Bipolar Square Wave Pulses for Liquid Food Sterilization using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
This paper presents the generation of bipolar square
wave pulses with characteristics that are suitable for liquid food
sterilization using a Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI).
Bipolar square waves pulses have been reported as stable for a
longer time during the sterilization process with minimum heat
emission and increased efficiency. The CHMI allows the system to
produce bipolar square wave pulses and yielding high output voltage
without using a transformer while fulfilling the pulse requirements
for effective liquid food sterilization. This in turn can reduce power
consumption and cost of the overall liquid food sterilization system.
The simulation results have shown that pulses with peak output
voltage of 2.4 kV, pulse width of between 1 2s and 1 ms at
frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz can be generated by a 7-level
CHMI. Results from the experimental set-up based on a 5-level
CHMI has indicated the potential of the proposed circuit in
producing bipolar square wave output pulses with peak values that
depends on the DC source level supplied to the CHMI modules,
pulse width of between 12.5 2s and 1 ms at frequencies of 50 Hz
and 100 Hz.
[1] B.L. Qin, H..Pothakamury, H. Vega, O. Martin, G.V. Barbosa
Canovas, B.G. Swanson, "Food Pasteurization Using High Intensity
Pulsed Electric Fiel," Food Technol, 49(12), pp 55-60.1995a.
[2] A. V. Charles-Rodriguez, G. V. Nevarez-Moorillon, Q. H. Zhang, and E.
Ortega- Rivas, " Comparison of thermal processing and pulsed electric
fields treatment in pasteurization of apple juice," IChemE Trans , Part
C, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2007, 85(C2), pp93-97.
[3] A.J.Castro, G.V. Barbosa-Canovas, B.G. Swanson, " Microbial
Inactivation of Foods by Pulsed Electric Field," Journal od Food
Preservation, Vol 17, no 1, pp 47-73. 1993.
[4] K.H. Schoenbach, R.P. Joshi, R.H. Starks, F.C. Dobbs, S.J. Beebe,
"Bacterial Decontamination of Liquids with Pulsed Electric Field,"
IEEE Transaction on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation 7(5), pp. 637-
645. 2000.
[5] J. R. Grenier, S. H. Jayaram, M. Kazerani, H. Wang, and M. W.
Griffiths., "MOSFET-Based Pulse Power Supply for Bacterial
Transformation," IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, Vol 44,No 1,
pp 25-pp31. 2008.
[6] S. B. Dev, D. P. Rabussay, G. Widera, and G. A. Hoffmann,
"Medicalapplications of electroporation," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol.
28, no. 1, pp. 206-223, Feb. 2000.
[7] R. Ramaswamy, T. Jin, V.M. Balasubramaniam, H. Zhang, "Pulsed
Electric Field Processing," Fact Sheet For Food Processor, FSE-2-05,
pp 1-3.2009.
[8] S.R. Alkhafaji, M. Farid, "An Investigation on Pulsed Electric Field
technology using new treatment chamber design," Innovative Food
Science and Emerging Technologies 8, pp 205 -212. 2007.
[9] X.Zhang, C. Zhang and J. Fang, "Simulation of Square Wave Pulsed
Circuit for Sterilization Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK," ICCE
Computer Society, 2008, pp 635-638.
[10] T.-Fu Wu, S.-Y. Tseng, M.-W. Wu,Y.-M. Chen, " Narrow Pulsed
Voltage Generator for Liquid Food Sterilization," IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics Applied Research, pp 1354- 1360.2006.
[11] J.R. Beveridge, S. J. MacGregor , L.Marsili, J.G. Anderson, R.A.
Fouracre. "The Infuence of Pulse Duration on the Inactivation of
Bacteria Using Monopalar and Bipolar Profile Pulsed Electric Fields,"
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science ,vol 33, no 4, pp 1287-1293. 2005
[12] Y. Birbir, S. Elver, " Modification of a PEF Source that Produce both
Wide and Narrow Pulses," WEAS/IASME International Conference on
ElectricPower System, pp 52- 57. 2006.
