Biological Characterization of the New Invasive Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana in Tunisia: Sabkhet Halk El-Menzel
Endemic Artemia franciscana populations can be found throughout the American continent and also as an introduced specie in several country all over the world, such as in the Mediterranean region where Artemia franciscana was identified as an invasive specie replacing native Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia salina. In the present study, the characterization of the new invasive Artemia franciscana reported from Sabkhet Halk El-Menzel (Tunisia) was done based on the cysts biometry, nauplii instar-I length, Adult sexual dimorphism and fatty acid profile. The mean value of the diameter of non-decapsulated and decapsulated cysts, chorion thickness and naupliar length is 235.8, 226.3, 4.75 and 426.8 μm, respectively. Sexual dimorphism for adults specimen showed that maximal distance between compound eyes, diameter for compound eyes, length of first antenna and the abdomen length compared to the total body length ratio, are the most important variables for males and females discrimination with a total contribution of 62.39 %. The analysis of fatty acid methyl esters profile of decapsulated cysts resulted in low levels of linolenic acid (LLA, C18:3n-3) and high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) with 3.11 and 11.10 %, respectively. Low quantity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) was also observed with 0.17 mg.g-1 dry weight.
[1] G. Van Stappen, "Zoogeography," in Artemia Basic and Applied
biology, Abatzopoulos T. J., Beardmore J. A., Cleeg J. S., Sorgeloos P.
(Eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2002. pp.
171-215.
[2] F. Amat, F. Hontoria, O. Ruiz, A. J. Green, M. I. Sanchez, J. Figuerola,
and F. Hortas, "The American brine shrimp as an exotic invasive species
in the western Mediterranean," Biol. Invasions, vol. 7, pp. 37-47, 2005.
[3] R. T. G├╝nther, "Contribution to the natural history of Lake Urmia, N.W.
Persia and its neighbourhood," Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 27, pp. 345-
453, 1890.
[4] Cai Y, "A redescription of the brine shrimp (Artemia sinica)," Wasmann
Journal Biology, vol. 47, pp. 105-110, 1989.
[5] T. J Abatzopoulos, B. Zhang, and P. Sorgeloos, "International Study on
Artemia LIX. Artemia tibetiana: preliminary characterization of a new
Artemia species found in Tibet (People's Republic of China)," Int. J. Salt
Lake Res., vol. 7, pp. 41-44, 1998.
[6] T. J Abatzopoulos, I. Kappas, P. Bossier, P. Sorgeloos, and J. A.
Beardmore, "Genetic characterization of Artemia tibetiana (Crustacea:
Anostraca)," Biol. J. Linn. Soc., vol. 75, pp. 333-344, 2002.
[7] E. J. S. Pilla, and J. A. Beardmore, "Genetic and morphometric
differentiation in Old word bisexual species of the brine shrimp
(Artemia)," Heredity, vol. 72, pp. 47-56, 1994.
[8] M. Piccinelli, and T. Prosdocimi, "Descrizione tassonomica delle due
specie Artemia salina L.e. Artemia persimilis," Rendiconti Instituto
Lombardo Academica Di Scienze e Lettere Classe Scienze, vol. 102, pp.
113-118, 1968.
[9] V. L. Kellogg, "A new Artemia its life conditions," Science, vol. 24, pp.
594-596, 1906.
[10] P. Sorgeloos, P. Dhert, and P. Candreva, "Use of the brine shrimp,
Artemia spp., in marine fish larviculture," Aquaculture, vol. 200, pp.
147-159, 2001.
[11] D.A. Bengtson, P. Leger, and P. Sorgeloos, "Use of Artemia as a food
source for aquaculture," in Artemia Biology, Browne R. A., Sorgeloos
P., Trotman C. N. A. (Eds.). CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, USA,
1991. pp. 255-285.
[12] G. V. Triantaphyllidis, E. Pilla, K. Thomas, T. J. Abatzopoulos, J. A.
Beardmore, and P. Zorruelos, "Internacional study on Artemia. LII.
Incubation of Artemia cysts simples at high temperature reveals mixed
nature with Artemia franciscana cysts," J. Exp. Mar. Ecol., vol. 183, pp.
273-282, 1994.
[13] J. Dhont, and P. Sorgeloos, "Applications of Artemia," in Artemia: Basic
and Applied Biology, Abatzopoulos T. J. et al. (Eds.). Kluwer Academic
Publications, 2002. pp. 251-277.
