Bioprocessing of Proximally Analyzed Wheat Straw for Enhanced Cellulase Production through Process Optimization with Trichodermaviride under SSF
The purpose of the present work was to study the
production and process parameters optimization for the synthesis of
cellulase from Trichoderma viride in solid state fermentation (SSF)
using an agricultural wheat straw as substrates; as fungal conversion
of lignocellulosic biomass for cellulase production is one among the
major increasing demand for various biotechnological applications.
An optimization of process parameters is a necessary step to get
higher yield of product. Several kinetic parameters like pretreatment,
extraction solvent, substrate concentration, initial moisture content,
pH, incubation temperature and inoculum size were optimized for
enhanced production of third most demanded industrially important
cellulase. The maximum cellulase enzyme activity 398.10±2.43
μM/mL/min was achieved when proximally analyzed lignocellulosic
substrate wheat straw inocubated at 2% HCl as pretreatment tool
along with distilled water as extraction solvent, 3% substrate
concentration 40% moisture content with optimum pH 5.5 at 45°C
incubation temperature and 10% inoculum size.
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Chem. Biol., vol. 11, pp. 677-684, 2007.
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pretreatment of some lignocellulosic wastes on the recovery of cellulase
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pp. 2444-2450, 2008.
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57-58, pp. 741-761, 1996.
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fermentation," Elect. J. Biotechnol., vol. 27, pp. 498-503, 1998.
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cellulolytic enzyme system in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of
soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran," Proc. Biochem., vol. 45,
pp. 120-128, 2010.
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engineering," Biotechnol. Prog., vol. 15 pp. 777-793, 1999.
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understanding the assembly of biopolymers," Plant Physiol. Biochem.,
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biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA., Vol. 94,
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cellulase from Salinivibrio sp. strain NTU-05," Enz. Microb. Technol.,
Vol. 44, no. (6-7), pp. 373-379, 2009.
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lignocellulosic residues; opportunities and perspectives," Int. J. Biol.
Sci., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 578-95, 2009.
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Pandey, "Advancement and comparative profiles in the production
technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial
cellulases," Enz. Microb. Technol., vol. 46, pp. 541-549, 2010.
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S. Couri, "Finding stable cellulase and xylanase: evaluation of the
synergistic effect of pH and temperature," New Biotechnol., vol. 00, no.
00, pp. 1-6, 2010.
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by the mixed fungi culture Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis
on dairy manure," Proc. Biochem., vol. 40, pp. 3087-94, 2005.
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cellulase," Enz. Microb. Technol., vol. 41, pp. 638-645, 2007.
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stover and its application in simultaneous saccharification and
fermentation," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, pp. 6081-6087, 2008.
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2004.
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vol. 59, pp. 257-268, 1987.
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[1] M. C. Chang, "Harnessing energy from plant biomass," Curr. Opin.
Chem. Biol., vol. 11, pp. 677-684, 2007.
[2] D. Damisa, J. B. Ameh, and V. J. Umoh, "Effect of chemical
pretreatment of some lignocellulosic wastes on the recovery of cellulase
from Aspergillus niger AH3 mutant," Afr. J. Biotechnol., vol. 7, no. 14,
pp. 2444-2450, 2008.
[3] L. R. Lynd, R. T. Elander, and C. E. Wyman, "Likely features and costs
of mature biomass ethanol technology," Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol.
57-58, pp. 741-761, 1996.
[4] M. Raimbault, "General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate
fermentation," Elect. J. Biotechnol., vol. 27, pp. 498-503, 1998.
[5] K. H. Brijwani, S. Oberoi, and P. V. Vadlani, "Production of a
cellulolytic enzyme system in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of
soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran," Proc. Biochem., vol. 45,
pp. 120-128, 2010.
[6] L. R. Lynd, C. E. Wyman, and T. U. Gerngross, "Biocommodity
engineering," Biotechnol. Prog., vol. 15 pp. 777-793, 1999.
[7] R. H. Marchessault, and P. R. Sundararajan, "Cellulose, In G. O.
Aspinall (ed.), the polysaccharides," vol. 2, Academic Press, Inc., New
York, 1993, pp. 11-95.
[8] R. M. J. Brown, and I. M. Saxena, "Cellulose biosynthesis: a model for
understanding the assembly of biopolymers," Plant Physiol. Biochem.,
vol. 38, pp. 57-67, 2000.
