Chase Trainer Exercise Program in Athlete with Unilateral Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
We investigated the effects of modified
preprogrammed training mode Chase Trainer from Balance Trainer
(BT3, HurLab, Tampere, Finland) on athlete who experienced
unilateral Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Twenty-seven
athletes with mean age= 14.23 ±1.31 years, height = 164.89 ± 7.85
cm, weight = 56.94 ± 9.28 kg were randomly assigned to two groups:
experiment (EG; n = 14) and injured (IG; n = 13). EG performed a
series of Chase Trainer program which required them to shift their
body weight at different directions, speeds and angle of leaning twice
a week for duration of 8 weeks. The static postural control and
perceived pain level measures were taken at baseline, after 6 weeks
and 8 weeks of training. There was no significant difference in any of
tested variables between EG and IG before and after 6-week the
intervention period. However, after 8-week of training, the postural
control (eyes open) and perceived pain level of EG improved
compared to IG (p<0.05). The postural control with eyes closed of
EG improved (p<0.05) but the values were not significantly different
compared to IG after training. The results suggest that using Chase
Trainer exercise program it is possible to improve individual postural
control and decreased perceived pain level in athlete with unilateral
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS).
<p>[1] D. A. Lake and N. H. Wofford, “Effect of Therapeutic Modalities on
Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome,” Sports Health: A
Multidisciplinary Approach, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 182-189, 2011.
[2] M. J. Callaghan, “What does proprioception testing tell us about
patellofemoral pain?,” Manual Therapy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46-47, Feb.
2011.
[3] A. Saxena and J. Haddad, “The effect of foot orthoses on patellofemoral
pain syndrome,” Journal of The American Podiatric Medical
Association, vol. 93, pp. 264-271, 2003.
[4] J. E. Earl and A. Z. Hoch, “A Proximal Strengthening Program
Improves Pain, Function, and Biomechanics in Women With
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome,” The American Journal of Sports
Medicine, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 154-163, Jan. 2011.
[5] I. R. Murray, A. S. Murray, K. Mackenzie, and S. Coleman, “How
evidence based is the management of two common sports injuries in
sport clinic?,” British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, pp. 912-916,
2005.
[6] N. J. Collins, K. M. Crossley, R. Darnell, and B. Vicenzino, “Predictors
of short and long term outcome in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a
prospective longitudinal study,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol.
11, no. 1, p. 11, 2010.
[7] H. U. Kuriki et al., “Biomechanical analysis of parameter related to
patellofemoral pain syndrome,” 2009. [Online]. Available:
http://rosario2009.sabi.org.ar/uploadsarchivos/p53.pdf. [Accessed: 15-
Feb-2009].
[8] L. Blond and L. Hansen, “Patellofemoral pain syndrome in athletes: A
5.7 year retrospective follow-up study of 250 athlete,” Acta Ortopaedica
Belgica, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 393-400, 1998.
[9] K. Crossley, K. Bennell, S. Green, and J. McConnell, “A systematic
review of physical intervention for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a
critical review,” Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.
103-110, 2001.
[10] S. Tandon, “Common physical therapy interventions for patellofemoral
pain syndrome: a systematic review,” MGH Health Institue of Health
Profession, 2005.
[11] R. V. Linschoten, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Exercise Therapy.
Rotterdan, Netherlands: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 2012, p. 234.
[12] V. E. Perez, “Patellofemoral rehabilitation,” Operative Technique in
Orthopaedics, vol. 17, pp. 257-264, 2007.
[13] K. Crossley, K. Bennell, S. Green, S. Cowan, and J. McConnell,
“Physical therapy for patellofemoral pain: A randomized doubleblinded,
placebo-controlled trial,” American Journal of Sports Medicine,
vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 103-110, 2002.
[14] S. R. Piva, K. Fitzgerald, S. Wisniewski, and A. Delitto, “Predictors of
pain and function outcome after rehabilitation inpatients with
patellofemoral pain syndrome,” Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.
41, pp. 604-612, 2009.
[15] a. Christakou and D. Lavallee, “Rehabilitation from sports injuries:
from theory to practice,” Perspectives in Public Health, vol. 129, no. 3,
pp. 120-126, May 2009.
[16] M. Hubscher, A. Zech, K. Preifer, F. Hansel, L. Vogt, and W. Banzer,
“Neuromuscular training for sports injury prevention: A systematic
review,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 42, no. 3, pp.
413-421, 2010.
[17] M. A. Risberg, I. Holm, G. Myklebust, and L. Engebretsen, “Months
After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction :,” Physical Therapy,
vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 737-750, 2007.
[18] G. N. Williams, T. Chmielewski, K. Rudolph, T. S. Buchanan, and L.
