Co-Pyrolysis of Olive Pomace with Plastic Wastes and Characterization of Pyrolysis Products
Waste polyethylene (PE) is classified as waste low
density polyethylene (LDPE) and waste high density polyethylene
(HDPE) according to their densities. Pyrolysis of plastic waste may
have an important role in dealing with the enormous amounts of
plastic waste produced all over the world, by decreasing their
negative impact on the environment. This waste may be converted
into economically valuable hydrocarbons, which can be used both as
fuels and as feed stock in the petrochemical industry. End product
yields and properties depend on the plastic waste composition.
Pyrolytic biochar is one of the most important products of waste
plastics pyrolysis. In this study, HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes were
co-pyrolyzed together with waste olive pomace. Pyrolysis runs were
performed at temperature 700°C with heating rates of 5°C/min.
Higher pyrolysis oil and gas yields were observed by the using waste
olive pomace. The biochar yields of HDPE- olive pomace and LDPEolive
pomace were 6.37% and 7.26% respectively for 50% olive
pomace doses. The calorific value of HDPE-olive pomace and
LDPE-olive pomace of pyrolysis oil were 8350 and 8495 kCal.
[1] McKendry P. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of
biomass. Bioresource Technol 2002;83(1):37-46.
[2] Yang HP, Yan R, Chen HP, Lee DH, Zheng CG. Characteristics of
hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 2007;86(12-13):1781-
8.
[3] Seo DK, Park SS, Hwang J, Yu TU. Study of the pyrolysis of biomass
using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and concentration
measurements of the evolved species. J Anal Appl Pyrol 2010;89(1):66-
73.
[4] Bridgwater AV. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product
upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy 2012;38:68-94.
[5] Manya JJ, Velo E, Puigjaner L. Kinetics of biomass pyrolysis: a
reformulated three-parallel-reactions model. Ind Eng Chem Res
2003;42(3):434-41.
[6] Varhegyi G, Antal MJ, Jakab E, Szabo P. Kinetic modeling of biomass
pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 1997;42(1):73-87.
[7] Raveendran K, Ganesh A, Khilar KC. Influence of mineral matter on
biomass pyrolysis characteristics. Fuel 1995;74(12):1812-22.
[8] Sanchez-Silva L, Lopez-Gonzalez D, Villasenor J, Sanchez P, Valverde
JL. Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric analysis of lignocellulosic
and marine biomass pyrolysis. Bioresource Technol 2012;109:163-72.
[9] Novak, J.M., Busscher, W.J., Laird, D.A., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D.W.,
Niandou, M.A.S.,2009. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a
Southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Sci. 174, 105–112.
[10] Ro, K.S., Cantrell, K.B., Hunt, P.G., Ducey, T.F., Vanotti, M.B., Szogi,
A.A., 2009. Thermochemical conversion of livestock wastes:
carbonization of swine solids. Bioresource Technol. 100, 5466–5471.
[11] Sun, K., Ro, K.S., Guo, M., Novak, J.M., Mashayekhi, H., Xing, B.,
2011. Sorption of bisphenol A, 17a-ethinyl estradiol and phenanthrene
on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars. Bioresource
Technol. 102, 5757–5763.
[12] Sun, K., Gao, B., Ro, K.S., Novak, J.M., Wang, Z., Herbert, S., Xing,
B., 2012. Assessment of herbicide sorption by biochars and organic
matter associated with soil and sediment. Environ. Poll. 163, 167–173.
[13] Batchelor, B., O’Grady, R., Hayes, B., 2012. Costs sill an issue, but
interest in biochar for soil health grows. Aust. Farm J., 6–8.
[14] Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, A., Marco, I., Caballero, B.M., Laresgoiti,
M.F., Adrados, A.,2012. Catalytic stepwise pyrolysis of packaging
plastic waste, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 96, 54–62.
[15] Öksüz, U., 2006. “Polietilen atıkların pirolizi sonucu oluşan sıvı
ürünlerin oksidasyonu”. Yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen
Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 29 s., Ankara.
[16] Siddiqui, M. N. and Redhwi, H. H. 2009. Catalytic coprocessing of
waste plastics and petroleum residue into liquid fuel oils, Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol.86; pp. 141-147.
[17] Gil, M.V., Fermoso, J., Pevida, C., Pis, J.J., Rubiera, F., 2010. Intrinsic
char reactivity of plastic waste (PET) during CO2 gasification, Fuel
Processing Technology, 91, 1776–1781.
[18] Brems, A., Baeyens, J., Dewil, R., 2012. Recycling and recovery of
post-consumer plastic solid waste in a European context, Thermal
Science, 16, 669-685.
[19] Kurbanova, R., Mirzaoglu, R, Karatas, İ., Ucan İ., 1997. Polimer ve
Plastikler Teknolojisi, Selcuk University Publications, 31-50, Konya.
[20] Plastic Bottle Recycling in the UK, WRAP, March, 2002.
[21] An Analysis of Plastic Consumption and Recovery inWestern Europe
2000, APME, Spring, 2002.
[22] An Analysis of Plastic Consumption and Recovery in Western Europe
2001/2, APME, Summer, 2003.
