Cereals' Products with Red Grape and Walnut Extracts as Functional Foods for Prevention of Kidney Dysfunction
In the present research, two nutraceuticals made from
red grape and walnut that showed previously to improve kidney
dysfunction were incorporated separately into functional foods' bread
made from barley and rice bran. The functional foods were evaluated
in rats in which chronic renal failure was induced through feeding
diet rich in adenine and phosphate (APD). The evaluation based on
assessing kidney function, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers
and body weight gain. Results showed induction of chronic kidney
failure reflected in significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine,
malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor- α and low density
lipoprotein cholesterol along with significant reduction of plasma
albumin, and total antioxidant and creatinine clearance and body
weight gain on feeding APD compared to control healthy group.
Feeding the functional foods produced amelioration in the different
biochemical parameters and body weight gain indicating
improvement in kidney function.
<p>[1] N. A. G. Santos, C. S. Catão, N. M. Martins, C. Curti, M. L. P.
Bianchi, and A. C. Santos, “Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is
associated with oxidative stress, redox state unbalance, impairment of
energetic metabolism and apoptosis in rat kidney mitochondria,”
Archives of Toxicology, 81 (7), 495-504, 2007.
[2] N. D. Vaziri, and K. C. Norris, “Reasons for the lack of salutary effects
of cholesterol-lowering interventions in end-stage renal disease
populations” Blood Purif., 35(1-3), 31-6, 2013.
[3] M.C. Martin-Mateo, M. Sanchez-Portugal, S. Iglesias, A. de Paula, and
J. Bustamante, “Oxidative stress in chronic renal failure,” Ren. Fail., 21,
155– 167, 1999.
[4] J. Galle, K. Heermeier, and C. Wanner, “Atherogenic lipoproteins,
oxidative stress and cell death,” Kidney Int., 56 (Suppl. 71), S62–S65,
1999.
[5] R. A. Moreau, P. Bregitzer, K. Liu, and K. B. Hicks, “Compositional
equivalence of barleys differing only in low- and normal-phytate levels,”
J Agric Food Chem., 60(26), 6493-8, 2012.
[6] M. S.Islam, R. Nagasaka, K. Ohara, T. Hosoya, H. Ozaki, H. Ushio, and
M. Hori, “Biological abilities of rice bran-derived antioxidant
phytochemicals for medical therapy,” Curr Top Med Chem., 11(14),
1847-53, 2011.
[7] S. Y. Al-Okbi, N. M. Ammar, D. A. Mohamed, I. M. Hamed, A. H.
Desoky, H. F. El-Bakry, and A. M. Helal, “Egyptian rice bran oil:
chemical analysis of the main phytochemicals (Periodical style—
Accepted for publication),” La Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse, to
be published.
[8] S. Y. Al-Okbi, Prevention and Management of Some Chronic Diseases
(Renal and hepatic) by Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (2010-
2013), a project in National Research Centre, Egypt.
[9] N. Erdinest, O.Shmueli, Y. Grossman, H. Ovadia, and A. Solomon,
“Anti-inflammatory effects of alpha linolenic acid on human corneal
epithelial cells,”. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 53(8), 4396-406. 2012.
[10] T. E. Sialvera, G. D. Pounis, A. E. Koutelidakis, D. J. Richter, G. Yfanti,
M. Kapsokefalou, G. Goumas, N. Chiotinis, E. Diamantopoulos, and A.
Zampelas, “Phytosterols supplementation decreases plasma small and
dense LDL levels in metabolic syndrome patients on a westernized type
diet.” Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis., 22(10), 843-8, 2012.
[11] M. Lutz, K. Jorquera , B. Cancino B, R. Ruby, and C. Henriquez,
“Phenolics and antioxidant capacity of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Cultivars grown in Chile.” J Food Sci., 76(7), C1088-93, 2011.
[12] A.O.A.C., "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists," 17th ed., Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 2000.
[13] K. Satoh, “Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined
by a new colorimetric method,” Clinica Chimica Acta, 20, 37-43, 1978.