[14] P. Sorgeloos, P. Lavens, P. Léger, W. Tackaert, and D. Versichele,
"Manual for the culture and use of brine shrimp Artemia in aquaculture,"
The Belgian Administration for Development Cooperation. The Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. State University of
Ghent, Belgium-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgum. 319 p. 1986.
[15] R. Thiéry, and F. Robert, "Bisexual populations of the brine shrimp
Artemia in Sète-Villeroi and Villeneuve saltworks (Languedoc,
France)," Int. J. Salt Lake Res., vol. 1, pp. 47- 63, 1992.
[16] G. V. Triantaphyllidis, T. J. Abatzopoulos, and P. Sorgeloos, "Review of
the biogeography of the genus Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca)," J.
Biogeogr., vol. 25, pp. 213-226, 1998.
[17] G. Mura, F. Amat, T. J. Abatzopoulos, and S. Moscatello, "First record
of Artemia franciscana in an Italian saltwork," Fifth International Large
Branchiopod Synposium, Book of abstracts Toodyay, Western Australia,
2004. pp. 35-36.
[18] A. J. Green, M. I. Sanchez, F. Amat, J. Figuerola, F. Hontaria, O. Ruiz,
and F. Hortas, "Dispersal of invasive and native brine shrimp Artemia
(Anostraca) Via Waterbirds," Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 50, pp. 737-742,
2005.
[19] F. Amat, F. Hontoria, J. C. Navarro, N. Vieira, and G. Mura,
"Biodiversity loss in the genus Artemia in the Western Mediterranean
Region," Limnetica, vol. 26, pp. 387-404, 2007.
[20] P. Vanhaecke, and P. Sorgeloos, "International Study on Artemia. IV.
The biometrics of Artemia strains from different geographical origin," in
The brine shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3. Ecology, culturing, use in
aquaculture, Persoone G., Sorgeloos P., Roels O., Jaspers E. (Eds).
Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, 1980. pp. 393-405.
[21] J. C. Navarro, F. Amat, and J. R. Sargent, "Fatty acid composition of
coastal and inland Artemia sp. populations from Spain," Aquaculture,
vol. 102, pp. 219-23, 1992.
[22] J. C. Navarro, F. Amat, and J. R. Sargent, "Lipid composition of cysts of
the brine shrimp Artemia sp. from Spanish populations," J. Exper. Mar.
Biol. Ecol., vol. 155, pp. 123-131, 1992.
[23] H. Ben Naceur, A. Ben Rejeb Jenhani, M. S. Romdhane, "New
distribution record of the brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea,
Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Tunisia," Check List, vol. 5, pp. 281-288,
2009.
[24] E. Van Ballaer, D. Versichele, P. Vanhaecke, P. Léger, N. Ben
Abdelkader, S. Turki, and P. Sorgeloos, "Characterization of Artemia
from different localities in Tunisia with regard to their use in local
aquaculture," in Artemia research and its applications. Vol. 1
.Morphology, Genetics, Strain Characterisation, Toxicology, Sorgeloos
P., Bengtson D. A., Decleir W., Jaspers E. (Eds.). Universa Press,
Wetteren, Belgium, 1987. pp. 199-209.
[25] H. Ben Naceur, A. Ben Rejeb Jenhani, M. El Cafsi, and M. S.
Romdhane, "Determination of biological characteristics of Artemia
salina (Crustacea: Anostraca) population from Sabkhet Sijoumi (NE
Tunisia)," Transitional Water Bull., vol. 3, pp. 65-74, 2008.
[26] H. Ben Naceur, A. Ben Rejeb Jenhani, and M. S. Romdhane,
"Variability of Artemia salina cysts from Sabkhet El Adhibet (Southeast
Tunisia) with special regard to their use in aquaculture," Inland Water
Biol., vol. 3, pp. 70-78, 2010.
[27] J. Castro, T. Castro, J. Sanchez, G. Castro, A. Castro, J. Zaragoza, R. De
Lara, and M. Del C-Monroy, "Cysts and nauplii biometry characteristics
of seven Artemia franciscana (Kellog, 1906) populations from Mexico,"
Rev. Biol. Mar. Occeanogr., vol. 41, pp. 187-193, 2006.
[28] W. N. Camargo, G. C. Duran, O. C. Rada, L. C. Hernandez, J-C. G.
Linero, I. M. Muelle, and P. Sorgeloos, "Determination of biological and
physicochemical parameters of Artemia franciscana strain in hypersaline
environments for aquaculture in the Colombian Caribbean," Saline
Systems, vol. 1, n┬░ 9, 2005.
