Comparison between Batteries and Fuel Cells for Photovoltaic System Backup
Batteries and fuel cells contain a great potential to back up severe photovoltaic power fluctuations under inclement weather conditions. In this paper comparison between batteries and fuel cells is carried out in detail only for their PV power backup options, so their common attributes and different attributes is discussed. Then, the common and different attributes are compared; accordingly, the fuel cell is selected as the backup of Photovoltaic system. Finally, environmental evaluation of the selected hybrid plant was made in terms of plant-s land requirement and lifetime CO2 emissions, and then compared with that of the conventional fossilfuel power generating forms.
[1] J.W. Hurwitch and C.A. Carpenter, ÔÇÿTechnology and Application
Options for Future Battery Power Regulation-, IEEE Transactions on
Energy Conversion, Vol. 6, No. 1, March 1991, pp. 216-223.
[2] D. Kottick, M. Blau and D. Edelstein, ÔÇÿBattery Energy Storage for
Frequency Regulation in an Island Power System-, IEEE Transactions
on Energy Conversion, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 1993, pp. 455-458.
[3] H.J. Kunisch, K.G. Kramer and H. Dominik, ÔÇÿBattery Energy Storage:
Another Option for Load-Frequency-Control and Instantaneous
Reserve-, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC-1, No. 3,
September 1986, pp. 41-46.
[4] M. Hsu, ÔÇÿZtek-s Ultra-High Efficiency Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine System for
Distributed Generation-, 1996 Fuel Cell Seminar, Nov. 17-20, 1996,
Orlando, Florida, pp. 183-186.
[5] R.C. Ruhl, M.A. Petrik and T.L. Cable, ÔÇÿStatus of the TMI Systems-,
1996 Fuel Cell Seminar, Nov. 17-20, 1996, Orlando, Florida, pp. 187-
189.
[6] W. Shireen and M.S. Arefeen, ÔÇÿAn Utility Interactive Power Electronics
Interface for Alternate/Renewable Energy Systems-, ÔÇÿ, IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 1996,
pp. 643-648.
[7] K. Tam, P. Kumar and M. Foreman, ÔÇÿEnhancing the Utilization of
Photovoltaic Power Generation by Superconductive Magnetic Energy
Storage-, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 4, No. 3,
September 1989, pp. 314-321.
[8] ÔÇÿFedral Technology Alert - Natural Gas Fuel Cells-, 1996,
http://w3.pnl.gov:2080/fta/5_nat.htm.
[9] Technology Transition Corporation, ÔÇÿThe Entry Market for Fuel Cells-,
1996, http://www. corp.com/fccg/fcmabstr.htm
[10] H. Matsuda, ÔÇÿInterconnecting Dispersed Photovoltaic Power Generation
Systems with Existing Utility Grid: A Study at ROKKO Inland Test
Facility, Japan-, Int. J. Sola r Energy, 1992, Vol. 13, pp. 1-10.
[11] S. Matsumoto et al., ÔÇÿPerformance Model of Molten Carbonate Fuel
Cell-, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC-5, No. 2, June
1990, pp. 252-257.
[12] H. Schaefer and G. Hagedorn, ÔÇÿHidden Energy and Correlated
Environmental Characteristics of PV Power Generation-, Renewable
Energy, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 159-166, 1992.
[13] L.J. Blomen and M.N. Mugerwa, Fuel Cell Systems, Plenum Press, New
York, 1993.
[14] G. Marland, ÔÇÿCarbon Dioxide Emission Rates for Conventional and
Synthetic Fuels-, Energy, Vol. 8, No. 12, 1983,pp.981-992.
[1] J.W. Hurwitch and C.A. Carpenter, ÔÇÿTechnology and Application
Options for Future Battery Power Regulation-, IEEE Transactions on
Energy Conversion, Vol. 6, No. 1, March 1991, pp. 216-223.
[2] D. Kottick, M. Blau and D. Edelstein, ÔÇÿBattery Energy Storage for
Frequency Regulation in an Island Power System-, IEEE Transactions
on Energy Conversion, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 1993, pp. 455-458.
[3] H.J. Kunisch, K.G. Kramer and H. Dominik, ÔÇÿBattery Energy Storage:
Another Option for Load-Frequency-Control and Instantaneous
Reserve-, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC-1, No. 3,
September 1986, pp. 41-46.
[4] M. Hsu, ÔÇÿZtek-s Ultra-High Efficiency Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine System for
Distributed Generation-, 1996 Fuel Cell Seminar, Nov. 17-20, 1996,
Orlando, Florida, pp. 183-186.
[5] R.C. Ruhl, M.A. Petrik and T.L. Cable, ÔÇÿStatus of the TMI Systems-,
1996 Fuel Cell Seminar, Nov. 17-20, 1996, Orlando, Florida, pp. 187-
189.
[6] W. Shireen and M.S. Arefeen, ÔÇÿAn Utility Interactive Power Electronics
Interface for Alternate/Renewable Energy Systems-, ÔÇÿ, IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 1996,
pp. 643-648.
[7] K. Tam, P. Kumar and M. Foreman, ÔÇÿEnhancing the Utilization of
Photovoltaic Power Generation by Superconductive Magnetic Energy
Storage-, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 4, No. 3,
September 1989, pp. 314-321.
[8] ÔÇÿFedral Technology Alert - Natural Gas Fuel Cells-, 1996,
http://w3.pnl.gov:2080/fta/5_nat.htm.
[9] Technology Transition Corporation, ÔÇÿThe Entry Market for Fuel Cells-,
1996, http://www. corp.com/fccg/fcmabstr.htm
[10] H. Matsuda, ÔÇÿInterconnecting Dispersed Photovoltaic Power Generation
Systems with Existing Utility Grid: A Study at ROKKO Inland Test
Facility, Japan-, Int. J. Sola r Energy, 1992, Vol. 13, pp. 1-10.
[11] S. Matsumoto et al., ÔÇÿPerformance Model of Molten Carbonate Fuel
Cell-, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC-5, No. 2, June
1990, pp. 252-257.
[12] H. Schaefer and G. Hagedorn, ÔÇÿHidden Energy and Correlated
Environmental Characteristics of PV Power Generation-, Renewable
Energy, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 159-166, 1992.
[13] L.J. Blomen and M.N. Mugerwa, Fuel Cell Systems, Plenum Press, New
York, 1993.
[14] G. Marland, ÔÇÿCarbon Dioxide Emission Rates for Conventional and
Synthetic Fuels-, Energy, Vol. 8, No. 12, 1983,pp.981-992.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:54905", author = "M. Sedighizadeh and A. Rezazadeh", title = "Comparison between Batteries and Fuel Cells for Photovoltaic System Backup", abstract = "Batteries and fuel cells contain a great potential to back up severe photovoltaic power fluctuations under inclement weather conditions. In this paper comparison between batteries and fuel cells is carried out in detail only for their PV power backup options, so their common attributes and different attributes is discussed. Then, the common and different attributes are compared; accordingly, the fuel cell is selected as the backup of Photovoltaic system. Finally, environmental evaluation of the selected hybrid plant was made in terms of plant-s land requirement and lifetime CO2 emissions, and then compared with that of the conventional fossilfuel power generating forms.
", keywords = "Fuel cell, PV cell, hybrid power plant.", volume = "1", number = "12", pages = "1813-5", }