[14] T. Koeda, K. Wakaki, F. Koizumi, T. Yokozawa, and H. Oura, “Early
changes of proximal tubules in the kidney of adenine-ingesting rats, with
special reference to biochemical and electron microscopic studies,”
Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi, 30: 239–46, 1998.
[15] J. A. Stepaniak, K. E. Gould, D. Sun, and R. H. Swanborg, ”A
comparative study of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in
Lewis and DA rats, “ J Immunol., 155, 2762-2769, 1995.
[16] Houot O. 1985. “Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests,” G. Siest, J.
Henny, F. Schiele, D. S. Young, edits., Biomedical publications, 1985.
[17] J. K. Fawcett, J. E. Scott, “A rapid and precise method for the
determination of urea,” J. Clin. Pathol., 13, 156-159, 1960.
[18] B. T. Doumas, W. A.Watson, and H. G. Biggs, “Albumin standards and
the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green,” Clin.
Chem. Acta., 1972, 31, 87, 1972.
[19] D. A. Watson, “Simple method for the determination of serum
cholesterol,” Clin. Chem. Acta., 5, 637-642, 1960.
[20] H. Schriewer, U. Kohnert, G. Assmann, “Determination of LDL
cholesterol and LDL apolipoprotein B following precipitation of VLDL
in blood serum with phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2,” J. Clin. Chem. Clin.
Biochem., 22, 35-40, 1984.
[21] K. Katsumata, K. Kenichiro, H. Michinori, T. Kunihiko, N. Nobuo, K.
B. Steven, “Sevelamer hydrochloride prevents ectopic calcification and
renal osteodystro- phy in chronic renal failure rats,” Kidney Int., 64,
441–50, 2003.
[22] M. Shuvy, S. Abedat , R. Beeri, H. D. Danenberg, D. Planer, I. Z. Ben-
Dov, K. Meir, J. Sosna, and C. Lotan, “Uraemic hyperparathyroidism
causes a reversible inflammatory process of aortic valve calcification in
rats,” Cardiovascular Research, 79, 492–499, 2008.
[23] H. Okada, Y. Kaneko, T. Yawata, et al: “Reversibility of
adenineinduced renal failure in rats,” Clin Exp Nephrol., 3, 82–88, 1999.
[24] M. Tonelli, N. Pannu and B. Manns, “Oral Phosphate Binders in Patients
with Kidney Failure, ” N Engl J Med., 362, 1312-1324, 2010.
[25] D. Foque, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, J. D. Kopple, N. Canau, P. Chauveau, L.
Cuppari, H. Franch, G. Guarnieri, T. A. Ikizler, and G. A. Kaysen,
“Proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy
wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease,” Kidney Int., 73, 391-398,
2008.
[26] A. Bonanni, I. Mannucci, D. Verzola, A. Sofia, S. Saffioti, E. Gianetta,
and G. Garibotto, “Protein-Energy Wasting and Mortality in Chronic
Kidney Disease,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8, 1631-1654,
2011.
[27] K. Kalantar-Zadeh, R. D. Kilpatrick, and N. Kuwae, “Revisiting
mortality predictability of serum albumin in the dialysis population: time
dependency, longitudinal changes and population-attributable fraction,”
Nephrol. Dial. Transpl., 20, 1880-1888, 2005.
[28] T. A. Ikizler, R. I. Wingard, J. Harvell, Y. Shyr, and R. Hakim,
“Association of morbidity with markers of nutrition and inflammation in
chronic hemodialysis patients: A prospective study,” Kidney Int., 55,
1945-1951, 1999.
[29] G. M. Chertow, D. J. Goldstein-Fuchs, J. M. Lazarus, G. A. Kaysen,
“Prealbumin, mortality, and cause-specific hospitalization in
hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int., 68, 2794-2800, 2005.
[30] P. Stenvinkel, O. Haimburger, F. Paultre, U. Diczfalusy, T. Wang, L.
Berglund, and T. Jogestrand, “Strong association between malnutrition,
inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure,” Kidney Int.,
55, 1899-1911, 1999.
[31] V. Panichi, M. Migliori, S. De Pietro, D. Taccola, A. M. Bianchi, L.