[29] M. H. Kara, K. A. Bengraine, F. Derbal, L. Chaoui, and M.
Amarouayache, "Quality evaluation of a new Artemia from chott
Marouane (Northeast Algeria)," Aquaculture, vol. 235, pp. 361-369,
2004.
[30] G. Gajardo, N. Colihueque, M. Parraguez, and P. Sorgeloos,
"International study on Artemia. LVIII. Morphologic differentiation and
reproductive isolation of Artemia populations from South America," Int.
J. Salt Lake Res., vol. 7, pp. 133-151, 1998.
[31] G. V. Triantaphyllidis, G. R. J. Criel, T. J. Abatzopoulos, and P.
Sorgeloos, "International Study on Artemia. LVII. Morphological study
of Artemia with emphasis to Old World strains. I. Bisexual populations,"
Hydrobiologia, vol. 357, pp. 139-153, 1997.
[32] A. Asem, B. Atashbar, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, and N. Agh,
"Morphological and biometric characterisation of rare male and sexual
dimorphism in parthenogenetic Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca)," Zool.
Middle East, vol. 49, pp. 115-117, 2010.
[33] K. Zhou, M. Xu, and X. Yin, "Morphological Characterization of Sexual
Artemia (Branchiopoda) from China," Crustaceana, vol. 76, 1331-1346,
2003.
[34] W. N. Camargo, J. S. Ely, and P. Sorgeloos, "Morphometric
characterization of thalassohaline Artemia franciscana populations from
the Colombian Caribbean," J. Biogeogr., vol. 30, pp. 697-702, 2003.
[35] A. Asem, and N. Rastegar-Pouyani, "Sexual Dimorphism in Artemia
urmiana G├╝nther, 1899 (Anostraca: Artemiidae) from the Urmia Lake,
West Azerbaijan, Iran," J. Anim. Veterinary Adv., vol. 6, pp. 1409-1415,
2007.
[36] A. Estévez, L. A. McEvoy, and J. G. Bell, "Growth, survival, lipid
composition and pigmentation of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae
fed live-prey enriched in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids,"
Aquaculture, vol. 180, pp. 321-343, 1999.
[37] J. R. Sargent, L. MCEvoy, A. Estévez, G. Bell, M. Bell, J. Henderson,
and D. Tocher, "Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development:
current status and future direction," Aquaculture, vol. 155, pp. 117-127,
1999.
[38] P. Léger, D. A. Bengtson, K. L. Simpson, and P. Sorgeloos, "The use
and nutritional value of Artemia as food source," Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Ann. Rev., vol. 24, pp. 521-623, 1986.
[39] T. Watanabe, T. Arakawa, C. Kitajima, K. Fukusho, and S. Fujita,
"Nutritional quality of living feeds from the viewpoint of essential fatty
acids for fish," Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., vol. 44, pp. 1223-1227, 1978.
[40] R. A. Browne, and G. Wanigasekera, "Combined effects of salinity and
temperature on survival and reproduction of five species of Artemia," J.
Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., vol. 244, pp, 29-44, 2000.
[41] N. P. Holm, and J. Shapiro, "An examination of lipid reserves and the
nutritional status of Daphnia pulex fed Aphanizomenon flos-aquae,"
Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 29, pp. 1137-1140, 1984.
[42] O. Ruiz, F. Amat, and J. C. Navarro, "A comparative study of the fatty
acid profile of Artemia franciscana and A. persimilis cultured at
mesocosm scale," J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., vol. 354, pp. 9-16, 2008.
[43] J. C. Navarro, F. Amat, and J. R. Sargent, "The lipids of the cysts of
freshwater-and marine-type Artemia," Aquaculture, vol. 109, pp. 327-
336, 1993.
[44] O. Ruiz1, G. R. Medina, R. G. Cohen, F. Amat, and J. C. Navarro, "
Diversity of the fatty acid composition of Artemia spp. cysts from
Argentinean populations," Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., vol. 335, pp. 155-165,
2007.
[45] J. C. Navarro, and F. Amat, "Effect of algal diets on the fatty acid
composition of brine shrimp Artemia sp. cysts," Aquaculture, vol. 101,
pp. 223-227, 1992.
[1] G. Van Stappen, "Zoogeography," in Artemia Basic and Applied
biology, Abatzopoulos T. J., Beardmore J. A., Cleeg J. S., Sorgeloos P.
(Eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2002. pp.
171-215.
[2] F. Amat, F. Hontoria, O. Ruiz, A. J. Green, M. I. Sanchez, J. Figuerola,
and F. Hortas, "The American brine shrimp as an exotic invasive species
in the western Mediterranean," Biol. Invasions, vol. 7, pp. 37-47, 2005.
[3] R. T. G├╝nther, "Contribution to the natural history of Lake Urmia, N.W.
Persia and its neighbourhood," Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 27, pp. 345-
453, 1890.
[4] Cai Y, "A redescription of the brine shrimp (Artemia sinica)," Wasmann
Journal Biology, vol. 47, pp. 105-110, 1989.
[5] T. J Abatzopoulos, B. Zhang, and P. Sorgeloos, "International Study on
Artemia LIX. Artemia tibetiana: preliminary characterization of a new
Artemia species found in Tibet (People's Republic of China)," Int. J. Salt
Lake Res., vol. 7, pp. 41-44, 1998.
[6] T. J Abatzopoulos, I. Kappas, P. Bossier, P. Sorgeloos, and J. A.
Beardmore, "Genetic characterization of Artemia tibetiana (Crustacea:
Anostraca)," Biol. J. Linn. Soc., vol. 75, pp. 333-344, 2002.
[7] E. J. S. Pilla, and J. A. Beardmore, "Genetic and morphometric
differentiation in Old word bisexual species of the brine shrimp
(Artemia)," Heredity, vol. 72, pp. 47-56, 1994.
[8] M. Piccinelli, and T. Prosdocimi, "Descrizione tassonomica delle due
specie Artemia salina L.e. Artemia persimilis," Rendiconti Instituto
Lombardo Academica Di Scienze e Lettere Classe Scienze, vol. 102, pp.
113-118, 1968.
[9] V. L. Kellogg, "A new Artemia its life conditions," Science, vol. 24, pp.
594-596, 1906.
[10] P. Sorgeloos, P. Dhert, and P. Candreva, "Use of the brine shrimp,
Artemia spp., in marine fish larviculture," Aquaculture, vol. 200, pp.
147-159, 2001.
[11] D.A. Bengtson, P. Leger, and P. Sorgeloos, "Use of Artemia as a food
source for aquaculture," in Artemia Biology, Browne R. A., Sorgeloos
P., Trotman C. N. A. (Eds.). CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, USA,
1991. pp. 255-285.
[12] G. V. Triantaphyllidis, E. Pilla, K. Thomas, T. J. Abatzopoulos, J. A.
Beardmore, and P. Zorruelos, "Internacional study on Artemia. LII.
Incubation of Artemia cysts simples at high temperature reveals mixed
nature with Artemia franciscana cysts," J. Exp. Mar. Ecol., vol. 183, pp.
273-282, 1994.
[13] J. Dhont, and P. Sorgeloos, "Applications of Artemia," in Artemia: Basic
and Applied Biology, Abatzopoulos T. J. et al. (Eds.). Kluwer Academic
Publications, 2002. pp. 251-277.
[14] P. Sorgeloos, P. Lavens, P. Léger, W. Tackaert, and D. Versichele,
"Manual for the culture and use of brine shrimp Artemia in aquaculture,"
The Belgian Administration for Development Cooperation. The Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. State University of
Ghent, Belgium-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgum. 319 p. 1986.
[15] R. Thiéry, and F. Robert, "Bisexual populations of the brine shrimp
Artemia in Sète-Villeroi and Villeneuve saltworks (Languedoc,
France)," Int. J. Salt Lake Res., vol. 1, pp. 47- 63, 1992.
[16] G. V. Triantaphyllidis, T. J. Abatzopoulos, and P. Sorgeloos, "Review of
the biogeography of the genus Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca)," J.
Biogeogr., vol. 25, pp. 213-226, 1998.
[17] G. Mura, F. Amat, T. J. Abatzopoulos, and S. Moscatello, "First record
of Artemia franciscana in an Italian saltwork," Fifth International Large
Branchiopod Synposium, Book of abstracts Toodyay, Western Australia,
2004. pp. 35-36.
[18] A. J. Green, M. I. Sanchez, F. Amat, J. Figuerola, F. Hontaria, O. Ruiz,
and F. Hortas, "Dispersal of invasive and native brine shrimp Artemia
(Anostraca) Via Waterbirds," Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 50, pp. 737-742,
2005.