[13] S.-Y. Tseng, Y.-D. Chang, P.-L. Huang, T.-F. Wu, Y.-M. Chen,
"Leakage Energy Recovered Narrow Pulsed Voltage Generator
Associated with Ultrasound Generator for Liquid Food Sterilization,"
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics and Drives System , pp 1132-
1137. 2007.
[14] T.-Fu Wu, S.-Y. Tseng, M.-W. Wu,Y.-M. Chen, "Narrow Pulsed
Electric Field Generator Using Forward/ Flyback Hybrid Converter for
Liquid Food Sterilization," IEEE Transactions on ICSET, pp 910- 915.
2008.
[15] S.-Y. Tseng, T.-F. Wu, and Y.M Chen, "Wide Pulse Combined With
Narrow-Pulse Generator for Food Sterilization," IEEE Transctions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, No2 pp 741-748. February 2008.
[16] Matsumoto, Y. Shioji, N., Satake, T. ,Sakuma, "Inactivation of
microorganisms by pulsed high voltage application," Industrial
Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, pp 652- 659.
[17] H. V. Mercado, O. M- Belloso, B.L. Qin, F. J. Chang, M.M. G-Neito,
G.V. B-Canovas, B.G. Swanson, " Non-thermal food preservation:
Pulsed electric fields," vol 8, pp 151-157. May 1997.
[18] J. Kuldilpke, M.N. Eshtiaghi, " Application of non- thermal processing
for preservation of orange juice," vol 8, pp 64- 73. Dec 2008.
[19] K. Huang, J. Wang, " Design of pulsed electric fields treatment
chambers for liquid foods pasteurization," A review. Journal of Food
Engineering, pp 227-239. 2009.
[20] Wouters, P.C and Smelt, J.P.P.M, "Inactivation of microorganism with
pulsed electric field: Potential of food preservation," Food
Biotechnology, 11(3), pp 193-229. 1997.
[21] S.H. Jayaram, A. H. El-Hag, F.P. Espino-Cortes, R.J. Wong, C.
Leibovitch., "Effects of Process Parameters on the Shape of Nanosecond
Pulses Used in High-Field Liquid Food Treatment," IEEE Transaction
on Industry Applications, vol 41, no 2, pp 520-526. March/April 2005.
[22] H.W. Yeom, C.B. Streaker, Q.H. Zhang and D.B. Min, " Effects of
pulsed electric fields on the quality of orange juice and comparison with
heat pasteurization," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48 (10)
pp. 4597-4605.2000.
[23] S.-Yu Tseng, T.-Fu Wu, M.-W. Wu, "Bipolar Narrow-Pulse Generator
With Energy - Recovery Feature for Liquid-Food Sterilization," IEEE
Transcations On Industrial Elecronics, vol 55, no 1, pp 123- 132.
January 2008.
[24] H.W. Yeom, C.B. Streaker, Q.H. Zhang and D.B. Min, " Effects of
pulsed electric fields on the quality of orange juice and comparison with
heat pasteurization," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48 (10)
pp. 4597-4605.2000.
[25] J.R. Beveridge, S. J. MacGregor , L.Marsili, J.G. Anderson, N J. Rowan,
O. Farish, "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Biphase and Monophase
Rectangular Pulses for the Inactivation of Micro-0rganisms Using
Pulsed Electric Fields," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science , vol 30,
no 4, pp 1525-1531.2002.
[26] V. Palanimuthu, P. Rajkumar, V. Orsat, V. Garipey, G.S.V Raghavan,
"Improving Canberry Shelf- Life using High Voltage Electric Field,"
Journal Of Food Engineering.2008.
[27] P. Buta and B. Tauscher, Emerging technologies: chemical aspects, Food
Research International 35 (2-3) ,2002, pp. 279-284.
[28] S.-Y. Tseng, T.-F. Wu, H.-R. Yang, J.-C. Guo, and J.-C. Hung, "Soft-
Switching Series-Resonant Converter to Generate High Output Voltage
for Processing Microbes," IEEE paper for power electronics applied
research laboratory, pp 905- 911.2004.