Giovannini, M. Norpoth, M. R. Metelli, R. Cristofani, A. A. Bertelli, “Creactive
protein and interleukin-6 levels are related to renal function in
predialytic chronic renal failure,” Nephron, 91, 594-600, 2002.
[32] T. Nguyen-Khoa, Z. A. Massay, J. P. De Bandt, M. Kebede, L. Salama,
G. Lambrey, V. Witko-Sarsat, T. B. Drüeke, B. Lacour, and M.
Thévenin, “Oxidative stress and haemodialysis: Role of inflammation
and duration of dialysis treatment,” Nephrol. Dial. Transpl., 16, 335-
340, 2001.
[33] G. Ding, H. Van Goor, S. D. Ricardo, J. M. Orlowski, and J. R.
Diamond, “Oxidized LDL stimulates the expression of TGF and
fibronectin in human glomerular epithelial cells,” Kidney Int., 51, 147–
154, 1997.
[34] E. F. Gris, F. Mattivi, E. A. Ferreira, U. Vrhovsek, D. W. Filho, R. C.
Pedrosa, M. T. Bordignon-Luiz, “Stilbenes and tyrosol as target
compounds in the assessment of antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity
of Vitis vinifera red wines from southern Brazil.” J Agric Food Chem.,
59(14), 7954-61, 2011.
[35] G. M. Cole, G. P. Lim, and F. Yang, “Prevention of Alzheimer's disease:
Omega-3 fatty acid and phenolic antioxidant interventions,” Neurobiol.
Aging, 26S, S133 - S136, 2005.
[36] Rho K.A., Kim M.K. Effects of different grape formulations on
antioxidative capacity, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in
aged rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., Tokyo 2006; 52 (1): 33 - 46.
[37] J. A. Pereira, I. Oliveira, A. Sousa, I. Ferreira, A. Bento, and L.
Estevinho, “Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut
(Juglans regia L.) cultivars,” Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2103–2111,
2008.
[38] T. Fukuda, H. Ito, and T. Yoshida, “Antioxidative polyphenols from
walnuts (Juglans regia L.),” Phytochemistry, 63, 795–801, 2003.
[39] M. Colaric, R. Veberic, A. Solar, M. Hudina, and F. Stampar, “Phenolic
acids, syringaldehyde, and juglone in fruits of different cultivars of
Juglans regia L,” J. Agr. Food Chem., 53, 6390–6396, 2005.
[40] B. Muthaiyah, M. M. Essa, V. Chauhan, A. Chauhan, “Protective effects
of walnut extract against amyloid beta peptide-induced cell death and
oxidative stress in PC12 cells,” Neurochem Res., 36(11), 2096-103,
2011.
[41] S. Khatoon, and A. G. Gopalakrishna, “Fat-soluble nutraceuticals and
fatty acid composition of selected Indian rice varieties,” Journal of the
American Oil Chemists’ Society, 81, 939–943, 2004.
[42] H. Ardiansyah Shirakawa, T. Koseki, K. Ohinata, K. Hazhizume, and M.
Komai, “Rice bran fractions improve blood pressure, lipid profile, and
glucose metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats,”
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 1914–1920, 2006.
[43] Y. Saito, K. Ikushima, S. Hatakeda, T. Ito, and T. Goto, “Fractional
extraction of rice bran oil and its esters with supercritical carbon
dioxide,” Int. Chem.Eng., 33, 307 – 314, 1993.
[44] S. Christie, A. F. Walker, and G. T. Lewith, “Flavonoids - a new
direction for the treatment of fluid retention, “ Phytother Res ,15:, 467–
475, 2001.
[45] K. K. Hullatti, U. V. Gopikrishna, I.J.J Kuppast, “Phytochemical
investigation and diuretic activity of Cyclea peltata leaf extracts”, . Adv
Pharm Technol Res., 2(4), 241-4, 2011.
[46] F. Van Lente, and P. Sult, “Assessment of renal function by serum
creatinine and creatinine clearance: Glomerular filteration rate estimated
by four procedures,” Clin.Chem., 35 (12): 2326-2330, 1989.</p>
<p>[1] N. A. G. Santos, C. S. Catão, N. M. Martins, C. Curti, M. L. P.