[9] M. Koyama, W. Helbert, T. Imai, J. Sugiyama, and B. Henrissat,
"Parallel-up structure evidences the molecular directionality during
biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA., Vol. 94,
pp. 9091-9095, 1997.
[10] L. M. J. Kroon-Batenburg, and J. Kroon, "The crystal and molecular
structures of cellulose I and II," Glycoconj. J. vol. 14, pp. 677-690,
1997.
[11] Y. W. Chung, H. Yi-Ru, C. C. Ng, H. Chan, H. T. Lin, T. Wen-Sheng,
and Y. T. Shyu, "Purification and characterization of a novel halostable
cellulase from Salinivibrio sp. strain NTU-05," Enz. Microb. Technol.,
Vol. 44, no. (6-7), pp. 373-379, 2009.
[12] M. Dashtban, H. Schraft, and W. Qin, "Fungal bioconversion of
lignocellulosic residues; opportunities and perspectives," Int. J. Biol.
Sci., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 578-95, 2009.
[13] R. R. Singhania, R. K. Sukumaran, A. K. Patel, C. Larroche, and A.
Pandey, "Advancement and comparative profiles in the production
technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial
cellulases," Enz. Microb. Technol., vol. 46, pp. 541-549, 2010.
[14] C. S. Farinas, M. M. Loyo, A. B. Junior, P. W. Tardioli, V. B. Neto, and
S. Couri, "Finding stable cellulase and xylanase: evaluation of the
synergistic effect of pH and temperature," New Biotechnol., vol. 00, no.
00, pp. 1-6, 2010.
[15] Z. Wen, W. Liao, and S. Chen, "Production of cellulase/b-glucosidase
by the mixed fungi culture Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis
on dairy manure," Proc. Biochem., vol. 40, pp. 3087-94, 2005.
[16] B. C. Stockton, D. J. Mitchell, K. Grohmann, and M. E. Himmel,
"Optimum β-D glucosidase supplementation of cellulase for efficient
conversion of cellulose to glucose. Biotechnol. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 57-62,
1991.
[17] K. Reczey, Z. Szengyel, R. Eklund, and G. Zacchi, "Cellulase
production by T. reesei," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 57, pp. 25-30, 1996.
[18] J. P. Smits, A. Rinzema, J. Tramper, H. M. van Sonsbeek, and W. Knol,
"Solid state fermentation of wheat bran by Trichoderma reesei QM
9414: substrate compositional changes, C balance enzyme production,
growth and kinetics," Appl. Microbol. Biotechnol., vol. 46, pp. 489-96,
1996.
[19] U. Holker, M. Hofer, J. Lenz, "Biotechnological advantages of
laboratory scale solid state fermentation with fungi," Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol., Vol. 64, pp. 175-86, 2004.
[20] Y. Han, and H. Chen, "Synergism between corn stover protein and
cellulase," Enz. Microb. Technol., vol. 41, pp. 638-645, 2007.
[21] Y. Han, and H. Chen, "Characterization of beta-glucosidase from corn
stover and its application in simultaneous saccharification and
fermentation," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, pp. 6081-6087, 2008.
[22] C. Birsan, P. Johnson, M. Joshi, A. MacLeod, L. McIntosh, V. Monem,
M. Nitz, D. R. Rose, D. Tull, W. W. Wakarchuck, Q. Wang, R. A. J.
Warren, A. White and S. G. Withers, (1998) Mechanisms of cellulases
and xylanases," Biochem. Soc. Trans., vol. 26, pp. 156-160, 1998.
[23] S. G. Withers, "Mechanisms of glycosyl transferases and hydrolyses,"
Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 44, pp. 325-337, 2001.
[24] S. S. Dhillon, R. K. Gill, S. S. Gill, and M. Singh, "Studies on the
utilization of citrus peel for pectinase production using fungus
Aspergillus niger," Intern. J. Environ. Stud., vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 199-210,
2004.
[25] H. N. Ariffin, M. S. Abdullah, U. Kalsom, Y. Shira, and M. A. Hassan,
"Production and Characterisation of Cellulase by Bacillus Pumilus Eb3,"
Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 3, pp. 47-53, 2006.
[26] M. Dubois, K. A. Gibes, J. K. Hamilton, P. A. Rebers, and F. Smith,
"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related
substances," Anal. Chem., vol. 28, pp. 350-353, 1956.
