This paper discusses micrometeorological aspects of the urban climate in three cities in Western São Paulo State: Presidente Prudente, Assis and Iepê. Particular attention is paid to the method used to estimate the components of the energy balance at the surface. Estimates of convective fluxes showed that the Bowen ratio was an indicator of the local climate and that its magnitude varied between 0.3 and 0.7. Maximum values for the Bowen ratio occurred earlier in Iepê (11:00 am) than in Presidente Prudente (4:00 pm). The results indicate that the Bowen ratio is modulated by the radiation balance at the surface and by different clusters of vegetation.
[1] A. J. Arnfield, “Review: two decades of urban climate research: a
review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat
island” in International Journal of Climatology, 2003, vol. 23, pp. 1–26.
[2] V. Masson “Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of
cities” in Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2006, vol. 84, pp. 35–
45.
[3] B. Offerle, C. S. B. Grimmond. and T. R. Oke “Parameterization of net
all-wave radiation for urban areas” in Journal of Applied Meteorology,
2003, vol. 42, pp.1157-1173.
[4] T. R. de Azevedo “O fluxo de calor gerado pelas atividades humanas” in
GEOUSP, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 71 – 93 (in Portuguese).
[5] J. R. Tarifa and C. A. F. Monteiro “Balanço de energia em seqüência de
tipos de tempo: uma avaliação no oeste paulista (Presidente Prudente)
1968-1969” in Climatologia, 1972, 15 (9)f (in Portuguese).
[6] H. L. Pradella “A construção do conceito de “tipos de tempo” entre os
séculos XVII e XXI, no âmbito das Ciências Atmosféricas” Dissertação
de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas,
Universidade de São Paulo, 2014 (in Portuguese).
[7] IBGE – Iinstituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Disponível em <
http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/ >. Acessado em 3 de dezembro de
2012 (in Portuguese).
[8] R. Ellefsen “Mapping and measuring buildings in the urban canopy
boundary layer in ten US cities” in Energy and Buildings, 1991, v. 16,
pp.1025-1049.
[9] M. J. Ferreira, A. P. de Oliveira and J. Soares “Diurnal variation in
stored energy flux in São Paulo city, Brazil” in Urban Climate, 2013,
v.5, pp. 36-51.
[10] T. R. Oke Boundary Layer Climates, 2ª ed., London, Routledge, 1987.
[11] A. Goldbach and W. Kuttler “Quantification of turbulent heat fluxes for
adaptation strategies within urban planning” in Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Urban Climates (ICUC8), Dublin College
University, Ireland, 83, August 6th to 10 th, 2012.
[1] A. J. Arnfield, “Review: two decades of urban climate research: a
review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat
island” in International Journal of Climatology, 2003, vol. 23, pp. 1–26.
[2] V. Masson “Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of
cities” in Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2006, vol. 84, pp. 35–
45.
[3] B. Offerle, C. S. B. Grimmond. and T. R. Oke “Parameterization of net
all-wave radiation for urban areas” in Journal of Applied Meteorology,
2003, vol. 42, pp.1157-1173.
[4] T. R. de Azevedo “O fluxo de calor gerado pelas atividades humanas” in
GEOUSP, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 71 – 93 (in Portuguese).
[5] J. R. Tarifa and C. A. F. Monteiro “Balanço de energia em seqüência de
tipos de tempo: uma avaliação no oeste paulista (Presidente Prudente)
1968-1969” in Climatologia, 1972, 15 (9)f (in Portuguese).
[6] H. L. Pradella “A construção do conceito de “tipos de tempo” entre os
séculos XVII e XXI, no âmbito das Ciências Atmosféricas” Dissertação
de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas,
Universidade de São Paulo, 2014 (in Portuguese).
[7] IBGE – Iinstituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Disponível em <
http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/ >. Acessado em 3 de dezembro de
2012 (in Portuguese).
[8] R. Ellefsen “Mapping and measuring buildings in the urban canopy
boundary layer in ten US cities” in Energy and Buildings, 1991, v. 16,
pp.1025-1049.
[9] M. J. Ferreira, A. P. de Oliveira and J. Soares “Diurnal variation in
stored energy flux in São Paulo city, Brazil” in Urban Climate, 2013,
v.5, pp. 36-51.
[10] T. R. Oke Boundary Layer Climates, 2ª ed., London, Routledge, 1987.
[11] A. Goldbach and W. Kuttler “Quantification of turbulent heat fluxes for
adaptation strategies within urban planning” in Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Urban Climates (ICUC8), Dublin College
University, Ireland, 83, August 6th to 10 th, 2012.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:71024", author = "Elaine C. Barboza and Antonio J. Machado", title = "Bowen Ratio in Western São Paulo State, Brazil", abstract = "This paper discusses micrometeorological aspects of the urban climate in three cities in Western São Paulo State: Presidente Prudente, Assis and Iepê. Particular attention is paid to the method used to estimate the components of the energy balance at the surface. Estimates of convective fluxes showed that the Bowen ratio was an indicator of the local climate and that its magnitude varied between 0.3 and 0.7. Maximum values for the Bowen ratio occurred earlier in Iepê (11:00 am) than in Presidente Prudente (4:00 pm). The results indicate that the Bowen ratio is modulated by the radiation balance at the surface and by different clusters of vegetation.
", keywords = "Bowen ratio, medium-sized cities, surface energy balance, urban climate.
", volume = "9", number = "10", pages = "1236-4", }