Bianchi, and A. C. Santos, “Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is
associated with oxidative stress, redox state unbalance, impairment of
energetic metabolism and apoptosis in rat kidney mitochondria,”
Archives of Toxicology, 81 (7), 495-504, 2007.
[2] N. D. Vaziri, and K. C. Norris, “Reasons for the lack of salutary effects
of cholesterol-lowering interventions in end-stage renal disease
populations” Blood Purif., 35(1-3), 31-6, 2013.
[3] M.C. Martin-Mateo, M. Sanchez-Portugal, S. Iglesias, A. de Paula, and
J. Bustamante, “Oxidative stress in chronic renal failure,” Ren. Fail., 21,
155– 167, 1999.
[4] J. Galle, K. Heermeier, and C. Wanner, “Atherogenic lipoproteins,
oxidative stress and cell death,” Kidney Int., 56 (Suppl. 71), S62–S65,
1999.
[5] R. A. Moreau, P. Bregitzer, K. Liu, and K. B. Hicks, “Compositional
equivalence of barleys differing only in low- and normal-phytate levels,”
J Agric Food Chem., 60(26), 6493-8, 2012.
[6] M. S.Islam, R. Nagasaka, K. Ohara, T. Hosoya, H. Ozaki, H. Ushio, and
M. Hori, “Biological abilities of rice bran-derived antioxidant
phytochemicals for medical therapy,” Curr Top Med Chem., 11(14),
1847-53, 2011.
[7] S. Y. Al-Okbi, N. M. Ammar, D. A. Mohamed, I. M. Hamed, A. H.
Desoky, H. F. El-Bakry, and A. M. Helal, “Egyptian rice bran oil:
chemical analysis of the main phytochemicals (Periodical style—
Accepted for publication),” La Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse, to
be published.
[8] S. Y. Al-Okbi, Prevention and Management of Some Chronic Diseases
(Renal and hepatic) by Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (2010-
2013), a project in National Research Centre, Egypt.
[9] N. Erdinest, O.Shmueli, Y. Grossman, H. Ovadia, and A. Solomon,
“Anti-inflammatory effects of alpha linolenic acid on human corneal
epithelial cells,”. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 53(8), 4396-406. 2012.
[10] T. E. Sialvera, G. D. Pounis, A. E. Koutelidakis, D. J. Richter, G. Yfanti,
M. Kapsokefalou, G. Goumas, N. Chiotinis, E. Diamantopoulos, and A.
Zampelas, “Phytosterols supplementation decreases plasma small and
dense LDL levels in metabolic syndrome patients on a westernized type
diet.” Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis., 22(10), 843-8, 2012.
[11] M. Lutz, K. Jorquera , B. Cancino B, R. Ruby, and C. Henriquez,
“Phenolics and antioxidant capacity of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Cultivars grown in Chile.” J Food Sci., 76(7), C1088-93, 2011.
[12] A.O.A.C., "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists," 17th ed., Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 2000.
[13] K. Satoh, “Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined
by a new colorimetric method,” Clinica Chimica Acta, 20, 37-43, 1978.
[14] T. Koeda, K. Wakaki, F. Koizumi, T. Yokozawa, and H. Oura, “Early
changes of proximal tubules in the kidney of adenine-ingesting rats, with
special reference to biochemical and electron microscopic studies,”
Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi, 30: 239–46, 1998.
[15] J. A. Stepaniak, K. E. Gould, D. Sun, and R. H. Swanborg, ”A
comparative study of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in
Lewis and DA rats, “ J Immunol., 155, 2762-2769, 1995.
[16] Houot O. 1985. “Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests,” G. Siest, J.
Henny, F. Schiele, D. S. Young, edits., Biomedical publications, 1985.
[17] J. K. Fawcett, J. E. Scott, “A rapid and precise method for the
determination of urea,” J. Clin. Pathol., 13, 156-159, 1960.
[18] B. T. Doumas, W. A.Watson, and H. G. Biggs, “Albumin standards and
the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green,” Clin.
Chem. Acta., 1972, 31, 87, 1972.
[19] D. A. Watson, “Simple method for the determination of serum
cholesterol,” Clin. Chem. Acta., 5, 637-642, 1960.
