Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter using PIXE Technique
Coarse and fine particulate matter were collected at a
residential area at Vashi, Navi Mumbai and the filter samples were
analysed for trace elements using PIXE technique. The trend of
particulate matter showed higher concentrations during winter than
the summer and monsoon concentration levels. High concentrations
of elements related to soil and sea salt were found in PM10 and
PM2.5. Also high levels of zinc and sulphur found in the particulates
of both the size fractions. EF analysis showed enrichment of Cu, Cr
and Mn only in the fine fraction suggesting their origin from
anthropogenic sources. The EF value was observed to be maximum
for As, Pb and Zn in the fine particulates. However, crustal derived
elements showed very low EF values indicating their origin from
soil. The PCA based multivariate studies identified soil, sea salt,
combustion and Se sources as common sources for coarse and
additionally an industrial source has also been identified for fine
particles.
[1] D.D. Cohen, "Characterisation of atmospheric fine particles using IBA
techniques," Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, vol. 136, 1998,
pp.14-22.
[2] D.D. Cohen, E. Stelcer, and D. Garton, "Trace elements in street and
house dust: source and speciation," Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B, vol. 190, 2002, pp. 466.
[3] J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, D.H. Lowenthal, P. A. Solomon, K.L.
Magliano, S.D. Ziman, L.W. Richards "PM10 source apportionment in
California's San Joaquin Valley," Atmos. Environ.,vol. 26A, 1992, pp.
3335--3354.
[4] F. Andrade, C. Orsini, and W. Maenhaut, "Receptor modeling for
inhalable atmospheric particles in Sao Paolo, Brazil," Nuclear Instrum.
Methods Phys. Res. B, vol. 75, 1993, pp. 308-311.
[5] C.A. Pope, D. Bates, and H. Raizenne, "Health Effects of Particulate
Air: Time for Reassessment?," Environ. Health Perspec., vol. 103, 1995,
pp. 472-480.
[6] C.A. Pope, "Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human
Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk," Environ. Health
Perspect., vol. 108, 2000, pp. 713-723.
[7] K. Milind, and R. Gurumurthy, "The causes and consequences of
particulate air pollution in urban India : A synthesis of the science,"
Annual review of energy and the environment, vol. 25, 2000, pp. 629-
684.
[8] N. Dubey, and S. Pervez, "Investigation of Variation in Ambient PM10
Levels within an Urban-Industrial Environment," Aerosol Air Qual.
Res., vol. 8, 2008, pp. 54-64.
[9] F. Murray, G. McGranahan, and J.C.I. Kuylenstierna, "Assessing Health
Effects of Air Pollution in Developing Countries," Water, Air and Soil
Pollut., vol. 130, 2001, pp. 1799-1804.
[10] S.L. Quiterio, C.R.S. Da Silva, G. Arbilla, and V. Escaleira, "Metals in
airborne particulate matter in the industrial district of Santa Cruz, Rio de
Janeiro, in an annual period," Atmos Environ., vol. 38, 2004, pp. 321-
331.
[11] I. Gupta, and R. Kumar, "Trends of Particulate Matter in Four Cities in
India," Atmos.Environ., vol. 40, 2006, pp. 2552-2566.
[12] J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, Z. Lu, D.H. Lowenthal, C.A. Frazier, P.A.
Solomon, R.H. Thuillier, and K. Magliano, "Descriptive Analysis of
PM2.5 and PM10 at Regionally Representative Locations during
SJVAQS/AUSPEX," Atmos. Environ., vol. 30, 1996, pp. 2079-2112.
[13] J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, Z. Lu, D.H. Lowenthal, B. Hackney, K.
Magliano, D. Lehrman, and T. Smith, "Temporal Variations of PM2.5,
PM10 and Gaseous Precursors during the 1995 Integrated Monitoring
Study in Central California," J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. vol. 49,
1999, pp. 16-24.
[14] J.J. Lin, "Characterization of Water-Soluble Ion Species in Urban
Ambient Particles ," Environ. Inter., vol. 28, 2002, pp. 55-61.
[15] Z. Yuanxun, Z. Yuanmao, W. Yingsong, L. Delu, L. Aiguo, L. Yan,
Z. Guilin, Z. Yifei, and S. Zuci, "PIXE characterization of PM10 and
PM2.5 particulate matter collected during the winter season in Shanghai
city," Jour. of Radioanalytical and Nucl. Chem., vol. 267, 2006, pp.
497-499.
[16] P. Salvador, B. Artinano, G.A. Diana, Q. Xavier, and A. Andres,
"Identification and Characterization of Sources of PM10 in Madrid
(Spain) by Statistical Methods," Atmos. Environ., vol. 38, 2003, pp.
435-447.
[1] D.D. Cohen, "Characterisation of atmospheric fine particles using IBA
techniques," Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, vol. 136, 1998,
pp.14-22.
