Communities of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Enriched Nitrifying Activated Sludge
In this study, communities of ammonia-oxidizing
archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrifying
activated sludge (NAS) prepared by enriching sludge from a
municipal wastewater treatment plant in three continuous-flow
reactors receiving an inorganic medium containing different
ammonium concentrations of 2, 10, and 30 mM NH4
+-N (NAS2,
NAS10, and NAS30, respectively) were investigated using molecular
analysis. Results suggested that almost all AOA clones from NAS2,
NAS10, and NAS30 fell into the same AOA cluster and AOA
communities in NAS2 and NAS10 were more diverse than those of
NAS30. In contrast to AOA, AOB communities obviously shifted
from the seed sludge to enriched NASs and in each enriched NAS,
communities of AOB varied particularly. The seed sludge contained
members of N. communis cluster and N. oligotropha cluster. After it
was enriched under various ammonium loads, members of N.
communis cluster disappeared from all enriched NASs. AOB with
high affinity to ammonia presented in NAS 2, AOB with low affinity
to ammonia presented in NAS 30, and both types of AOB survived in
NAS 10. These demonstrated that ammonium load significantly
influenced AOB communities, but not AOA communities in enriched
NASs.
[1] Venter, J.C., Remington, K., Heidelberg, J.F., Halper, A.L., Rusc, D.,
Eisen, J.A. Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso
Sea. Science 304 (2004): 66-74.
[2] Treusch, A.H., Leininger, S., Kletzin, A., Schuster, S.C., Klenk, H.P.,
Schleper, C. Novel genes or nitrite reductase and Amo-related proteins
indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen
cycling. Environmental Microbiology 7 (2005): 1985-1995.
[3] Konneke, M., Bernhard, A.E., de la Torre, J.R., Walker, C.B.,
Waterbury, J.B., Stahl D.A. Isolation of an autotrophic ammoniaoxidizing
marine archaeon. Nature 437 (2005): 543-546.
[4] Wuchter, C., Abbas, B., Coolen, M.J.L., Herfort, L., van Bleijswijk, J.,
Timmers, P. Archaeal nitrification in the ocean. Proceeding of the
National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006): 12317-12322.
[5] Leininger, S., Urich, T., Schloter, M., Schwark, L., Qi, J., Nicol, G.W.
Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils.
Nature 442 (2006): 806-809.
[6] Park, H.D, Wells, G.F., Bae, H., Criddle, C.S., Francis, C.A. Occurrence
of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in wastewater treatment plant bioreactors.
Applied and Environment Microbiology 72 (2006): 5643-5647.
[7] Koops, H.P., and Pommerening-Roser A. Distribution and
ecophysiology of the nitrifying bacteria emphasizing cultured species.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 37 (2001): 1-9.
[8] Limpiyakorn, T., Kurisu, F., Sakamoto, Y., and Yagi, O. Effects of
ammonium and nitrite on communities and populations of ammoniaoxidizing
bacteria in laboratory-scale continuous-flow reactors. FEMS
Microbiology Ecology 60 (2007): 501-512.
[9] Francis, C.A., Roberts, K.J., Beman, J.M., Santoro, A.E., Oakley, B.B.
Ubiquity and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in water columns
and sediments of the ocean. Proceeding of the National Academy of
Sciences USA 102 (2005): 14683-14688.
[10] Schloss, P.D., and Handelsman, J. Introducing DOTUR, a
computerprogram for defining operational taxonomic units and
estimating speciesrichness. Applied and Environment Microbiology 71
(2005): 1501-1506.
[11] Kowalchuk, G.A. Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the
βsubdivision of the class Proteobacteria in costal sand dunes by
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of PCRamplified
16S ribosomal DNA fragments. Applied and Environment
Microbiology 63, 4 (1997): 1489-1497.
[12] Koops, H. P., Purkhold, U., Pommeren, R. A., Timmermann, G., and
Wagner, M. The Lithoautotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria. M.
Dworkin et al (eds.), The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource
For the Microbiological Community, 1-22. New York, 2003.
[13] Torre, José R., Christopher B. Walker, Anitra E. Ingalls, Martin
Könneke, and David A. Stahl. Cultivation of a thermophilic ammonia
oxidizingarchaeon synthesizing crenarchaeol. Environmental
Microbiology 10,1 (2008): 810-818.
[14] Santoro, A.E., Francis, C.A., de Sieyes, N.R., and Boehm, A.B. Shifts in
the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea
across physicochemical gradients in a subterranean estuary.
Environmental Microbioogy 10 (2008): 1068-1079.
[15] Limpiyakorn T., Shinihara, Y., Kurisu, F., and Yagi, O. Communities of
ammonia oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of various sewage
treatment plants in Tokyo. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 54 (2005):
205-117.
