Centralized Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with MIMO in the Reporting Network over κ − μ Fading Channel
The IEEE 802.22 working group aims to drive the
Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) bands for data
communication to the rural area without interfering the TV broadcast.
In this paper, we arrive at a closed-form expression for average
detection probability of Fusion center (FC) with multiple antenna
over the κ − μ fading channel model. We consider a centralized
cooperative multiple antenna network for reporting. The DVB-T
samples forwarded by the secondary user (SU) were combined using
Maximum ratio combiner at FC, an energy detection is performed
to make the decision. The fading effects of the channel degrades
the detection probability of the FC, a generalized independent and
identically distributed (IID) κ − μ and an additive white Gaussian
noise (AWGN) channel is considered for reporting and sensing
respectively. The proposed system performance is verified through
simulation results.
[1] S. Haykin, “Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless
Communication”, IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications.,
vol.23, no.2, pp. 201-220, Feb. 2005.
[2] Stephen J. Shellhammer,“Spectrum sensing in IEEE 802.22”, IAPR
Wksp.Cognitive Info. Processing, pp. 1-6, Jun. 2008.
[3] IEEE. “IEEE 802.22 working group on wireless regional area networks”,
http://www.ieee802.org/22/. [4] M. Nekovee,“A survey of cognitive radio access to TV White
Spaces”,International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, pp.
1-8, 2010.
[5] R. A. Saeed, R. A. Mokhtar, “TV white spaces spectrum sensing:
Recent developments, opportunities and challenges”, International
Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and
Telecommunications (SETIT), pp. 21-24, 2012.
[6] Daniel Riviello, Roberto Garello, Sergio Benco, Floriana Crespi and
Alberto Perotti, “Sensing of DVB-T Signals for White Space Cognitive
Radio Systems”, The Third International Conference on Advances in
Cognitive Radio, pp. 12-17, 2013.
[7] D. Danev, “On signal detection techniques for the DVB-T standard”,
International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal
Processing (ISCCSP), pp. 1-5, 2010.
[8] Lei Chen, Qihang Peng, Jun Wang, Shaoqian Li, “Sensing schemes
for DVB-T in cognitive radio context”, International Conference on
Communications, Circuits and Systems, pp. 314-318, 2007.
[9] D. Danev, E. Axell, E. G. Larsson, “Spectrum sensing methods for
detection of DVB-T signals in AWGN and fading channels”, International
Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
(PIMRC), pp. 2721-2726, 2010.
[10] H. Urkowitz, “Energy detection of unknown deterministic signals”,
Proceedings of the IEEE., vol.55 no.4, pp. 523-531, 1967.
[11] Akyildiz F. Ian, Brandon F. Lo, and Ravikumar Balakrishnan,
“Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey”,
Phys. Commn., vol.4, no.1, pp. 40-46, 2011.
[12] Ganesan,G., and Y. (G.) Li., “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive
radio-part I: Two user networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol.6
no.6, 2204-2213, 2007.
[13] G. Ganesan,Y. (G.) Li., “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive
radio-part II: Multiuser networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol.
6, no. 6, 2214-2222, 2007.
[14] Jun Ma, G. Zhao and Y. Li, “Soft Combination and Detection for
cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks”, IEEE trans
on wireless commun., vol.7, no.11, pp.4502-4507, Nov. 2008.
[15] Sunmin Lim, Hoiyoon Jung, Myung-Sun Song, “Cooperative Spectrum
Sensing for IEEE 802.22 WRAN System”, Proc. of Internatonal
Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 1-5,
2009.
[16] J. Mietzner, R. Schober, L. Lampe, W. H. Gerstacker,P. A.
Hoeher, “Multiple-antenna techniques for wireless communications - a
comprehensive literature survey”, IEEE Communications Surveys and
Tutorials, vol.11, no.2, pp. 87-105, 2009.
[17] Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang and Chung G. Kang,
“MIMO-OFDM wireless communications with MATLAB”, John Wiley
and Sons, 2010.
[18] Daniel W. Bliss and Siddhartan Govindasamy, “Adaptive Wireless
Communications : MIMO Channels and Networks”, Cambridge Press,
2013.
[19] Pu Wang, Jun Fang, Ning Han, Hongbin Li, “Multiantenna-Assisted
Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1791-1800, 2010.
[20] A. Taherpour, M. Nasiri-Kenari, S. Gazor, “Multiple antenna spectrum
sensing in cognitive radios”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Commun.,
vol.9, no.2, pp. 814-823, 2010.
[21] Rui Zhang, Teng Joon Lim, Ying-Chang Liang, Yonghong Zeng,
“Multi-antenna based spectrum sensing for cognitive radios: A GLRT
approach”, IEEE Transactions on Commun., vol.58, no.1, pp. 84-88,
2010.