[23] Plastic packaging consumption waste and recycling (September, 1996)
Information System on Plastic.
[24] T. Nelson,Waste management in Europe, European Overview2000 Data,
Sofres for APME, March 2002.
[25] A. Tukker, Grootschalige thermo-chemische verwerking van
kunststofaval, TNO report, 1993–94, pp. (93–381).
[26] A. Tukker, Chemical recycling of plastic waste (PVC and other resins),
TNO report, 1999, (STB-99-55). [8] A. Tukker, Best practices for the
mechanical recycling of post-user plastics, Appendices, TNO report for
APME, 2000.
[27] Cit, I., Sinag, A., Yumak, T., Ucar, S., Misirlioglu, Z., & Canel, M.
(2010). Comparative pyrolysis of polyolefins (PP and LDPE) and PET.
Polymer Bulletin, 64(8), 817-834. doi: 10.1007/s00289-009-0225-x
[28] Mohan D, Pittman CU, Steele PH. Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for biooil:
a critical review. Energ Fuel 2006;20(3):848-89.
[29] Thunman H, Niklasson F, Johnsson F, Leckner B. Composition of
volatile gases and thermochemical properties of wood for modeling of
fixed or fluidized beds. Energ Fuel 2001;15(6):1488-97.
[30] Gomez-Barea A, Leckner B. Modeling of biomass gasification in
fluidized bed. Prog Energ Combust 2010;36(4):444-509.
[31] Kersten SRA, Wang XQ, Prins W, van Swaaij WPM. Biomass pyrolysis
in a fluidized bed reactor. Part 1: literature review and model
simulations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005;44(23):8773-85.
[32] Roberts AF. Review of kinetics data for pyrolysis of wood and related
substances. Combust Flame 1970;14(1e3):261-72.
[33] Antal MJ. Effects of reactor severity on the gas-phase pyrolysis of
cellulose-derived and kraft lignin-derived volatile matter. Ind Eng Chem
Prod Rd 1983;22(2):366-75.
[34] Ranzi E, Cuoci A, Faravelli T, Frassoldati A, Migliavacca G, Pierucci S,
et al. Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis. Energ Fuel
2008;22(6):4292-300.
[35] Di Blasi C. Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and
biomass pyrolysis. Prog Energ Combust 2008;34(1):47-90.
[36] Williams PT, Slane E. Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and
liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures. J Anal Appl
Pyrolysis 2007;51 (4):754–69.
[1] McKendry P. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of
biomass. Bioresource Technol 2002;83(1):37-46.
[2] Yang HP, Yan R, Chen HP, Lee DH, Zheng CG. Characteristics of
hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 2007;86(12-13):1781-
8.
[3] Seo DK, Park SS, Hwang J, Yu TU. Study of the pyrolysis of biomass
using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and concentration
measurements of the evolved species. J Anal Appl Pyrol 2010;89(1):66-
73.
[4] Bridgwater AV. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product
upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy 2012;38:68-94.
[5] Manya JJ, Velo E, Puigjaner L. Kinetics of biomass pyrolysis: a
reformulated three-parallel-reactions model. Ind Eng Chem Res
2003;42(3):434-41.
[6] Varhegyi G, Antal MJ, Jakab E, Szabo P. Kinetic modeling of biomass
pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 1997;42(1):73-87.
[7] Raveendran K, Ganesh A, Khilar KC. Influence of mineral matter on
biomass pyrolysis characteristics. Fuel 1995;74(12):1812-22.
[8] Sanchez-Silva L, Lopez-Gonzalez D, Villasenor J, Sanchez P, Valverde
JL. Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric analysis of lignocellulosic
and marine biomass pyrolysis. Bioresource Technol 2012;109:163-72.
[9] Novak, J.M., Busscher, W.J., Laird, D.A., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D.W.,
Niandou, M.A.S.,2009. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a
Southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Sci. 174, 105–112.
[10] Ro, K.S., Cantrell, K.B., Hunt, P.G., Ducey, T.F., Vanotti, M.B., Szogi,
A.A., 2009. Thermochemical conversion of livestock wastes:
carbonization of swine solids. Bioresource Technol. 100, 5466–5471.
[11] Sun, K., Ro, K.S., Guo, M., Novak, J.M., Mashayekhi, H., Xing, B.,
2011. Sorption of bisphenol A, 17a-ethinyl estradiol and phenanthrene
on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars. Bioresource
Technol. 102, 5757–5763.
[12] Sun, K., Gao, B., Ro, K.S., Novak, J.M., Wang, Z., Herbert, S., Xing,
B., 2012. Assessment of herbicide sorption by biochars and organic
matter associated with soil and sediment. Environ. Poll. 163, 167–173.
[13] Batchelor, B., O’Grady, R., Hayes, B., 2012. Costs sill an issue, but
interest in biochar for soil health grows. Aust. Farm J., 6–8.
[14] Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, A., Marco, I., Caballero, B.M., Laresgoiti,
M.F., Adrados, A.,2012. Catalytic stepwise pyrolysis of packaging
plastic waste, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 96, 54–62.
