Calculation of the Forces Acting on the Knee Joint When Rising from Kneeling Positions (Effects of the Leg Alignment and the Arm Assistance on the Knee Joint Forces)
Knee joint forces are available by in vivo measurement
using an instrumented knee prosthesis for small to moderate knee
flexion but not for high flexion yet. We created a 2D mathematical
model of the lower limb incorporating several new features such as a
patello-femoral mechanism, a thigh-calf contact at high knee flexion
and co-contracting muscles' force ratio, then used it to determine knee
joint forces arising from high knee flexions in four kneeling
conditions: rising with legs in parallel, with one foot forward, with or
without arm use. With arms used, the maximum values of knee joint
force decreased to about 60% of those with arms not used. When rising
with one foot forward, if arms are not used, the forward leg sustains a
force as large as that sustained when rising with legs parallel.
[1] D. D. D'Lima, S. Patil, N. Steklov, S. Chien, C. W. Colwell, "In vivo knee
moments and shear after total knee arthroplasty," J.Biomech., vol. 40,
s11-s17, Apr. 2007.
[2] I. Kutzner, B. Heinlein, F. Graichen, A. Bender, A. Rohlmann, A. Halder,
et al., "Loading of the knee joint during activities of daily living measured
in vivo in five subjects," J.Biomech., vol. 43, pp.2164-2173, Aug. 2010.
[3] N. J. Dahlkvist, P. Mayo, B. B. Seedhom, "Forces during squatting and
rising from a deep squat," Eng. in Med., vol. 11, pp.69-76, Apr. 1982.
[4] T. Nagura, H. Matsumoto, Y. Kiriyama, A. Chaudharl, T. P. Andriacchi,
"Tibiofemoral joint contact force in deep knee flexion and its
consideration in knee osteoarthritis and joint replacement," J Applied
Biomech., vol. 22, pp.305-313, Apr. 2006.
[5] S. M. Smith, R. A. Cockburn, A. Hemmerich, R. M. Li, U. P. Wyss,
"Tibiofemoral joint contact forces and knee kinematics during squatting,"
Gait & Posture., vol. 27, pp.376-38, Apr. 2008.
[6] N. Zheng, G. S. Fleisig, R. F. Escamilla, S. W. Barrentine, "An analytical
model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise,"
J.Biomech., vol. 31, pp.963-967, Oct. 1998.
[7] H. H. Huberti, W. C. Hayes, J. L. Stone, G. T. Shybut, "Force ratios in the
quadriceps tendon and ligamentum patellae," J.Orthop. Rel. Res., vol. 2,
pp.49-54, Janu. 1984.
[8] G. M. Powers, Y-J. Chen, I. Scher, T. Q. Lee, "The influence of
patellofemoral joint contact geometry on the modeling of three
dimensional patellofemoral joint forces," J.Biomech., vol. 39,
pp.2783-2791, Dec. 2006.
[9] T. M. G. I. Van Eijden, E. Kouwenhoven, J. Verburg, W. A. Weijs, "A
mathematical model of the patellar femoral joint," J.Biomech., vol. 19,
pp.219-229, Mar. 1986.
[10] J. Zelle, M. Barink, D. W. Malefijt, N. Verdonschot, "Thigh-calf contact:
Does it affect the loading of the knee in the high-flexion range?,"
J.Biomech., vol. 42, pp.587-593, Mar. 2009.
[11] R. A. Brand, D. R. Pedersen, J. A. Friederich, "The sensitivity of muscle
force predictions to changes in physiologic cross-sectional area,"
J.Biomech., vol. 19, pp.589-596, Aug. 1986.
[12] G. N. Duda, D. Brand, S. Freitag, W. Lierse, F. Schneider, "Variablity of
femoral muscle attachments," J.Biomech., vol.29, pp.1185-1190, Sep.
1996.
[13] M. Ikai, and T. Fukunaga, "Calculation of muscle strength per unit
cross-sectional area of human muscle by means of ultrasonic
measurement," Int. Z. angew. Physiol. einschl. Arbeitphysiol, vol. 26,
pp.26-32, Mar. 1968.
[14] C. E. Clauser, J. T. McConville, J. W. Young, "Weight, volume, and
center of mass of segments of the human body," National Technical
Information Service 60, Aug. 1969, pp.1-101.
[15] S. M. Acker, R. A. Cockburn, J. Krevolin, R. M. Li, S. Tarabichi, U. P.
Wyss, "Knee kinematics of high-flexion activities of daily living
performed by male Muslims in the middle east," J.Arthroplasty, vol. 26,
pp.319-327, Feb. 2011.
[16] S. Nakagawa, Y. Kadoya, A. Kobayashi, I. Tatsumi, N. Nishida, Y.
Yamano, "Kinematics of the patella in deep flexion: Analysis with
magnetic resonance imaging," J Bone Joint Surg., vol. 85, pp.1238-1242,
July 2003.
[17] M Kumamoto, T. Oshima, T. Fujikawa, "Control properties of a two-joint
link mechanism equipped with mono- and bi-articular actuators
(Published Conference Proceedings style)," in Proc. The Workshop on
Robot and Human Interface Communication, September, Osaka, Japan, Sept. 2000.