[20] H. Schriewer, U. Kohnert, G. Assmann, “Determination of LDL
cholesterol and LDL apolipoprotein B following precipitation of VLDL
in blood serum with phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2,” J. Clin. Chem. Clin.
Biochem., 22, 35-40, 1984.
[21] K. Katsumata, K. Kenichiro, H. Michinori, T. Kunihiko, N. Nobuo, K.
B. Steven, “Sevelamer hydrochloride prevents ectopic calcification and
renal osteodystro- phy in chronic renal failure rats,” Kidney Int., 64,
441–50, 2003.
[22] M. Shuvy, S. Abedat , R. Beeri, H. D. Danenberg, D. Planer, I. Z. Ben-
Dov, K. Meir, J. Sosna, and C. Lotan, “Uraemic hyperparathyroidism
causes a reversible inflammatory process of aortic valve calcification in
rats,” Cardiovascular Research, 79, 492–499, 2008.
[23] H. Okada, Y. Kaneko, T. Yawata, et al: “Reversibility of
adenineinduced renal failure in rats,” Clin Exp Nephrol., 3, 82–88, 1999.
[24] M. Tonelli, N. Pannu and B. Manns, “Oral Phosphate Binders in Patients
with Kidney Failure, ” N Engl J Med., 362, 1312-1324, 2010.
[25] D. Foque, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, J. D. Kopple, N. Canau, P. Chauveau, L.
Cuppari, H. Franch, G. Guarnieri, T. A. Ikizler, and G. A. Kaysen,
“Proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy
wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease,” Kidney Int., 73, 391-398,
2008.
[26] A. Bonanni, I. Mannucci, D. Verzola, A. Sofia, S. Saffioti, E. Gianetta,
and G. Garibotto, “Protein-Energy Wasting and Mortality in Chronic
Kidney Disease,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8, 1631-1654,
2011.
[27] K. Kalantar-Zadeh, R. D. Kilpatrick, and N. Kuwae, “Revisiting
mortality predictability of serum albumin in the dialysis population: time
dependency, longitudinal changes and population-attributable fraction,”
Nephrol. Dial. Transpl., 20, 1880-1888, 2005.
[28] T. A. Ikizler, R. I. Wingard, J. Harvell, Y. Shyr, and R. Hakim,
“Association of morbidity with markers of nutrition and inflammation in
chronic hemodialysis patients: A prospective study,” Kidney Int., 55,
1945-1951, 1999.
[29] G. M. Chertow, D. J. Goldstein-Fuchs, J. M. Lazarus, G. A. Kaysen,
“Prealbumin, mortality, and cause-specific hospitalization in
hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int., 68, 2794-2800, 2005.
[30] P. Stenvinkel, O. Haimburger, F. Paultre, U. Diczfalusy, T. Wang, L.
Berglund, and T. Jogestrand, “Strong association between malnutrition,
inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure,” Kidney Int.,
55, 1899-1911, 1999.
[31] V. Panichi, M. Migliori, S. De Pietro, D. Taccola, A. M. Bianchi, L.
Giovannini, M. Norpoth, M. R. Metelli, R. Cristofani, A. A. Bertelli, “Creactive
protein and interleukin-6 levels are related to renal function in
predialytic chronic renal failure,” Nephron, 91, 594-600, 2002.
[32] T. Nguyen-Khoa, Z. A. Massay, J. P. De Bandt, M. Kebede, L. Salama,
G. Lambrey, V. Witko-Sarsat, T. B. Drüeke, B. Lacour, and M.
Thévenin, “Oxidative stress and haemodialysis: Role of inflammation
and duration of dialysis treatment,” Nephrol. Dial. Transpl., 16, 335-
340, 2001.
[33] G. Ding, H. Van Goor, S. D. Ricardo, J. M. Orlowski, and J. R.
Diamond, “Oxidized LDL stimulates the expression of TGF and
fibronectin in human glomerular epithelial cells,” Kidney Int., 51, 147–
154, 1997.
[34] E. F. Gris, F. Mattivi, E. A. Ferreira, U. Vrhovsek, D. W. Filho, R. C.
