments in Pregnancy", abstract = "The goal of this work is to report the main dermatological alterations occurring during pregnancy and actual cosmetic protocols available and recommended for safe use. Throughout pregnancy, woman's body undergoes many transformations such as hormonal changes and weight gain. These alterations can result in undesirable skin aspects that end up affecting the future mother's life. The main complaints of pregnant women involve melasma advent, varicose veins, edema, and natural skin aging. Even if most of the time is recommended to wait for the birth to use cosmetics, there are some alternatives to prevent and to treat these alterations during pregnancy. For all these cases, there is a need to update information about safety and efficacy of new actives and technologies in cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review about the main skin alterations during pregnancy and actual recommended treatments, according to the current legislation.
", keywords = "Pregnancy, cosmetic, treatment, physiological changes.", volume = "11", number = "3", pages = "104-7", }