[1] D. D. D'Lima, S. Patil, N. Steklov, S. Chien, C. W. Colwell, "In vivo knee
moments and shear after total knee arthroplasty," J.Biomech., vol. 40,
s11-s17, Apr. 2007.
[2] I. Kutzner, B. Heinlein, F. Graichen, A. Bender, A. Rohlmann, A. Halder,
et al., "Loading of the knee joint during activities of daily living measured
in vivo in five subjects," J.Biomech., vol. 43, pp.2164-2173, Aug. 2010.
[3] N. J. Dahlkvist, P. Mayo, B. B. Seedhom, "Forces during squatting and
rising from a deep squat," Eng. in Med., vol. 11, pp.69-76, Apr. 1982.
[4] T. Nagura, H. Matsumoto, Y. Kiriyama, A. Chaudharl, T. P. Andriacchi,
"Tibiofemoral joint contact force in deep knee flexion and its
consideration in knee osteoarthritis and joint replacement," J Applied
Biomech., vol. 22, pp.305-313, Apr. 2006.
[5] S. M. Smith, R. A. Cockburn, A. Hemmerich, R. M. Li, U. P. Wyss,
"Tibiofemoral joint contact forces and knee kinematics during squatting,"
Gait & Posture., vol. 27, pp.376-38, Apr. 2008.
[6] N. Zheng, G. S. Fleisig, R. F. Escamilla, S. W. Barrentine, "An analytical
model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise,"
J.Biomech., vol. 31, pp.963-967, Oct. 1998.
[7] H. H. Huberti, W. C. Hayes, J. L. Stone, G. T. Shybut, "Force ratios in the
quadriceps tendon and ligamentum patellae," J.Orthop. Rel. Res., vol. 2,
pp.49-54, Janu. 1984.
[8] G. M. Powers, Y-J. Chen, I. Scher, T. Q. Lee, "The influence of
patellofemoral joint contact geometry on the modeling of three
dimensional patellofemoral joint forces," J.Biomech., vol. 39,
pp.2783-2791, Dec. 2006.
[9] T. M. G. I. Van Eijden, E. Kouwenhoven, J. Verburg, W. A. Weijs, "A
mathematical model of the patellar femoral joint," J.Biomech., vol. 19,
pp.219-229, Mar. 1986.
[10] J. Zelle, M. Barink, D. W. Malefijt, N. Verdonschot, "Thigh-calf contact:
Does it affect the loading of the knee in the high-flexion range?,"
J.Biomech., vol. 42, pp.587-593, Mar. 2009.
[11] R. A. Brand, D. R. Pedersen, J. A. Friederich, "The sensitivity of muscle
force predictions to changes in physiologic cross-sectional area,"
J.Biomech., vol. 19, pp.589-596, Aug. 1986.
[12] G. N. Duda, D. Brand, S. Freitag, W. Lierse, F. Schneider, "Variablity of
femoral muscle attachments," J.Biomech., vol.29, pp.1185-1190, Sep.
1996.
[13] M. Ikai, and T. Fukunaga, "Calculation of muscle strength per unit
cross-sectional area of human muscle by means of ultrasonic
measurement," Int. Z. angew. Physiol. einschl. Arbeitphysiol, vol. 26,
pp.26-32, Mar. 1968.
[14] C. E. Clauser, J. T. McConville, J. W. Young, "Weight, volume, and
center of mass of segments of the human body," National Technical
Information Service 60, Aug. 1969, pp.1-101.
[15] S. M. Acker, R. A. Cockburn, J. Krevolin, R. M. Li, S. Tarabichi, U. P.
Wyss, "Knee kinematics of high-flexion activities of daily living
performed by male Muslims in the middle east," J.Arthroplasty, vol. 26,
pp.319-327, Feb. 2011.
[16] S. Nakagawa, Y. Kadoya, A. Kobayashi, I. Tatsumi, N. Nishida, Y.
Yamano, "Kinematics of the patella in deep flexion: Analysis with
magnetic resonance imaging," J Bone Joint Surg., vol. 85, pp.1238-1242,
July 2003.
[17] M Kumamoto, T. Oshima, T. Fujikawa, "Control properties of a two-joint
link mechanism equipped with mono- and bi-articular actuators
(Published Conference Proceedings style)," in Proc. The Workshop on
Robot and Human Interface Communication, September, Osaka, Japan, Sept. 2000.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:50003", author = "S. Hirokawa and M. Fukunaga and M. Mawatari", title = "Calculation of the Forces Acting on the Knee Joint When Rising from Kneeling Positions (Effects of the Leg Alignment and the Arm Assistance on the Knee Joint Forces)", abstract = "Knee joint forces are available by in vivo measurement
using an instrumented knee prosthesis for small to moderate knee
flexion but not for high flexion yet. We created a 2D mathematical
model of the lower limb incorporating several new features such as a
patello-femoral mechanism, a thigh-calf contact at high knee flexion
and co-contracting muscles' force ratio, then used it to determine knee
joint forces arising from high knee flexions in four kneeling
conditions: rising with legs in parallel, with one foot forward, with or
without arm use. With arms used, the maximum values of knee joint
force decreased to about 60% of those with arms not used. When rising
with one foot forward, if arms are not used, the forward leg sustains a
force as large as that sustained when rising with legs parallel.", keywords = "Knee joint force, kneeling, mathematical model, biomechanics.", volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "86-6", }