Snyder-Mackler, “Dynamic knee stability: current theory and
implications for clinicians and scientists,” Journal of Orthopeadic and
Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 546-566, 2001.
[19] T. Szturm, A. L. Betker, Z. Moussavi, A. Desai, and V. Goodman,
“Effects of an Interactive Computer Game Exercise Regimen on Balance
Impairment in Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized
Controlled Trial.,” Physical Therapy, vol. 91, no. 10, pp. 1449-1462,
Oct. 2011.
[20] S. T. Green, J. Street, and S. Francisco, “Patellofemoral syndrome”
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, vol. 9, pp. 16-26, 2005.
[21] M. Boling, D. Padua, S. Marshall, K. Guskiewiez, S. Pyne, and A.
Beutler, “Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of
patellofemoral pain syndrome,” Scandinavian journal of Medicine and
Science in Sports, vol. 20, pp. 725-730, 2010.
[22] J. K. Loudon, D. Wiesner, H. L. Goist-Foley, C. Asjes, and K. L.
Loudon, “Intrarater reliability of functional performance tests for
subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome,” Journal of Athletic
Training, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 256-261, 2002.
[23] E. Pappas and W. M. Wong-Tom, “Prospective Predictors of
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome,” Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary
Approach, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 115-120, 2012.
[24] M. Callaghan, J. Selfe, and P. Dey, “Activity-associated pain in
patellofemoral pain syndrome: How does it inform research and
practice,” Physiotherapy, vol. 95, pp. 321-322, 2009.
[25] P. Thomee, R. Thomee, and J. Karlsoon, “Patellofemoral pain
syndrome: pain, coping strategies and degree of well-being,”
Scandinavian journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 12, pp.
276-281, 2002.
[26] K. L. Bennell and R. S. Hinman, “Effect of experimentally induced knee
pain on standing balance in healthy older individuals,” Rheumatology,
vol. 44, pp. 378-381, 2005.
[27] R. P. Hirata, L. Arendt-Nielsen, S. Shiozawa, and T. Graven-Nielsen,
“Experimental knee pain impairs postural stability during quiet stance
but not after perturbations,” European Journal of Applied Physiology,
pp. 1-11, 2011.
[28] N. Pinsault and N. Vuillerme, “Test–retest reliability of centre of foot
pressure measures to assess postural control during unperturbed stance,”
Medical Engineering &amp; Physics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 276-286, Mar.
2009.
[29] J.-S. Blouin, P. Corbeil, and N. Teasdale, “Postural stability is altered by
the stimulation of pain but not warm receptors in humans,” BMC
Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 4, p. 23, 2003.
[30] A. Zech, M. Hübscher, L. Vogt, W. Banzer, F. Hänsel, and K. Pfeifer,
“Balance training for neuromuscular control and performance
enhancement: A systematic review,” Journal of Athletic Training, vol.
45, no. 4, pp. 392-403, 2010.
[31] W. J. Hurd and L. Snyder-Mackler, “Neuromuscular training,” in
Sports-specific rehabilitation, R. Donatelli, Ed. St Louis: Churchill
Livingstone , 2007, pp. 247-258.
[32] C. M. Powers, “Patellar kinematics, part I: the influence of vastus
muscle activity in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain ,”
Physical Therapy, vol. 80, pp. 956-964, 2000.
[33] A. Strang, J. Haworth, M. Hieronymus, M. Walsh, and L. Smart,
“Structural changes in postural sway lend insight into effects of balance
training, vision, and support surface on postural control in a healthy
population,” European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 111, no. 7,
pp. 1485-1495, Jul. 2011.
[34] N. Aminaka and P. A. Gribble, “Postural Control,” Journal of Athletic
Training, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 21-28, 2008.
[35] M. L. Voight and G. Cook, “Impaired neuromuscular control: reactive
neuromuscular training,” in Musculoskeletal Interventions: Techniques
for Therapy Exercise, M. L. Voight, B. J. Hoogenboom, and W. E.
Prentice, Eds. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007.
[36] S. Lephart, C. Buz Swanik, F. Fu, and K. Huxel, “Reestablishing
neuromuscular control,” in Rehabilitation techniques for sports medicine
and athletic training, 4th ed., W. E. Prentice, Ed. NewYork: McGraw-
Hill, 2004, pp. 100-120.
[37] G. Coughlan and B. Caulfield, “A 4-week neuromuscular training
program and gait patterns at the ankle joint.,” Journal of athletic
training, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 51-9, 2007.