[15] Öksüz, U., 2006. “Polietilen atıkların pirolizi sonucu oluşan sıvı
ürünlerin oksidasyonu”. Yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen
Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 29 s., Ankara.
[16] Siddiqui, M. N. and Redhwi, H. H. 2009. Catalytic coprocessing of
waste plastics and petroleum residue into liquid fuel oils, Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol.86; pp. 141-147.
[17] Gil, M.V., Fermoso, J., Pevida, C., Pis, J.J., Rubiera, F., 2010. Intrinsic
char reactivity of plastic waste (PET) during CO2 gasification, Fuel
Processing Technology, 91, 1776–1781.
[18] Brems, A., Baeyens, J., Dewil, R., 2012. Recycling and recovery of
post-consumer plastic solid waste in a European context, Thermal
Science, 16, 669-685.
[19] Kurbanova, R., Mirzaoglu, R, Karatas, İ., Ucan İ., 1997. Polimer ve
Plastikler Teknolojisi, Selcuk University Publications, 31-50, Konya.
[20] Plastic Bottle Recycling in the UK, WRAP, March, 2002.
[21] An Analysis of Plastic Consumption and Recovery inWestern Europe
2000, APME, Spring, 2002.
[22] An Analysis of Plastic Consumption and Recovery in Western Europe
2001/2, APME, Summer, 2003.
[23] Plastic packaging consumption waste and recycling (September, 1996)
Information System on Plastic.
[24] T. Nelson,Waste management in Europe, European Overview2000 Data,
Sofres for APME, March 2002.
[25] A. Tukker, Grootschalige thermo-chemische verwerking van
kunststofaval, TNO report, 1993–94, pp. (93–381).
[26] A. Tukker, Chemical recycling of plastic waste (PVC and other resins),
TNO report, 1999, (STB-99-55). [8] A. Tukker, Best practices for the
mechanical recycling of post-user plastics, Appendices, TNO report for
APME, 2000.
[27] Cit, I., Sinag, A., Yumak, T., Ucar, S., Misirlioglu, Z., & Canel, M.
(2010). Comparative pyrolysis of polyolefins (PP and LDPE) and PET.
Polymer Bulletin, 64(8), 817-834. doi: 10.1007/s00289-009-0225-x
[28] Mohan D, Pittman CU, Steele PH. Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for biooil:
a critical review. Energ Fuel 2006;20(3):848-89.
[29] Thunman H, Niklasson F, Johnsson F, Leckner B. Composition of
volatile gases and thermochemical properties of wood for modeling of
fixed or fluidized beds. Energ Fuel 2001;15(6):1488-97.
[30] Gomez-Barea A, Leckner B. Modeling of biomass gasification in
fluidized bed. Prog Energ Combust 2010;36(4):444-509.
[31] Kersten SRA, Wang XQ, Prins W, van Swaaij WPM. Biomass pyrolysis
in a fluidized bed reactor. Part 1: literature review and model
simulations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005;44(23):8773-85.
[32] Roberts AF. Review of kinetics data for pyrolysis of wood and related
substances. Combust Flame 1970;14(1e3):261-72.
[33] Antal MJ. Effects of reactor severity on the gas-phase pyrolysis of
cellulose-derived and kraft lignin-derived volatile matter. Ind Eng Chem
Prod Rd 1983;22(2):366-75.
[34] Ranzi E, Cuoci A, Faravelli T, Frassoldati A, Migliavacca G, Pierucci S,
et al. Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis. Energ Fuel
2008;22(6):4292-300.
[35] Di Blasi C. Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and
biomass pyrolysis. Prog Energ Combust 2008;34(1):47-90.
[36] Williams PT, Slane E. Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and
liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures. J Anal Appl
Pyrolysis 2007;51 (4):754–69.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:73013", author = "Merve Sogancioglu and Esra Yel and Ferda Tartar and Nihan Canan Iskender", title = "Co-Pyrolysis of Olive Pomace with Plastic Wastes and Characterization of Pyrolysis Products", abstract = "Waste polyethylene (PE) is classified as waste low
density polyethylene (LDPE) and waste high density polyethylene
(HDPE) according to their densities. Pyrolysis of plastic waste may
have an important role in dealing with the enormous amounts of
plastic waste produced all over the world, by decreasing their
negative impact on the environment. This waste may be converted
into economically valuable hydrocarbons, which can be used both as
fuels and as feed stock in the petrochemical industry. End product
yields and properties depend on the plastic waste composition.
Pyrolytic biochar is one of the most important products of waste
plastics pyrolysis. In this study, HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes were
co-pyrolyzed together with waste olive pomace. Pyrolysis runs were
performed at temperature 700°C with heating rates of 5°C/min.
Higher pyrolysis oil and gas yields were observed by the using waste
olive pomace. The biochar yields of HDPE- olive pomace and LDPEolive
pomace were 6.37% and 7.26% respectively for 50% olive
pomace doses. The calorific value of HDPE-olive pomace and
LDPE-olive pomace of pyrolysis oil were 8350 and 8495 kCal.", keywords = "Biochar, co-pyrolysis, waste plastic, waste olive
pomace.", volume = "10", number = "4", pages = "480-4", }