[1] B.L. Qin, H..Pothakamury, H. Vega, O. Martin, G.V. Barbosa
Canovas, B.G. Swanson, "Food Pasteurization Using High Intensity
Pulsed Electric Fiel," Food Technol, 49(12), pp 55-60.1995a.
[2] A. V. Charles-Rodriguez, G. V. Nevarez-Moorillon, Q. H. Zhang, and E.
Ortega- Rivas, " Comparison of thermal processing and pulsed electric
fields treatment in pasteurization of apple juice," IChemE Trans , Part
C, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2007, 85(C2), pp93-97.
[3] A.J.Castro, G.V. Barbosa-Canovas, B.G. Swanson, " Microbial
Inactivation of Foods by Pulsed Electric Field," Journal od Food
Preservation, Vol 17, no 1, pp 47-73. 1993.
[4] K.H. Schoenbach, R.P. Joshi, R.H. Starks, F.C. Dobbs, S.J. Beebe,
"Bacterial Decontamination of Liquids with Pulsed Electric Field,"
IEEE Transaction on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation 7(5), pp. 637-
645. 2000.
[5] J. R. Grenier, S. H. Jayaram, M. Kazerani, H. Wang, and M. W.
Griffiths., "MOSFET-Based Pulse Power Supply for Bacterial
Transformation," IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, Vol 44,No 1,
pp 25-pp31. 2008.
[6] S. B. Dev, D. P. Rabussay, G. Widera, and G. A. Hoffmann,
"Medicalapplications of electroporation," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol.
28, no. 1, pp. 206-223, Feb. 2000.
[7] R. Ramaswamy, T. Jin, V.M. Balasubramaniam, H. Zhang, "Pulsed
Electric Field Processing," Fact Sheet For Food Processor, FSE-2-05,
pp 1-3.2009.
[8] S.R. Alkhafaji, M. Farid, "An Investigation on Pulsed Electric Field
technology using new treatment chamber design," Innovative Food
Science and Emerging Technologies 8, pp 205 -212. 2007.
[9] X.Zhang, C. Zhang and J. Fang, "Simulation of Square Wave Pulsed
Circuit for Sterilization Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK," ICCE
Computer Society, 2008, pp 635-638.
[10] T.-Fu Wu, S.-Y. Tseng, M.-W. Wu,Y.-M. Chen, " Narrow Pulsed
Voltage Generator for Liquid Food Sterilization," IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics Applied Research, pp 1354- 1360.2006.
[11] J.R. Beveridge, S. J. MacGregor , L.Marsili, J.G. Anderson, R.A.
Fouracre. "The Infuence of Pulse Duration on the Inactivation of
Bacteria Using Monopalar and Bipolar Profile Pulsed Electric Fields,"
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science ,vol 33, no 4, pp 1287-1293. 2005
[12] Y. Birbir, S. Elver, " Modification of a PEF Source that Produce both
Wide and Narrow Pulses," WEAS/IASME International Conference on
ElectricPower System, pp 52- 57. 2006.
[13] S.-Y. Tseng, Y.-D. Chang, P.-L. Huang, T.-F. Wu, Y.-M. Chen,
"Leakage Energy Recovered Narrow Pulsed Voltage Generator
Associated with Ultrasound Generator for Liquid Food Sterilization,"
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics and Drives System , pp 1132-
1137. 2007.
[14] T.-Fu Wu, S.-Y. Tseng, M.-W. Wu,Y.-M. Chen, "Narrow Pulsed
Electric Field Generator Using Forward/ Flyback Hybrid Converter for
Liquid Food Sterilization," IEEE Transactions on ICSET, pp 910- 915.
2008.
[15] S.-Y. Tseng, T.-F. Wu, and Y.M Chen, "Wide Pulse Combined With
Narrow-Pulse Generator for Food Sterilization," IEEE Transctions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, No2 pp 741-748. February 2008.
[16] Matsumoto, Y. Shioji, N., Satake, T. ,Sakuma, "Inactivation of
microorganisms by pulsed high voltage application," Industrial
Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, pp 652- 659.
[17] H. V. Mercado, O. M- Belloso, B.L. Qin, F. J. Chang, M.M. G-Neito,
G.V. B-Canovas, B.G. Swanson, " Non-thermal food preservation:
Pulsed electric fields," vol 8, pp 151-157. May 1997.