[1] Venter, J.C., Remington, K., Heidelberg, J.F., Halper, A.L., Rusc, D.,
Eisen, J.A. Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso
Sea. Science 304 (2004): 66-74.
[2] Treusch, A.H., Leininger, S., Kletzin, A., Schuster, S.C., Klenk, H.P.,
Schleper, C. Novel genes or nitrite reductase and Amo-related proteins
indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen
cycling. Environmental Microbiology 7 (2005): 1985-1995.
[3] Konneke, M., Bernhard, A.E., de la Torre, J.R., Walker, C.B.,
Waterbury, J.B., Stahl D.A. Isolation of an autotrophic ammoniaoxidizing
marine archaeon. Nature 437 (2005): 543-546.
[4] Wuchter, C., Abbas, B., Coolen, M.J.L., Herfort, L., van Bleijswijk, J.,
Timmers, P. Archaeal nitrification in the ocean. Proceeding of the
National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006): 12317-12322.
[5] Leininger, S., Urich, T., Schloter, M., Schwark, L., Qi, J., Nicol, G.W.
Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils.
Nature 442 (2006): 806-809.
[6] Park, H.D, Wells, G.F., Bae, H., Criddle, C.S., Francis, C.A. Occurrence
of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in wastewater treatment plant bioreactors.
Applied and Environment Microbiology 72 (2006): 5643-5647.
[7] Koops, H.P., and Pommerening-Roser A. Distribution and
ecophysiology of the nitrifying bacteria emphasizing cultured species.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 37 (2001): 1-9.
[8] Limpiyakorn, T., Kurisu, F., Sakamoto, Y., and Yagi, O. Effects of
ammonium and nitrite on communities and populations of ammoniaoxidizing
bacteria in laboratory-scale continuous-flow reactors. FEMS
Microbiology Ecology 60 (2007): 501-512.
[9] Francis, C.A., Roberts, K.J., Beman, J.M., Santoro, A.E., Oakley, B.B.
Ubiquity and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in water columns
and sediments of the ocean. Proceeding of the National Academy of
Sciences USA 102 (2005): 14683-14688.
[10] Schloss, P.D., and Handelsman, J. Introducing DOTUR, a
computerprogram for defining operational taxonomic units and
estimating speciesrichness. Applied and Environment Microbiology 71
(2005): 1501-1506.
[11] Kowalchuk, G.A. Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the
βsubdivision of the class Proteobacteria in costal sand dunes by
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of PCRamplified
16S ribosomal DNA fragments. Applied and Environment
Microbiology 63, 4 (1997): 1489-1497.
[12] Koops, H. P., Purkhold, U., Pommeren, R. A., Timmermann, G., and
Wagner, M. The Lithoautotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria. M.
Dworkin et al (eds.), The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource
For the Microbiological Community, 1-22. New York, 2003.
[13] Torre, José R., Christopher B. Walker, Anitra E. Ingalls, Martin
Könneke, and David A. Stahl. Cultivation of a thermophilic ammonia
oxidizingarchaeon synthesizing crenarchaeol. Environmental
Microbiology 10,1 (2008): 810-818.
[14] Santoro, A.E., Francis, C.A., de Sieyes, N.R., and Boehm, A.B. Shifts in
the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea
across physicochemical gradients in a subterranean estuary.
Environmental Microbioogy 10 (2008): 1068-1079.
[15] Limpiyakorn T., Shinihara, Y., Kurisu, F., and Yagi, O. Communities of
ammonia oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of various sewage
treatment plants in Tokyo. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 54 (2005):
205-117.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61139", author = "Puntipar Sonthiphand and Tawan Limpiyakorn", title = "Communities of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Enriched Nitrifying Activated Sludge", abstract = "In this study, communities of ammonia-oxidizing
archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrifying
activated sludge (NAS) prepared by enriching sludge from a
municipal wastewater treatment plant in three continuous-flow
reactors receiving an inorganic medium containing different
ammonium concentrations of 2, 10, and 30 mM NH4
+-N (NAS2,
NAS10, and NAS30, respectively) were investigated using molecular
analysis. Results suggested that almost all AOA clones from NAS2,
NAS10, and NAS30 fell into the same AOA cluster and AOA
communities in NAS2 and NAS10 were more diverse than those of
NAS30. In contrast to AOA, AOB communities obviously shifted
from the seed sludge to enriched NASs and in each enriched NAS,
communities of AOB varied particularly. The seed sludge contained
members of N. communis cluster and N. oligotropha cluster. After it
was enriched under various ammonium loads, members of N.
communis cluster disappeared from all enriched NASs. AOB with
high affinity to ammonia presented in NAS 2, AOB with low affinity
to ammonia presented in NAS 30, and both types of AOB survived in
NAS 10. These demonstrated that ammonium load significantly
influenced AOB communities, but not AOA communities in enriched
NASs.", keywords = "ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizingarchaea, nitrifying activated sludge.", volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "206-4", }