[22] Rui Zhang, Ying-Chang Liang, “Exploiting Multi-Antennas for
Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks”, IEEE
Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol.2, no.1, pp. 88-102,
2008.
[23] Hongjian Sun, A. Nallanathan, Jing Jiang, Cheng-Xiang Wang,
“Cooperative spectrum sensing with diversity reception in cognitive
radios”, International Conference on Communications and Networking
in China (CHINACOM), pp.216-220, 2011.
[24] S. Hariharan, S. Venkata Siva Prasad, P. Muthuchidambaranathan,
“Average detection probability analysis for cooperative - MIMO spectrum
sensing in cognitive radio networks”, International Conference on
Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI),
pp. 133-136, Aug. 2013.
[25] A. Singh, M. R. Bhatnagar, R. K. Mallik,“Cooperative Spectrum Sensing
in Multiple Antenna Based Cognitive Radio Network Using an Improved
Energy Detector”, IEEE Communications Letters, vol.16, no.1, pp.
64-67, 2012.
[26] S. Hariharan, P. Muthuchidambaranathan, “Analysis of Linear
Equalizers for Cooperative Multi-User MIMO Based Reporting
System”, International Journal of Electrical, Robotics, Electronics and
Communications Engineering, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 827-831, 2014.
[27] Liza, J., Muthumeenakshi, K., Radha, S., “Cooperative Spectrum
Sensing in a Realistic Cognitive Radio Environment”, International
Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology (ICRTIT), pp.
375-379, 2011.
[28] Gordon L. Stuber, Sami M. Almalfouh, Darryl Sale, “Interference
Analysis of TV-Band Whitespace”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97,
no. 4, pp. 741-754, April 2009.
[29] Yanxiao Zhao, M. D. Nashid Anjum, Min Song, “A New Interference
Model for the IEEE 802.22 Cognitive WRAN”,Computer Communication
and Networks (ICCCN), 2014 23rd International Conference on pp.
1-8, Aug. 2014.
[30] Navid Tadayon, Sonia Aissa, “Modeling and Analysis of Cognitive
Radio Based IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks”,IEEE trans
on wireless commun., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 4363-4375, Sep. 2013.
[31] W. Braun, U. Dersch, “A physical mobile radio channel model”,
Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol.40, no.2, pp. 472-482,
May 1991.
[32] S. Stein, “Fading Channel Issues in System Engineering”, Selected Areas
in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol.5, no.2, pp. 68-89, Feb 1987.
[33] F. F. Digham, M. S. Alouini and M. K. Simon “On the Energy Detection
of Unknown signals Over fading Channels”, IEEE Trans on Commun.
vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 21-25, 2007.
[34] M. D.Yacoub,“The κ−μ distribution and the η−μ distribution”, IEEE
Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol.49, no.1, pp. 68-81, Feb. 2007.
[35] N. Y. Ermolova, “Moment Generating Functions of the Generalized
η − μ and κ − μ Distributions and Their Applications to Performance
Evaluations of Communication Systems”, Communications Letters, IEEE,
vol.12, no.7, pp. 502-504, July 2008.
[36] G. S. Rabelo, U. S. Dias, M. D Yacoub,“The κ−μ Extreme distribution:
Characterizing severe fading conditions”, Microwave and Optoelectronics
Conference (IMOC), SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, pp. 244-248,
Nov. 2009.
[37] P. C. Sofotasios, E. Rebeiz, Li Zhang, T. A. Tsiftsis, D. Cabric, S.
Freear, “Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Over κ−μ and κ−μ
Extreme Fading Channels”, Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,
vol.62, no.3, pp. 1031-1040, March 2013.
[38] A.Papoulis, S. Unnikrishna Pillai, “Probability, Random variables and
Stochastic Process”, 4th ed., New work: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[39] I. S. Gradshteyn, I. M. Ryzhik, “Table of Integrals, Series and Products”,
6th ed., San Diego, CA:Academic 2000.
[40] A. H.Nuttall, “Some Integrals Involving the QM function”, IEEE trans
on Information Theory, vol.21, no.1, pp. 95-96, Jan. 1975.
[41] S. Shellhammer, G. Chouinard, “Spectrum sensing
requirements summary”, IEEE Std.802.22-06/0089r4,
2006. http://www.ieee802.org/22/Meeting documents/2006 July/
22-06-0089-04-0000-Spectrum-Sensing-Requirements-Summary.doc
[1] S. Haykin, “Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless
Communication”, IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications.,
vol.23, no.2, pp. 201-220, Feb. 2005.