[38] J. L. Riskowski, “Gait and neuromuscular learning effects through the
use of a gait monitoring system,” in 2009 IEEE International
Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2009, pp. 265-270.</p>
<p>[1] D. A. Lake and N. H. Wofford, “Effect of Therapeutic Modalities on
Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome,” Sports Health: A
Multidisciplinary Approach, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 182-189, 2011.
[2] M. J. Callaghan, “What does proprioception testing tell us about
patellofemoral pain?,” Manual Therapy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46-47, Feb.
2011.
[3] A. Saxena and J. Haddad, “The effect of foot orthoses on patellofemoral
pain syndrome,” Journal of The American Podiatric Medical
Association, vol. 93, pp. 264-271, 2003.
[4] J. E. Earl and A. Z. Hoch, “A Proximal Strengthening Program
Improves Pain, Function, and Biomechanics in Women With
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome,” The American Journal of Sports
Medicine, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 154-163, Jan. 2011.
[5] I. R. Murray, A. S. Murray, K. Mackenzie, and S. Coleman, “How
evidence based is the management of two common sports injuries in
sport clinic?,” British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, pp. 912-916,
2005.
[6] N. J. Collins, K. M. Crossley, R. Darnell, and B. Vicenzino, “Predictors
of short and long term outcome in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a
prospective longitudinal study,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol.
11, no. 1, p. 11, 2010.
[7] H. U. Kuriki et al., “Biomechanical analysis of parameter related to
patellofemoral pain syndrome,” 2009. [Online]. Available:
http://rosario2009.sabi.org.ar/uploadsarchivos/p53.pdf. [Accessed: 15-
Feb-2009].
[8] L. Blond and L. Hansen, “Patellofemoral pain syndrome in athletes: A
5.7 year retrospective follow-up study of 250 athlete,” Acta Ortopaedica
Belgica, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 393-400, 1998.
[9] K. Crossley, K. Bennell, S. Green, and J. McConnell, “A systematic
review of physical intervention for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a
critical review,” Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.
103-110, 2001.
[10] S. Tandon, “Common physical therapy interventions for patellofemoral
pain syndrome: a systematic review,” MGH Health Institue of Health
Profession, 2005.
[11] R. V. Linschoten, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Exercise Therapy.
Rotterdan, Netherlands: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 2012, p. 234.
[12] V. E. Perez, “Patellofemoral rehabilitation,” Operative Technique in
Orthopaedics, vol. 17, pp. 257-264, 2007.
[13] K. Crossley, K. Bennell, S. Green, S. Cowan, and J. McConnell,
“Physical therapy for patellofemoral pain: A randomized doubleblinded,
placebo-controlled trial,” American Journal of Sports Medicine,
vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 103-110, 2002.
[14] S. R. Piva, K. Fitzgerald, S. Wisniewski, and A. Delitto, “Predictors of
pain and function outcome after rehabilitation inpatients with
patellofemoral pain syndrome,” Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.
41, pp. 604-612, 2009.
[15] a. Christakou and D. Lavallee, “Rehabilitation from sports injuries:
from theory to practice,” Perspectives in Public Health, vol. 129, no. 3,
pp. 120-126, May 2009.
[16] M. Hubscher, A. Zech, K. Preifer, F. Hansel, L. Vogt, and W. Banzer,
“Neuromuscular training for sports injury prevention: A systematic
review,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 42, no. 3, pp.
413-421, 2010.
[17] M. A. Risberg, I. Holm, G. Myklebust, and L. Engebretsen, “Months
After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction :,” Physical Therapy,
vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 737-750, 2007.
[18] G. N. Williams, T. Chmielewski, K. Rudolph, T. S. Buchanan, and L.
Snyder-Mackler, “Dynamic knee stability: current theory and
implications for clinicians and scientists,” Journal of Orthopeadic and
Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 546-566, 2001.
[19] T. Szturm, A. L. Betker, Z. Moussavi, A. Desai, and V. Goodman,
“Effects of an Interactive Computer Game Exercise Regimen on Balance
Impairment in Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized
Controlled Trial.,” Physical Therapy, vol. 91, no. 10, pp. 1449-1462,
Oct. 2011.
[20] S. T. Green, J. Street, and S. Francisco, “Patellofemoral syndrome”
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, vol. 9, pp. 16-26, 2005.
[21] M. Boling, D. Padua, S. Marshall, K. Guskiewiez, S. Pyne, and A.
Beutler, “Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of
patellofemoral pain syndrome,” Scandinavian journal of Medicine and
Science in Sports, vol. 20, pp. 725-730, 2010.
[22] J. K. Loudon, D. Wiesner, H. L. Goist-Foley, C. Asjes, and K. L.
Loudon, “Intrarater reliability of functional performance tests for
subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome,” Journal of Athletic
Training, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 256-261, 2002.