[19] F. Amat, F. Hontoria, J. C. Navarro, N. Vieira, and G. Mura,
"Biodiversity loss in the genus Artemia in the Western Mediterranean
Region," Limnetica, vol. 26, pp. 387-404, 2007.
[20] P. Vanhaecke, and P. Sorgeloos, "International Study on Artemia. IV.
The biometrics of Artemia strains from different geographical origin," in
The brine shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3. Ecology, culturing, use in
aquaculture, Persoone G., Sorgeloos P., Roels O., Jaspers E. (Eds).
Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, 1980. pp. 393-405.
[21] J. C. Navarro, F. Amat, and J. R. Sargent, "Fatty acid composition of
coastal and inland Artemia sp. populations from Spain," Aquaculture,
vol. 102, pp. 219-23, 1992.
[22] J. C. Navarro, F. Amat, and J. R. Sargent, "Lipid composition of cysts of
the brine shrimp Artemia sp. from Spanish populations," J. Exper. Mar.
Biol. Ecol., vol. 155, pp. 123-131, 1992.
[23] H. Ben Naceur, A. Ben Rejeb Jenhani, M. S. Romdhane, "New
distribution record of the brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea,
Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Tunisia," Check List, vol. 5, pp. 281-288,
2009.
[24] E. Van Ballaer, D. Versichele, P. Vanhaecke, P. Léger, N. Ben
Abdelkader, S. Turki, and P. Sorgeloos, "Characterization of Artemia
from different localities in Tunisia with regard to their use in local
aquaculture," in Artemia research and its applications. Vol. 1
.Morphology, Genetics, Strain Characterisation, Toxicology, Sorgeloos
P., Bengtson D. A., Decleir W., Jaspers E. (Eds.). Universa Press,
Wetteren, Belgium, 1987. pp. 199-209.
[25] H. Ben Naceur, A. Ben Rejeb Jenhani, M. El Cafsi, and M. S.
Romdhane, "Determination of biological characteristics of Artemia
salina (Crustacea: Anostraca) population from Sabkhet Sijoumi (NE
Tunisia)," Transitional Water Bull., vol. 3, pp. 65-74, 2008.
[26] H. Ben Naceur, A. Ben Rejeb Jenhani, and M. S. Romdhane,
"Variability of Artemia salina cysts from Sabkhet El Adhibet (Southeast
Tunisia) with special regard to their use in aquaculture," Inland Water
Biol., vol. 3, pp. 70-78, 2010.
[27] J. Castro, T. Castro, J. Sanchez, G. Castro, A. Castro, J. Zaragoza, R. De
Lara, and M. Del C-Monroy, "Cysts and nauplii biometry characteristics
of seven Artemia franciscana (Kellog, 1906) populations from Mexico,"
Rev. Biol. Mar. Occeanogr., vol. 41, pp. 187-193, 2006.
[28] W. N. Camargo, G. C. Duran, O. C. Rada, L. C. Hernandez, J-C. G.
Linero, I. M. Muelle, and P. Sorgeloos, "Determination of biological and
physicochemical parameters of Artemia franciscana strain in hypersaline
environments for aquaculture in the Colombian Caribbean," Saline
Systems, vol. 1, n┬░ 9, 2005.
[29] M. H. Kara, K. A. Bengraine, F. Derbal, L. Chaoui, and M.
Amarouayache, "Quality evaluation of a new Artemia from chott
Marouane (Northeast Algeria)," Aquaculture, vol. 235, pp. 361-369,
2004.
[30] G. Gajardo, N. Colihueque, M. Parraguez, and P. Sorgeloos,
"International study on Artemia. LVIII. Morphologic differentiation and
reproductive isolation of Artemia populations from South America," Int.
J. Salt Lake Res., vol. 7, pp. 133-151, 1998.
[31] G. V. Triantaphyllidis, G. R. J. Criel, T. J. Abatzopoulos, and P.
Sorgeloos, "International Study on Artemia. LVII. Morphological study
of Artemia with emphasis to Old World strains. I. Bisexual populations,"
Hydrobiologia, vol. 357, pp. 139-153, 1997.
[32] A. Asem, B. Atashbar, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, and N. Agh,
"Morphological and biometric characterisation of rare male and sexual
dimorphism in parthenogenetic Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca)," Zool.
Middle East, vol. 49, pp. 115-117, 2010.