[2] Stephen J. Shellhammer,“Spectrum sensing in IEEE 802.22”, IAPR
Wksp.Cognitive Info. Processing, pp. 1-6, Jun. 2008.
[3] IEEE. “IEEE 802.22 working group on wireless regional area networks”,
http://www.ieee802.org/22/. [4] M. Nekovee,“A survey of cognitive radio access to TV White
Spaces”,International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, pp.
1-8, 2010.
[5] R. A. Saeed, R. A. Mokhtar, “TV white spaces spectrum sensing:
Recent developments, opportunities and challenges”, International
Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and
Telecommunications (SETIT), pp. 21-24, 2012.
[6] Daniel Riviello, Roberto Garello, Sergio Benco, Floriana Crespi and
Alberto Perotti, “Sensing of DVB-T Signals for White Space Cognitive
Radio Systems”, The Third International Conference on Advances in
Cognitive Radio, pp. 12-17, 2013.
[7] D. Danev, “On signal detection techniques for the DVB-T standard”,
International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal
Processing (ISCCSP), pp. 1-5, 2010.
[8] Lei Chen, Qihang Peng, Jun Wang, Shaoqian Li, “Sensing schemes
for DVB-T in cognitive radio context”, International Conference on
Communications, Circuits and Systems, pp. 314-318, 2007.
[9] D. Danev, E. Axell, E. G. Larsson, “Spectrum sensing methods for
detection of DVB-T signals in AWGN and fading channels”, International
Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
(PIMRC), pp. 2721-2726, 2010.
[10] H. Urkowitz, “Energy detection of unknown deterministic signals”,
Proceedings of the IEEE., vol.55 no.4, pp. 523-531, 1967.
[11] Akyildiz F. Ian, Brandon F. Lo, and Ravikumar Balakrishnan,
“Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey”,
Phys. Commn., vol.4, no.1, pp. 40-46, 2011.
[12] Ganesan,G., and Y. (G.) Li., “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive
radio-part I: Two user networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol.6
no.6, 2204-2213, 2007.
[13] G. Ganesan,Y. (G.) Li., “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive
radio-part II: Multiuser networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol.
6, no. 6, 2214-2222, 2007.
[14] Jun Ma, G. Zhao and Y. Li, “Soft Combination and Detection for
cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks”, IEEE trans
on wireless commun., vol.7, no.11, pp.4502-4507, Nov. 2008.
[15] Sunmin Lim, Hoiyoon Jung, Myung-Sun Song, “Cooperative Spectrum
Sensing for IEEE 802.22 WRAN System”, Proc. of Internatonal
Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 1-5,
2009.
[16] J. Mietzner, R. Schober, L. Lampe, W. H. Gerstacker,P. A.
Hoeher, “Multiple-antenna techniques for wireless communications - a
comprehensive literature survey”, IEEE Communications Surveys and
Tutorials, vol.11, no.2, pp. 87-105, 2009.
[17] Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang and Chung G. Kang,
“MIMO-OFDM wireless communications with MATLAB”, John Wiley
and Sons, 2010.
[18] Daniel W. Bliss and Siddhartan Govindasamy, “Adaptive Wireless
Communications : MIMO Channels and Networks”, Cambridge Press,
2013.
[19] Pu Wang, Jun Fang, Ning Han, Hongbin Li, “Multiantenna-Assisted
Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1791-1800, 2010.
[20] A. Taherpour, M. Nasiri-Kenari, S. Gazor, “Multiple antenna spectrum
sensing in cognitive radios”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Commun.,
vol.9, no.2, pp. 814-823, 2010.
[21] Rui Zhang, Teng Joon Lim, Ying-Chang Liang, Yonghong Zeng,
“Multi-antenna based spectrum sensing for cognitive radios: A GLRT
approach”, IEEE Transactions on Commun., vol.58, no.1, pp. 84-88,
2010.
[22] Rui Zhang, Ying-Chang Liang, “Exploiting Multi-Antennas for
Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks”, IEEE
Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol.2, no.1, pp. 88-102,
2008.
[23] Hongjian Sun, A. Nallanathan, Jing Jiang, Cheng-Xiang Wang,
“Cooperative spectrum sensing with diversity reception in cognitive
radios”, International Conference on Communications and Networking
in China (CHINACOM), pp.216-220, 2011.
[24] S. Hariharan, S. Venkata Siva Prasad, P. Muthuchidambaranathan,
“Average detection probability analysis for cooperative - MIMO spectrum
sensing in cognitive radio networks”, International Conference on
Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI),
pp. 133-136, Aug. 2013.