[18] J. Kuldilpke, M.N. Eshtiaghi, " Application of non- thermal processing
for preservation of orange juice," vol 8, pp 64- 73. Dec 2008.
[19] K. Huang, J. Wang, " Design of pulsed electric fields treatment
chambers for liquid foods pasteurization," A review. Journal of Food
Engineering, pp 227-239. 2009.
[20] Wouters, P.C and Smelt, J.P.P.M, "Inactivation of microorganism with
pulsed electric field: Potential of food preservation," Food
Biotechnology, 11(3), pp 193-229. 1997.
[21] S.H. Jayaram, A. H. El-Hag, F.P. Espino-Cortes, R.J. Wong, C.
Leibovitch., "Effects of Process Parameters on the Shape of Nanosecond
Pulses Used in High-Field Liquid Food Treatment," IEEE Transaction
on Industry Applications, vol 41, no 2, pp 520-526. March/April 2005.
[22] H.W. Yeom, C.B. Streaker, Q.H. Zhang and D.B. Min, " Effects of
pulsed electric fields on the quality of orange juice and comparison with
heat pasteurization," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48 (10)
pp. 4597-4605.2000.
[23] S.-Yu Tseng, T.-Fu Wu, M.-W. Wu, "Bipolar Narrow-Pulse Generator
With Energy - Recovery Feature for Liquid-Food Sterilization," IEEE
Transcations On Industrial Elecronics, vol 55, no 1, pp 123- 132.
January 2008.
[24] H.W. Yeom, C.B. Streaker, Q.H. Zhang and D.B. Min, " Effects of
pulsed electric fields on the quality of orange juice and comparison with
heat pasteurization," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48 (10)
pp. 4597-4605.2000.
[25] J.R. Beveridge, S. J. MacGregor , L.Marsili, J.G. Anderson, N J. Rowan,
O. Farish, "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Biphase and Monophase
Rectangular Pulses for the Inactivation of Micro-0rganisms Using
Pulsed Electric Fields," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science , vol 30,
no 4, pp 1525-1531.2002.
[26] V. Palanimuthu, P. Rajkumar, V. Orsat, V. Garipey, G.S.V Raghavan,
"Improving Canberry Shelf- Life using High Voltage Electric Field,"
Journal Of Food Engineering.2008.
[27] P. Buta and B. Tauscher, Emerging technologies: chemical aspects, Food
Research International 35 (2-3) ,2002, pp. 279-284.
[28] S.-Y. Tseng, T.-F. Wu, H.-R. Yang, J.-C. Guo, and J.-C. Hung, "Soft-
Switching Series-Resonant Converter to Generate High Output Voltage
for Processing Microbes," IEEE paper for power electronics applied
research laboratory, pp 905- 911.2004.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:61752", author = "Hanifah Jambari and Naziha A. Azli and M. Afendi M. Piah", title = "Bipolar Square Wave Pulses for Liquid Food Sterilization using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter", abstract = "This paper presents the generation of bipolar square
wave pulses with characteristics that are suitable for liquid food
sterilization using a Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI).
Bipolar square waves pulses have been reported as stable for a
longer time during the sterilization process with minimum heat
emission and increased efficiency. The CHMI allows the system to
produce bipolar square wave pulses and yielding high output voltage
without using a transformer while fulfilling the pulse requirements
for effective liquid food sterilization. This in turn can reduce power
consumption and cost of the overall liquid food sterilization system.
The simulation results have shown that pulses with peak output
voltage of 2.4 kV, pulse width of between 1 2s and 1 ms at
frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz can be generated by a 7-level
CHMI. Results from the experimental set-up based on a 5-level
CHMI has indicated the potential of the proposed circuit in
producing bipolar square wave output pulses with peak values that
depends on the DC source level supplied to the CHMI modules,
pulse width of between 12.5 2s and 1 ms at frequencies of 50 Hz
and 100 Hz.", keywords = "pulsed electric field, multilevel inverter, bipolarsquare wave, food sterilization", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "1557-7", }