[23] E. Pappas and W. M. Wong-Tom, “Prospective Predictors of
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome,” Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary
Approach, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 115-120, 2012.
[24] M. Callaghan, J. Selfe, and P. Dey, “Activity-associated pain in
patellofemoral pain syndrome: How does it inform research and
practice,” Physiotherapy, vol. 95, pp. 321-322, 2009.
[25] P. Thomee, R. Thomee, and J. Karlsoon, “Patellofemoral pain
syndrome: pain, coping strategies and degree of well-being,”
Scandinavian journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 12, pp.
276-281, 2002.
[26] K. L. Bennell and R. S. Hinman, “Effect of experimentally induced knee
pain on standing balance in healthy older individuals,” Rheumatology,
vol. 44, pp. 378-381, 2005.
[27] R. P. Hirata, L. Arendt-Nielsen, S. Shiozawa, and T. Graven-Nielsen,
“Experimental knee pain impairs postural stability during quiet stance
but not after perturbations,” European Journal of Applied Physiology,
pp. 1-11, 2011.
[28] N. Pinsault and N. Vuillerme, “Test–retest reliability of centre of foot
pressure measures to assess postural control during unperturbed stance,”
Medical Engineering &amp; Physics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 276-286, Mar.
2009.
[29] J.-S. Blouin, P. Corbeil, and N. Teasdale, “Postural stability is altered by
the stimulation of pain but not warm receptors in humans,” BMC
Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 4, p. 23, 2003.
[30] A. Zech, M. Hübscher, L. Vogt, W. Banzer, F. Hänsel, and K. Pfeifer,
“Balance training for neuromuscular control and performance
enhancement: A systematic review,” Journal of Athletic Training, vol.
45, no. 4, pp. 392-403, 2010.
[31] W. J. Hurd and L. Snyder-Mackler, “Neuromuscular training,” in
Sports-specific rehabilitation, R. Donatelli, Ed. St Louis: Churchill
Livingstone , 2007, pp. 247-258.
[32] C. M. Powers, “Patellar kinematics, part I: the influence of vastus
muscle activity in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain ,”
Physical Therapy, vol. 80, pp. 956-964, 2000.
[33] A. Strang, J. Haworth, M. Hieronymus, M. Walsh, and L. Smart,
“Structural changes in postural sway lend insight into effects of balance
training, vision, and support surface on postural control in a healthy
population,” European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 111, no. 7,
pp. 1485-1495, Jul. 2011.
[34] N. Aminaka and P. A. Gribble, “Postural Control,” Journal of Athletic
Training, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 21-28, 2008.
[35] M. L. Voight and G. Cook, “Impaired neuromuscular control: reactive
neuromuscular training,” in Musculoskeletal Interventions: Techniques
for Therapy Exercise, M. L. Voight, B. J. Hoogenboom, and W. E.
Prentice, Eds. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007.
[36] S. Lephart, C. Buz Swanik, F. Fu, and K. Huxel, “Reestablishing
neuromuscular control,” in Rehabilitation techniques for sports medicine
and athletic training, 4th ed., W. E. Prentice, Ed. NewYork: McGraw-
Hill, 2004, pp. 100-120.
[37] G. Coughlan and B. Caulfield, “A 4-week neuromuscular training
program and gait patterns at the ankle joint.,” Journal of athletic
training, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 51-9, 2007.
[38] J. L. Riskowski, “Gait and neuromuscular learning effects through the
use of a gait monitoring system,” in 2009 IEEE International
Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2009, pp. 265-270.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:54273", author = "Asha Hasnimy Mohd Hashim and Lee Ai Choo", title = "Chase Trainer Exercise Program in Athlete with Unilateral Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)", abstract = "We investigated the effects of modified
preprogrammed training mode Chase Trainer from Balance Trainer
(BT3, HurLab, Tampere, Finland) on athlete who experienced
unilateral Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Twenty-seven
athletes with mean age= 14.23 ±1.31 years, height = 164.89 ± 7.85
cm, weight = 56.94 ± 9.28 kg were randomly assigned to two groups:
experiment (EG; n = 14) and injured (IG; n = 13). EG performed a
series of Chase Trainer program which required them to shift their
body weight at different directions, speeds and angle of leaning twice
a week for duration of 8 weeks. The static postural control and
perceived pain level measures were taken at baseline, after 6 weeks
and 8 weeks of training. There was no significant difference in any of
tested variables between EG and IG before and after 6-week the
intervention period. However, after 8-week of training, the postural
control (eyes open) and perceived pain level of EG improved
compared to IG (p", keywords = "Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, perceived pain level,
postural control.", volume = "7", number = "8", pages = "455-6", }