[25] A. Singh, M. R. Bhatnagar, R. K. Mallik,“Cooperative Spectrum Sensing
in Multiple Antenna Based Cognitive Radio Network Using an Improved
Energy Detector”, IEEE Communications Letters, vol.16, no.1, pp.
64-67, 2012.
[26] S. Hariharan, P. Muthuchidambaranathan, “Analysis of Linear
Equalizers for Cooperative Multi-User MIMO Based Reporting
System”, International Journal of Electrical, Robotics, Electronics and
Communications Engineering, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 827-831, 2014.
[27] Liza, J., Muthumeenakshi, K., Radha, S., “Cooperative Spectrum
Sensing in a Realistic Cognitive Radio Environment”, International
Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology (ICRTIT), pp.
375-379, 2011.
[28] Gordon L. Stuber, Sami M. Almalfouh, Darryl Sale, “Interference
Analysis of TV-Band Whitespace”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97,
no. 4, pp. 741-754, April 2009.
[29] Yanxiao Zhao, M. D. Nashid Anjum, Min Song, “A New Interference
Model for the IEEE 802.22 Cognitive WRAN”,Computer Communication
and Networks (ICCCN), 2014 23rd International Conference on pp.
1-8, Aug. 2014.
[30] Navid Tadayon, Sonia Aissa, “Modeling and Analysis of Cognitive
Radio Based IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks”,IEEE trans
on wireless commun., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 4363-4375, Sep. 2013.
[31] W. Braun, U. Dersch, “A physical mobile radio channel model”,
Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol.40, no.2, pp. 472-482,
May 1991.
[32] S. Stein, “Fading Channel Issues in System Engineering”, Selected Areas
in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol.5, no.2, pp. 68-89, Feb 1987.
[33] F. F. Digham, M. S. Alouini and M. K. Simon “On the Energy Detection
of Unknown signals Over fading Channels”, IEEE Trans on Commun.
vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 21-25, 2007.
[34] M. D.Yacoub,“The κ−μ distribution and the η−μ distribution”, IEEE
Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol.49, no.1, pp. 68-81, Feb. 2007.
[35] N. Y. Ermolova, “Moment Generating Functions of the Generalized
η − μ and κ − μ Distributions and Their Applications to Performance
Evaluations of Communication Systems”, Communications Letters, IEEE,
vol.12, no.7, pp. 502-504, July 2008.
[36] G. S. Rabelo, U. S. Dias, M. D Yacoub,“The κ−μ Extreme distribution:
Characterizing severe fading conditions”, Microwave and Optoelectronics
Conference (IMOC), SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, pp. 244-248,
Nov. 2009.
[37] P. C. Sofotasios, E. Rebeiz, Li Zhang, T. A. Tsiftsis, D. Cabric, S.
Freear, “Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Over κ−μ and κ−μ
Extreme Fading Channels”, Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,
vol.62, no.3, pp. 1031-1040, March 2013.
[38] A.Papoulis, S. Unnikrishna Pillai, “Probability, Random variables and
Stochastic Process”, 4th ed., New work: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[39] I. S. Gradshteyn, I. M. Ryzhik, “Table of Integrals, Series and Products”,
6th ed., San Diego, CA:Academic 2000.
[40] A. H.Nuttall, “Some Integrals Involving the QM function”, IEEE trans
on Information Theory, vol.21, no.1, pp. 95-96, Jan. 1975.
[41] S. Shellhammer, G. Chouinard, “Spectrum sensing
requirements summary”, IEEE Std.802.22-06/0089r4,
2006. http://www.ieee802.org/22/Meeting documents/2006 July/
22-06-0089-04-0000-Spectrum-Sensing-Requirements-Summary.doc
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:68786", author = "S Hariharan and K Chaitanya and P Muthuchidambaranathan", title = "Centralized Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with MIMO in the Reporting Network over κ − μ Fading Channel", abstract = "The IEEE 802.22 working group aims to drive the
Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) bands for data
communication to the rural area without interfering the TV broadcast.
In this paper, we arrive at a closed-form expression for average
detection probability of Fusion center (FC) with multiple antenna
over the κ − μ fading channel model. We consider a centralized
cooperative multiple antenna network for reporting. The DVB-T
samples forwarded by the secondary user (SU) were combined using
Maximum ratio combiner at FC, an energy detection is performed
to make the decision. The fading effects of the channel degrades
the detection probability of the FC, a generalized independent and
identically distributed (IID) κ − μ and an additive white Gaussian
noise (AWGN) channel is considered for reporting and sensing
respectively. The proposed system performance is verified through
simulation results.
", keywords = "IEEE 802.22, Cooperative spectrum sensing, Multiple antenna, κ − μ .", volume = "8", number = "11", pages = "1808-6", }