[2] D.D. Cohen, E. Stelcer, and D. Garton, "Trace elements in street and
house dust: source and speciation," Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B, vol. 190, 2002, pp. 466.
[3] J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, D.H. Lowenthal, P. A. Solomon, K.L.
Magliano, S.D. Ziman, L.W. Richards "PM10 source apportionment in
California's San Joaquin Valley," Atmos. Environ.,vol. 26A, 1992, pp.
3335--3354.
[4] F. Andrade, C. Orsini, and W. Maenhaut, "Receptor modeling for
inhalable atmospheric particles in Sao Paolo, Brazil," Nuclear Instrum.
Methods Phys. Res. B, vol. 75, 1993, pp. 308-311.
[5] C.A. Pope, D. Bates, and H. Raizenne, "Health Effects of Particulate
Air: Time for Reassessment?," Environ. Health Perspec., vol. 103, 1995,
pp. 472-480.
[6] C.A. Pope, "Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human
Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk," Environ. Health
Perspect., vol. 108, 2000, pp. 713-723.
[7] K. Milind, and R. Gurumurthy, "The causes and consequences of
particulate air pollution in urban India : A synthesis of the science,"
Annual review of energy and the environment, vol. 25, 2000, pp. 629-
684.
[8] N. Dubey, and S. Pervez, "Investigation of Variation in Ambient PM10
Levels within an Urban-Industrial Environment," Aerosol Air Qual.
Res., vol. 8, 2008, pp. 54-64.
[9] F. Murray, G. McGranahan, and J.C.I. Kuylenstierna, "Assessing Health
Effects of Air Pollution in Developing Countries," Water, Air and Soil
Pollut., vol. 130, 2001, pp. 1799-1804.
[10] S.L. Quiterio, C.R.S. Da Silva, G. Arbilla, and V. Escaleira, "Metals in
airborne particulate matter in the industrial district of Santa Cruz, Rio de
Janeiro, in an annual period," Atmos Environ., vol. 38, 2004, pp. 321-
331.
[11] I. Gupta, and R. Kumar, "Trends of Particulate Matter in Four Cities in
India," Atmos.Environ., vol. 40, 2006, pp. 2552-2566.
[12] J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, Z. Lu, D.H. Lowenthal, C.A. Frazier, P.A.
Solomon, R.H. Thuillier, and K. Magliano, "Descriptive Analysis of
PM2.5 and PM10 at Regionally Representative Locations during
SJVAQS/AUSPEX," Atmos. Environ., vol. 30, 1996, pp. 2079-2112.
[13] J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, Z. Lu, D.H. Lowenthal, B. Hackney, K.
Magliano, D. Lehrman, and T. Smith, "Temporal Variations of PM2.5,
PM10 and Gaseous Precursors during the 1995 Integrated Monitoring
Study in Central California," J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. vol. 49,
1999, pp. 16-24.
[14] J.J. Lin, "Characterization of Water-Soluble Ion Species in Urban
Ambient Particles ," Environ. Inter., vol. 28, 2002, pp. 55-61.
[15] Z. Yuanxun, Z. Yuanmao, W. Yingsong, L. Delu, L. Aiguo, L. Yan,
Z. Guilin, Z. Yifei, and S. Zuci, "PIXE characterization of PM10 and
PM2.5 particulate matter collected during the winter season in Shanghai
city," Jour. of Radioanalytical and Nucl. Chem., vol. 267, 2006, pp.
497-499.
[16] P. Salvador, B. Artinano, G.A. Diana, Q. Xavier, and A. Andres,
"Identification and Characterization of Sources of PM10 in Madrid
(Spain) by Statistical Methods," Atmos. Environ., vol. 38, 2003, pp.
435-447.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:49995", author = "P.Kothai and P. Prathibha and I.V.Saradhi and G.G. Pandit and V.D. Puranik", title = "Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter using PIXE Technique", abstract = "Coarse and fine particulate matter were collected at a
residential area at Vashi, Navi Mumbai and the filter samples were
analysed for trace elements using PIXE technique. The trend of
particulate matter showed higher concentrations during winter than
the summer and monsoon concentration levels. High concentrations
of elements related to soil and sea salt were found in PM10 and
PM2.5. Also high levels of zinc and sulphur found in the particulates
of both the size fractions. EF analysis showed enrichment of Cu, Cr
and Mn only in the fine fraction suggesting their origin from
anthropogenic sources. The EF value was observed to be maximum
for As, Pb and Zn in the fine particulates. However, crustal derived
elements showed very low EF values indicating their origin from
soil. The PCA based multivariate studies identified soil, sea salt,
combustion and Se sources as common sources for coarse and
additionally an industrial source has also been identified for fine
particles.", keywords = "EF analysis, PM10, PM2.5, PIXE, PCA.", volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "44-4", }