[27] G. L. Miller, "Use of DNS reagent for the measurement of reducing
sugar," Anal. Chem., vol. 31, pp. 426-428, 1959.
[28] O. H. Lowry, N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall, "Protein
measurement with folin phenol reagent," J. Biol. Chem., vol. 193, pp.
265-275, 1951.
[29] C. Krishna, and M. Chandrasekaran, "Banana waste as substrate for ╬▒-
amylase production by Bacillus subtilis (CBTK-106) under solid state
fermentation," Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 46, pp. 106-111, 1996.
[30] T. K. Ghose, "Measurement of cellulase activities," Pur. Appl. Chem.,
vol. 59, pp. 257-268, 1987.
[31] R. G. D. Steel, and J. H. Torrie, "Principal and Procedures of Statistics
Mc.Gra. Hill. Book co.inc.2nd New York (USA), 1982.
[32] O. I. A. Oluremi, I. A. Andrew, and J. Ngi, "Evaluation of the nutritive
potential of the peels of some citrus fruit varieties as fedingstuffs in
livestock production," Pak. J. Nutrit., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 653-656, 2007.
[33] M. R. Rowell, "Opportunities for lignocellulosic materials and
composites. Emerging technologies for material and chemicals from
biomass: Proceedings of symposium. Washington, DC: Americ. Chem.
Soc. Chap. 2, 1992, pp. 26-31.
[34] P. McKendry, "Energy production from biomass: overview of biomass,"
Bioresour. Technol., vol. 83, pp. 37-43, 2002.
[35] S. Prassad, A. Singh, and H.C. Joshi, "Ethanol as an alternative fuel
from agricultural, industrial and urban residues," Resour. Conserv.
Recycl., Vol. 50, pp. 1-39, 2007.
[36] F. Carvalheiro, , T. Silva-Fernandes, L. C. Duarte, and F. M. Gírio,
"Wheat straw autohydrolysis: process optimization and products
characterization," Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol. 153, no. 1-3, pp. 84-
93, 2009.
[37] M. Pedersen, and A. S. Meyer, "Lignocellulose pretreatment severity
relating pH to biomatrix opening," New Biotechnol., doi: 10. 1016/j.nbt.
2010. 05.003.
[38] M. U. Dahoot, and M. H. Noomrio, "Microbial production of cellulases
by Aspergillus fumigatus using wheat straw as a carbon source," J. isl.
Acad. sci., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 119-124, 1996.
[39] H. Knappert, A. Singh, and H. C. Joshi, "Partial acid hydrolysis of
poplar wood as a pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification," Ann. Rev.
Ene. Environ., vol. 25, pp. 199-244, 1981.
[40] N. Mosier, C. Wyman, B. Dale, R. Elander, Y. Y. Lee, and M.
Holtzapple, "Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of
lignocellulosic biomass," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 96, pp. 673-86,
2005.
[41] M. S. Chandra, B. R. Reddy, and Y. L. Choi, "Optimization of
Extraction of Fpase from the Fermented Bran of Aspergillus Niger in
Solid State Fermentation," J. Appl. Biol. Chem., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 155-
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@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:63478", author = "Ishtiaq Ahmed and Muhammad Anjum Zia and Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal", title = "Bioprocessing of Proximally Analyzed Wheat Straw for Enhanced Cellulase Production through Process Optimization with Trichodermaviride under SSF", abstract = "The purpose of the present work was to study the
production and process parameters optimization for the synthesis of
cellulase from Trichoderma viride in solid state fermentation (SSF)
using an agricultural wheat straw as substrates; as fungal conversion
of lignocellulosic biomass for cellulase production is one among the
major increasing demand for various biotechnological applications.
An optimization of process parameters is a necessary step to get
higher yield of product. Several kinetic parameters like pretreatment,
extraction solvent, substrate concentration, initial moisture content,
pH, incubation temperature and inoculum size were optimized for
enhanced production of third most demanded industrially important
cellulase. The maximum cellulase enzyme activity 398.10±2.43
μM/mL/min was achieved when proximally analyzed lignocellulosic
substrate wheat straw inocubated at 2% HCl as pretreatment tool
along with distilled water as extraction solvent, 3% substrate
concentration 40% moisture content with optimum pH 5.5 at 45°C
incubation temperature and 10% inoculum size.", keywords = "Cellulase, Lignocellulosic residue, Processoptimization, Proximal analysis, SSF, Trichoderma viride.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "124-7", }