[33] K. Zhou, M. Xu, and X. Yin, "Morphological Characterization of Sexual
Artemia (Branchiopoda) from China," Crustaceana, vol. 76, 1331-1346,
2003.
[34] W. N. Camargo, J. S. Ely, and P. Sorgeloos, "Morphometric
characterization of thalassohaline Artemia franciscana populations from
the Colombian Caribbean," J. Biogeogr., vol. 30, pp. 697-702, 2003.
[35] A. Asem, and N. Rastegar-Pouyani, "Sexual Dimorphism in Artemia
urmiana G├╝nther, 1899 (Anostraca: Artemiidae) from the Urmia Lake,
West Azerbaijan, Iran," J. Anim. Veterinary Adv., vol. 6, pp. 1409-1415,
2007.
[36] A. Estévez, L. A. McEvoy, and J. G. Bell, "Growth, survival, lipid
composition and pigmentation of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae
fed live-prey enriched in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids,"
Aquaculture, vol. 180, pp. 321-343, 1999.
[37] J. R. Sargent, L. MCEvoy, A. Estévez, G. Bell, M. Bell, J. Henderson,
and D. Tocher, "Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development:
current status and future direction," Aquaculture, vol. 155, pp. 117-127,
1999.
[38] P. Léger, D. A. Bengtson, K. L. Simpson, and P. Sorgeloos, "The use
and nutritional value of Artemia as food source," Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Ann. Rev., vol. 24, pp. 521-623, 1986.
[39] T. Watanabe, T. Arakawa, C. Kitajima, K. Fukusho, and S. Fujita,
"Nutritional quality of living feeds from the viewpoint of essential fatty
acids for fish," Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., vol. 44, pp. 1223-1227, 1978.
[40] R. A. Browne, and G. Wanigasekera, "Combined effects of salinity and
temperature on survival and reproduction of five species of Artemia," J.
Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., vol. 244, pp, 29-44, 2000.
[41] N. P. Holm, and J. Shapiro, "An examination of lipid reserves and the
nutritional status of Daphnia pulex fed Aphanizomenon flos-aquae,"
Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 29, pp. 1137-1140, 1984.
[42] O. Ruiz, F. Amat, and J. C. Navarro, "A comparative study of the fatty
acid profile of Artemia franciscana and A. persimilis cultured at
mesocosm scale," J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., vol. 354, pp. 9-16, 2008.
[43] J. C. Navarro, F. Amat, and J. R. Sargent, "The lipids of the cysts of
freshwater-and marine-type Artemia," Aquaculture, vol. 109, pp. 327-
336, 1993.
[44] O. Ruiz1, G. R. Medina, R. G. Cohen, F. Amat, and J. C. Navarro, "
Diversity of the fatty acid composition of Artemia spp. cysts from
Argentinean populations," Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., vol. 335, pp. 155-165,
2007.
[45] J. C. Navarro, and F. Amat, "Effect of algal diets on the fatty acid
composition of brine shrimp Artemia sp. cysts," Aquaculture, vol. 101,
pp. 223-227, 1992.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:52592", author = "Hachem Ben Naceur and Amel Ben Rejeb Jenhani and Mohamed Salah Romdhane", title = "Biological Characterization of the New Invasive Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana in Tunisia: Sabkhet Halk El-Menzel", abstract = "Endemic Artemia franciscana populations can be found throughout the American continent and also as an introduced specie in several country all over the world, such as in the Mediterranean region where Artemia franciscana was identified as an invasive specie replacing native Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia salina. In the present study, the characterization of the new invasive Artemia franciscana reported from Sabkhet Halk El-Menzel (Tunisia) was done based on the cysts biometry, nauplii instar-I length, Adult sexual dimorphism and fatty acid profile. The mean value of the diameter of non-decapsulated and decapsulated cysts, chorion thickness and naupliar length is 235.8, 226.3, 4.75 and 426.8 μm, respectively. Sexual dimorphism for adults specimen showed that maximal distance between compound eyes, diameter for compound eyes, length of first antenna and the abdomen length compared to the total body length ratio, are the most important variables for males and females discrimination with a total contribution of 62.39 %. The analysis of fatty acid methyl esters profile of decapsulated cysts resulted in low levels of linolenic acid (LLA, C18:3n-3) and high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) with 3.11 and 11.10 %, respectively. Low quantity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) was also observed with 0.17 mg.g-1 dry weight.
", keywords = "Invasive Artemia franciscana, biometry, sexualdimorphism, fatty acid, Tunisia.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "36-7", }