Pedrosa, M. T. Bordignon-Luiz, “Stilbenes and tyrosol as target
compounds in the assessment of antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity
of Vitis vinifera red wines from southern Brazil.” J Agric Food Chem.,
59(14), 7954-61, 2011.
[35] G. M. Cole, G. P. Lim, and F. Yang, “Prevention of Alzheimer's disease:
Omega-3 fatty acid and phenolic antioxidant interventions,” Neurobiol.
Aging, 26S, S133 - S136, 2005.
[36] Rho K.A., Kim M.K. Effects of different grape formulations on
antioxidative capacity, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in
aged rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., Tokyo 2006; 52 (1): 33 - 46.
[37] J. A. Pereira, I. Oliveira, A. Sousa, I. Ferreira, A. Bento, and L.
Estevinho, “Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut
(Juglans regia L.) cultivars,” Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2103–2111,
2008.
[38] T. Fukuda, H. Ito, and T. Yoshida, “Antioxidative polyphenols from
walnuts (Juglans regia L.),” Phytochemistry, 63, 795–801, 2003.
[39] M. Colaric, R. Veberic, A. Solar, M. Hudina, and F. Stampar, “Phenolic
acids, syringaldehyde, and juglone in fruits of different cultivars of
Juglans regia L,” J. Agr. Food Chem., 53, 6390–6396, 2005.
[40] B. Muthaiyah, M. M. Essa, V. Chauhan, A. Chauhan, “Protective effects
of walnut extract against amyloid beta peptide-induced cell death and
oxidative stress in PC12 cells,” Neurochem Res., 36(11), 2096-103,
2011.
[41] S. Khatoon, and A. G. Gopalakrishna, “Fat-soluble nutraceuticals and
fatty acid composition of selected Indian rice varieties,” Journal of the
American Oil Chemists’ Society, 81, 939–943, 2004.
[42] H. Ardiansyah Shirakawa, T. Koseki, K. Ohinata, K. Hazhizume, and M.
Komai, “Rice bran fractions improve blood pressure, lipid profile, and
glucose metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats,”
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 1914–1920, 2006.
[43] Y. Saito, K. Ikushima, S. Hatakeda, T. Ito, and T. Goto, “Fractional
extraction of rice bran oil and its esters with supercritical carbon
dioxide,” Int. Chem.Eng., 33, 307 – 314, 1993.
[44] S. Christie, A. F. Walker, and G. T. Lewith, “Flavonoids - a new
direction for the treatment of fluid retention, “ Phytother Res ,15:, 467–
475, 2001.
[45] K. K. Hullatti, U. V. Gopikrishna, I.J.J Kuppast, “Phytochemical
investigation and diuretic activity of Cyclea peltata leaf extracts”, . Adv
Pharm Technol Res., 2(4), 241-4, 2011.
[46] F. Van Lente, and P. Sult, “Assessment of renal function by serum
creatinine and creatinine clearance: Glomerular filteration rate estimated
by four procedures,” Clin.Chem., 35 (12): 2326-2330, 1989.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:59331", author = "Sahar Y. Al-Okbi and Doha A. Mohamed and Thanaa E. Hamed and Ahmed Ms Hussein", title = "Cereals' Products with Red Grape and Walnut Extracts as Functional Foods for Prevention of Kidney Dysfunction", abstract = "In the present research, two nutraceuticals made from
red grape and walnut that showed previously to improve kidney
dysfunction were incorporated separately into functional foods' bread
made from barley and rice bran. The functional foods were evaluated
in rats in which chronic renal failure was induced through feeding
diet rich in adenine and phosphate (APD). The evaluation based on
assessing kidney function, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers
and body weight gain. Results showed induction of chronic kidney
failure reflected in significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine,
malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor- α and low density
lipoprotein cholesterol along with significant reduction of plasma
albumin, and total antioxidant and creatinine clearance and body
weight gain on feeding APD compared to control healthy group.
Feeding the functional foods produced amelioration in the different
biochemical parameters and body weight gain indicating
improvement in kidney function.
", keywords = "Functional food, kidney dysfunction, rats.", volume = "7", number = "7", pages = "618-7", }
